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  • MDPI AG  (39)
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  • MDPI AG  (39)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimization of High-Pressure Ultrasonic-Assisted Simultaneous Extraction of Six Major Constituents from Ligusticum chuanxiong Rhizome using Response Surface Methodology
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  Molecules Vol. 19, No. 2 ( 2014-02-10), p. 1887-1911
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 2 ( 2014-02-10), p. 1887-1911
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules19021887
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of TPX2 Gene Family in Upland Cotton and Its Functional Analysis in Cotton Fiber Development
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Genes Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2019-07-04), p. 508-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2019-07-04), p. 508-
    Abstract: Microtubules (MTs) are of importance to fiber development. The Xklp2 (TPX2) proteins as a class of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) play a key role in plant growth and development by regulating the dynamic changes of microtubules (MTs). However, the mechanism underlying this is unknown. The interactions between TPX2 proteins and tubulin protein, which are the main structural components, have not been studied in fiber development of upland cotton. Therefore, a genome-wide analysis of the TPX2 family was firstly performed in Gossypium hirsutum L. This study identified 41 GhTPX2 sequences in the assembled G. hirsutum genome by a series of bioinformatic methods. Generally, this gene family is phylogenetically grouped into six subfamilies, and 41 G. hirsutum TPX2 genes (GhTPX2s) are distributed across 21 chromosomes. A heatmap of the TPX2 gene family showed that homologous GhTPX2 genes, GhWDLA2/7 and GhWDLA4/9, have large differences in expression levels between two upland cotton recombinant inbred lines (69307 and 69362) that are different in fiber quality at 15 and 20 days post anthesis. The relative data indicate that these four genes are down-regulated under oryzalin, which causes microtubule depolymerization, as determined via qRT-PCR. A subcellular localization experiment suggested that GhWDLA2 and GhWDLA7 are localized to the microtubule cytoskeleton, and GhWDLA4 and GhWDLA9 are only localized to the nucleus. However, only GhWDLA7 between GhWDLA2 and GhWDLA7 interacted with GhTUA2 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. These results lay the foundation for further function study of the TPX2 gene family.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes10070508
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multidisciplinary Guidelines for the Rational Use of Topical Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Musculoskeletal Pain (2022)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-02-15), p. 1544-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-02-15), p. 1544-
    Abstract: (1) Background: Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the primary drugs for treating musculoskeletal pain. However, there are currently no evidence-based recommendations about drug selection, drug administration, drug interactions, and use in special populations or other pharmacology-related content of such medications. To this end, the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee developed multidisciplinary guidelines on using topical NSAIDs to treat musculoskeletal pain. (2) Methods: The guidelines development process followed the World Health Organization guideline development handbook, the GRADE methodology, and the statement of Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare. The guideline panel used the Delphi method to identify six clinical questions to be addressed in the guidelines. An independent systematic review team conducted a systematic search and integration of evidence. (3) Results: Based on the balance between the benefits and harms of an intervention, the quality of the evidence, patient preferences and values, and resource utilization, the guideline panel developed 11 recommendations and nine expert consensuses on using topical NSAIDs to treat acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain. (4) Conclusions: Based on the effectiveness and overall safety of topical NSAIDs, we recommend patients with musculoskeletal pain use topical NSAIDs and suggest high-risk patients use topical NSAIDs, such as those with other diseases or receiving other concurrent treatments. The evidenced-based guidelines on topical NSAIDs for musculoskeletal pain incorporated a pharmacist perspective. The guidelines have the potential to facilitate the rational use of topical NSAIDs. The guideline panel will monitor the relevant evidence and update the recommendations accordingly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041544
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Metacaspase Gene Family in Gossypium Species
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Genes Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2019-07-12), p. 527-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2019-07-12), p. 527-
    Abstract: Metacaspases (MCs) are cysteine proteases that are important for programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. In this study, we identified 89 MC genes in the genomes of four Gossypium species (Gossypium raimondii, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium hirsutum, and Gossypium arboreum), and classified them as type-I or type-II genes. All of the type-I and type-II MC genes contain a sequence encoding the peptidase C14 domain. During developmentally regulated PCD, type-II MC genes may play an important role related to fiber elongation, while type-I genes may affect the thickening of the secondary wall. Additionally, 13 genes were observed to be differentially expressed between two cotton lines with differing fiber strengths, and four genes (GhMC02, GhMC04, GhMC07, and GhMC08) were predominantly expressed in cotton fibers at 5–30 days post-anthesis (DPA). During environmentally induced PCD, the expression levels of four genes were affected in the root, stem, and leaf tissues within 6 h of an abiotic stress treatment. In general, the MC gene family affects the development of cotton fibers, including fiber elongation and fiber thickening while four prominent fiber- expressed genes were identified. The effects of the abiotic stress and hormone treatments imply that the cotton MC gene family may be important for fiber development. The data presented herein may form the foundation for future investigations of the MC gene family in Gossypium species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes10070527
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Deep Brain Stimulation Electrode Reconstruction: Comparison between Lead-DBS and Surgical Planning System
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-02-23), p. 1781-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-02-23), p. 1781-
    Abstract: Background: Electrode reconstruction for postoperative deep brain simulation (DBS) can be achieved manually using a surgical planning system such as Surgiplan, or in a semi-automated manner using software such as the Lead-DBS toolbox. However, the accuracy of Lead-DBS has not been thoroughly addressed. Methods: In our study, we compared the DBS reconstruction results of Lead-DBS and Surgiplan. We included 26 patients (21 with Parkinson’s disease and 5 with dystonia) who underwent subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS, and reconstructed the DBS electrodes using the Lead-DBS toolbox and Surgiplan. The electrode contact coordinates were compared between Lead-DBS and Surgiplan with postoperative CT and MRI. The relative positions of the electrode and STN were also compared between the methods. Finally, the optimal contact during follow-up was mapped onto the Lead-DBS reconstruction results to check for overlap between the contacts and the STN. Results: We found significant differences in all axes between Lead-DBS and Surgiplan with postoperative CT, with the mean variance for the X, Y, and Z coordinates being −0.13, −1.16, and 0.59 mm, respectively. Y and Z coordinates showed significant differences between Lead-DBS and Surgiplan with either postoperative CT or MRI. However, no significant difference in the relative distance of the electrode and the STN was found between the methods. All optimal contacts were located in the STN, with 70% of them located within the dorsolateral region of the STN in the Lead-DBS results. Conclusions: Although significant differences in electrode coordinates existed between Lead-DBS and Surgiplan, our results suggest that the coordinate difference was around 1 mm, and Lead-DBS can capture the relative distance between the electrode and the DBS target, suggesting it is reasonably accurate for postoperative DBS reconstruction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051781
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preparation of Chitosan-Based Hemostatic Sponges by Supercritical Fluid Technology
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  Materials Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2014-03-27), p. 2459-2473
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2014-03-27), p. 2459-2473
    Abstract: Using ammonium bicarbonate (AB) particles as a porogen, chitosan (CS)-based hemostatic porous sponges were prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide due to its low viscosity, small surface tension, and good compatibility with organic solvent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra demonstrated that the chemical compositions of CS and poly-(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) (PVM/MA) were not altered during the phase inversion process. The morphology and structure of the sponge after the supercritical fluid (SCF) process were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The resulting hemostatic sponges showed a relatively high porosity (about 80%) with a controllable pore size ranging from 0.1 to 200 µm. The concentration of PVM/MA had no significant influence on the porosity of the sponges. Comparative experiments on biological assessment and hemostatic effect between the resulting sponges and Avitene® were also carried out. With the incorporation of PVM/MA into the CS-based sponges, the water absorption rate of the sponges increased significantly, and the CS-PVM/MA sponges showed a similar water absorption rate (about 90%) to that of Avitene®. The results of the whole blood clotting experiment and animal experiment also demonstrated that the clotting ability of the CS-PVM/MA sponges was similar to that of Avitene®. All these results elementarily verified that the sponges prepared in this study were suitable for hemostasis and demonstrated the feasibility of using SCF-assisted phase inversion technology to produce hemostatic porous sponges.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma7042459
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Efficient Bayesian Method for Estimating the Degree of the Skewness of X Chromosome Inactivation Based on the Mixture of General Pedigrees and Unrelated Females
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-16), p. 543-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-16), p. 543-
    Abstract: Skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI-S) has been reported to be associated with some X-linked diseases. Several methods have been proposed to estimate the degree of XCI-S (denoted as γ) for quantitative and qualitative traits based on unrelated females. However, there is no method available for estimating γ based on general pedigrees. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a Bayesian method to obtain the point estimate and the credible interval of γ based on the mixture of general pedigrees and unrelated females (called mixed data for brevity), which is also suitable for only general pedigrees. We consider the truncated normal prior and the uniform prior for γ. Further, we apply the eigenvalue decomposition and Cholesky decomposition to our proposed methods to accelerate the computation speed. We conduct extensive simulation studies to compare the performances of our proposed methods and two existing Bayesian methods which are only applicable to unrelated females. The simulation results show that the incorporation of general pedigrees can improve the efficiency of the point estimation and the precision and the accuracy of the interval estimation of γ. Finally, we apply the proposed methods to the Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research data for their practical use.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom13030543
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparative Analysis of Mitogenomes among Five Species of Filchnerella (Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Pamphagidae) and Their Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Implications
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Insects Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2021-07-02), p. 605-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2021-07-02), p. 605-
    Abstract: Mitogenomes have been widely used for exploring phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic diagnosis. In this study, the complete mitogenomes of five species of Filchnerella were sequenced, annotated and analyzed. Then, combined with other seven mitogenomes of Filchnerella and four of Pamphagidae, the phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed by maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BI) methods based on PCGs+rRNAs. The sizes of the five complete mitogenomes are Filchnerella sunanensis 15,656 bp, Filchnerella amplivertica 15,657 bp, Filchnerella nigritibia 15,661 bp, Filchnerella pamphagoides 15,661 bp and Filchnerella dingxiensis 15,666 bp. The nucleotide composition of mitogenomes is biased toward A+T. All tRNAs could be folded into the typical clover-leaf structure, except that tRNA Ser (AGN) lacked a dihydrouridine (DHU) arm. The phylogenetic relationships of Filchnerella species based on mitogenome data revealed a general pattern of wing evolution from long wing to increasingly shortened wing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects12070605
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Systematic Investigation on the Damage Characteristics of Fish in Axial Flow Pumps
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Processes Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-10-30), p. 2228-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-10-30), p. 2228-
    Abstract: An axial flow pump is a kind of high-specific revolution vane pump that has the characteristics of large flow, low head, and high efficiency. Due to its unique properties, it is widely used in large water diversion projects, such as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. However, during the operation of the pump, some fish enter the axial flow pump together with the water flow through the screen before the entrance of the pump station. Consequently, some fish are inevitably damaged or even die in the process of traversing through the pump. Meanwhile, the decay of dead fish directly affects the quality of water, hence, posing serious ecological pollution and destabilizing the ecological balance. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of axial flow pumps in relation to fish species in water bodies for biodiversity and ecosystem services remain vital for nature conservation. In this paper, the impact of damage of the model pump on fish is exhaustively investigated according to the theory of blade impact model, impact probability, impact mortality, and mortality distribution under different working conditions. Through the simulation of the flow state inside the impeller, the areas that are lower than the pressure threshold, higher than the shear strain rate threshold, and higher than the pressure gradient threshold in the impeller at different flow rates are analyzed. Based on the unsteady results, the volume fluctuation characteristics of the three damage mechanisms in the impeller are analyzed. Furthermore, Powell vortex acoustic equation is used to locate the high noise source region of the axial flow pump. After extensive comparison of the dipole sound source intensity, it is revealed that the dipole noise source in the impeller and guide vane is dominant. In conclusion, this study provides a holistic perspective for evaluating fish damage caused by the flow in the impeller of the axial flow pump. Furthermore, it will proffer significant references to the construction of ecological water conservancy projects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr10112228
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial Analysis of the Fishing Behaviour of Tuna Purse Seiners in the Western and Central Pacific Based on Vessel Trajectory Data
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-03-15), p. 322-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-03-15), p. 322-
    Abstract: The Western and Central Pacific Oceans are the primary operational areas of tuna purse seiners worldwide. Describing and analysing the fishing behaviour of vessels is highly significant for the protection of sustainable tuna resources. This study uses Automatic Identification System (AIS) data of 130 tuna purse seiners from July 2017 to May 2018 and uses data mining methods to identify the operating status of tuna purse seiners; describes the spatial characteristics of fishing intensity and the distribution of hot spots; and analyses vessel spatial characteristics to describe their fishing behaviour. The results show that the tuna purse seiner speed has a marked bimodal distribution, which corresponds to high-speed transiting and low-speed seine operation. Additionally, from July to September 2017, the amount of fishing effort invested by tuna purse seiners was lower than that in other months. The tuna purse seiner activity range includes 120° E–60° W, 30° S–30° N, and the activities for fish and seine operations are primarily concentrated at 140° E–150° W, 15° S–15° N. There are differences between the space for fishing search operations and space where fishing events took place in each month. Spatial analysis shows that the high-speed transiting fishing effort map covers a large area, while seine fishing covers a small area. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the fishing effort devoted to searching for fish stocks has a spatial distribution pattern of aggregation and close aggregation. The results of a hot-spot analysis show that the hot spots on a heat map for finding fish, which are closely spatially clustered, correspond to vessels searching for fish concentration areas and seine operation areas. Correlation testing shows that under a 5° × 5° grid, there is a high positive correlation between the fishing effort invested in finding fish stocks and the yield data, nets (r 〉 0.8), and a moderate correlation with catch per unit of effort(CPUE) (r 〉 0.3). Based on vessel behaviour, the location of the fish school can be directly determined, and the distribution of fish clusters and fishing grounds can be predicted. This study can aid in managing tuna purse seiners in the Western and Central Pacific Oceans and analysing changes in fishery resources.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse9030322
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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