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  • MDPI AG  (35)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent Advances in Photoalignment Liquid Crystal Polarization Gratings and Their Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Crystals Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-07-31), p. 900-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-07-31), p. 900-
    Abstract: Liquid crystal (LC) circular polarization gratings (PGs), also known as Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase deflectors, are diffractive waveplates with linearly changed optical anisotropy axes. Due to the high diffraction efficiency, polarization selectivity character, and simple fabrication process, photoalignment LC PGs have been widely studied and developed especially in polarization management and beam split. In this review paper, we analyze the physical principles, show the exposure methods and fabrication process, and present relevant promising applications in photonics and imaging optics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst11080900
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aperiodic Sampled-Data Control for Anti-Synchronization of Chaotic Nonlinear Systems Subject to Input Saturation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Axioms Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-04-21), p. 403-
    Details
    In: Axioms, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-04-21), p. 403-
    Abstract: This paper studies the aperiodic sampled-data (SD) control anti-synchronization issue of chaotic nonlinear systems under the effects of input saturation. At first, to describe the simultaneous existence of the aperiodic SD pattern and the input saturation, a nonlinear closed-loop system model is established. Then, to make the anti-synchronization analysis, a relaxed sampling-interval-dependent Lyapunov functional (RSIDLF) is constructed for the resulting closed-loop system. Thereinto, the positive definiteness requirement of the RSIDLF is abandoned. Due to the indefiniteness of RSIDLF, the discrete-time Lyapunov method (DTLM) then is used to guarantee the local stability of the trivial solutions of the modeled nonlinear system. Furthermore, two convex optimization schemes are proposed to expand the allowable initial area (AIA) and maximize the upper bound of the sampling period (UBSP). Finally, two examples of nonlinear systems are provided to illustrate the superiority of the RSIDLF method over the previous methods in expanding the AIA and enlarging the UBSP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1680
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/axioms12040403
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661511-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metabolism Study of Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside Rg1 and Ginsenoside Rb1 of Radix Panax Notoginseng in Zebrafish
    MDPI AG ; 2011
    In:  Molecules Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 2011-08-05), p. 6621-6633
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 2011-08-05), p. 6621-6633
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules16086621
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Deeper Insight into the Interfacial Behavior and Structural Properties of Mixed DPPC/POPC Monolayers: Implications for Respiratory Health
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Membranes Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-28), p. 33-
    Details
    In: Membranes, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-28), p. 33-
    Abstract: 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorcholine (POPC) are important components in pulmonary surfactants (PSs), of which the relative content is related to lung compliance. Herein, the phase behavior and thermodynamic structure of mixed DPPC/POPC monolayers were studied to elucidate the intermolecular interaction between DPPC and POPC molecules. Surface pressure–molecular area isotherms demonstrated that POPC significantly affected the phase behavior of the lipid domain structure as a function of its concentration. The compression modulus of the mixed monolayers reduced with the increase in POPC proportion, which can be attributed to the intermolecular repulsion between DPPC and POPC. Brewster angle microscopy analysis showed that the ordered structure of the monolayers trended toward fluidization in the presence of POPC. Raman spectroscopy results revealed that the change in C–C skeleton stretching vibration was the main cause of the decrease in the monolayer packing density. These findings provide new insights into the role of different phospholipid components in the function of PS film at a molecular level, which can help us to understand the synergy effects of the proportional relationship between DPPC and POPC on the formation and progression of lung disease and provide some references for the synthesis of lung surfactants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0375
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010033
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2614641-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Change Detection Method Based on Multi-Scale Adaptive Convolution Kernel Network and Multimodal Conditional Random Field for Multi-Temporal Multispectral Images
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-10-26), p. 5368-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-10-26), p. 5368-
    Abstract: Multispectral image change detection is an important application in the field of remote sensing. Multispectral images usually contain many complex scenes, such as ground objects with diverse scales and proportions, so the change detection task expects the feature extractor is superior in adaptive multi-scale feature learning. To address the above-mentioned problems, a multispectral image change detection method based on multi-scale adaptive kernel network and multimodal conditional random field (MSAK-Net-MCRF) is proposed. The multi-scale adaptive kernel network (MSAK-Net) extends the encoding path of the U-Net, and designs a weight-sharing bilateral encoding path, which simultaneously extracts independent features of bi-temporal multispectral images without introducing additional parameters. A selective convolution kernel block (SCKB) that can adaptively assign weights is designed and embedded in the encoding path of MSAK-Net to extract multi-scale features in images. MSAK-Net retains the skip connections in the U-Net, and embeds an upsampling module (UM) based on the attention mechanism in the decoding path, which can give the feature map a better expression of change information in both the channel dimension and the spatial dimension. Finally, the multimodal conditional random field (MCRF) is used to smooth the detection results of the MSAK-Net. Experimental results on two public multispectral datasets indicate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method when compared with other state-of-the-art methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14215368
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microbial Diversity and Community Composition of Duodenum Microbiota of High and Low Egg-Yielding Taihang Chickens Identified Using 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Life Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-08-18), p. 1262-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-08-18), p. 1262-
    Abstract: The duodenum is an important digestive organ for poultry and houses a variety of microbes that help chickens to enhance nutrient absorption and improve production. To evaluate the characteristic of gut microbiome, duodenum content samples from 42-week-old native Taihang chickens with high (H) and low (L) egg-yielding were collected for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis. Consequently, 1,361,341 sequences were clustered into 2055 OTUs, with percentages of affiliation of 96.50 and 57.30% at phylum and genus levels. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phylum, with a lower ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in H group than in L group (p 〈 0.05). At genus level, overrepresentation of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterim, and Enterococcus and underrepresentation of Romboutsia were found in H group. No significant difference in overall diversity of microbiota was observed between two groups. LEFSe analysis revealed Enterococcus was significantly enriched in H group. Importantly, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated. Functional prediction analysis showed the proportion of microbiota involved in the metabolism process was the highest and enriched in H group. Differences in microbiota composition between the two groups, which may be related to intestinal function difference, also provide promising biomarkers for improving laying hen production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life12081262
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reliability and Validity of the Defeat Scale among Internal Migrant Workers in China: Decadence and Low Sense of Achievement
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-03-07), p. 781-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-03-07), p. 781-
    Abstract: Introduction: Internal migrant workers have a great chance to experience defeat due to their low social status and economic situation. It has been reported that defeat might play a prospective role in predicting depression and anxiety; however, defeat is rarely explored among internal migrant workers due to the lack of appropriate measurement scales. The defeat scale (DS) can measure the feeling of defeat, social hierarchy reduction, and loss in social struggle. But its reliability and validity among internal migrant workers have not been reported. This study aimed to verify the content validity and structural validity of the DS among internal migrant workers in China and to explore its correlations with anxiety and depression. Methods: 1805 internal migrant workers (IMWs) were recruited by stratified multistage sampling from 16 factories in Shenzhen, China. The content validity index (CVI) was used to assess content validity. Cronbach’s coefficient alpha of each factor and the total scale were calculated to assess the reliability of DS. The scree test was used to determine the number of factors. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were estimated by calculating the average variance extracted and composite reliability. Logistic regression was performed to explore the effects of DS scores on anxiety and depression. Results: Mean score of DS among IMWs was 18.42 ± 9.40. There were 606 (33.6%) IMWs who were considered to have depression symptoms, and 524 (29.0%) IMWs were considered to have anxiety symptoms. A two-factor model was obtained and fitted well (CFI = 0.956, GFI = 0.932, IFI = 0.956, RMSEA = 0.068, SRMR = 0.052). Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for the DS was 0.92. Logistic regression showed that DS scores were positively associated with anxiety and depression among IMWs. Conclusions: DS performed well among IMWs on content validity and structural validity, and it was suitable as a measurement instrument to assess defeat among this population. Defeat was positively associated with anxiety and depression and might play an important role in the mental health of IMWs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060781
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 8
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    Untargeted Metabolomics Using UHPLC-HRMS Reveals Metabolic Changes of Fresh-Cut Potato during Browning Process
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2023-04-11), p. 3375-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2023-04-11), p. 3375-
    Abstract: Surface browning plays a major role in the quality loss of fresh-cut potatoes. Untargeted metabolomics were used to understand the metabolic changes of fresh-cut potato during the browning process. Their metabolites were profiled by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Data processing and metabolite annotation were completed by Compound Discoverer 3.3 software. Statistical analysis was applied to screen the key metabolites correlating with browning process. Fifteen key metabolites responsible for the browning process were putatively identified. Moreover, after analysis of the metabolic causes of glutamic acid, linolenic acid, glutathione, adenine, 12-OPDA and AMP, we found that the browning process of fresh-cut potatoes was related to the structural dissociation of the membrane, oxidation and reduction reaction and energy shortage. This work provides a reference for further investigation into the mechanism of browning in fresh-cut products.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083375
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reward Uncertainty and Expected Value Enhance Generalization of Episodic Memory
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 21 ( 2022-11-03), p. 14389-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 21 ( 2022-11-03), p. 14389-
    Abstract: Previous research has revealed some mechanisms underlying the generalization of reward expectation of generalization stimuli, but little is known about the generalization of episodic memory for rewarding events, its consolidation, and how reward components such as expected value and reward uncertainty affect it. Participants underwent a Pavlovian reward-conditioning task to test whether reward conditioning would enhance episodic memory generalization and which reward components would directly affect it. Counterbalanced across participants, one semantic category was paired with a reward, while the other was never paired. Following a delay of either 5 min or 24 h, participants took a memory test consisting of old, highly similar, and new items. We found that participants were more likely to falsely recognize lure items as old in the reward-paired category after 5 min and 24 h delays. These results indicate that reward conditioning enhanced the generalization of episodic memory, but this effect was not necessarily dependent on consolidation. The composite score and raw data of generalization further showed that the uncertainty and expected value enhanced generalization. Together, these findings revealed an effect of reward conditioning on episodic memory generalization and supported the enhancement effects of expected value and uncertainty.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114389
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Psychosocial Problems and Condomless Anal Sex among Transgender Women in Two Cities of China: Study Based on the Syndemic Framework
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 23 ( 2022-12-02), p. 16161-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 23 ( 2022-12-02), p. 16161-
    Abstract: Studies examining the association between psychosocial problems and condomless anal sex (CAS) among transgender women (TGW) are rare. In this study, close attention was paid to the effect of co-occurring psychosocial problems on sexual risk behaviors. A cross-sectional study, including 247 TGW, was conducted in Kunming and Shenyang, China. The prevalence of condomless anal sex among TGW in the previous 6 months was 30.8%. Most of the psychosocial factors were associated with one another in bivariate logistic regression models. Low self-esteem (ORm = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.25–7.18), sexual compulsivity (ORm = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.13–4.00), and intimate partner violence (ORm = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.19–4.11) were discovered to be related to condomless anal sex in the multivariate regression model. No significant interactive effects of the syndemic factors on condomless anal sex were detected. More programmatic and effective HIV prevention interventions targeting psychosocial problems are required to reduce HIV infection within the population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316161
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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