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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Factors Associated with Significant Platelet Count Improvement in Thrombocytopenic Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Receiving Direct-Acting Antivirals
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2022-02-07), p. 333-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2022-02-07), p. 333-
    Abstract: To clarify the predictive factors of significant platelet count improvement in thrombocytopenic chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. CHC patients with baseline platelet counts of 〈 150 × 103/μL receiving direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy with at least 12-weeks post-treatment follow-up (PTW12) were enrolled. Significant platelet count improvement was defined as a ≥10% increase in platelet counts at PTW12 from baseline. Platelet count evolution at treatment week 4, end-of-treatment, PTW12, and PTW48 was evaluated. This study included 4922 patients. Sustained virologic response after 12 weeks post-treatment was achieved in 98.7% of patients. Platelet counts from baseline, treatment week 4, and end-of-treatment to PTW12 were 108.8 ± 30.2, 121.9 ± 41.1, 123.1 ± 43.0, and 121.1 ± 40.8 × 103/μL, respectively. Overall, 2230 patients (45.3%) showed significant platelet count improvement. Multivariable analysis revealed that age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99–1.00, p = 0.01), diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06–1.38, p = 0.007), cirrhosis (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.58–0.75, p 〈 0.0001), baseline platelet counts (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–0.99, p 〈 0.0001), and baseline total bilirubin level (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71–0.91, p = 0.0003) were independent predictive factors of significant platelet count improvement. Subgroup analyses showed that patients with significant platelet count improvement and sustained virologic responses, regardless of advanced fibrosis, had a significant increase in platelet counts from baseline to treatment week 4, end-of-treatment, PTW12, and PTW48. Young age, presence of DM, absence of cirrhosis, reduced baseline platelet counts, and reduced baseline total bilirubin levels were associated with significant platelet count improvement after DAA therapy in thrombocytopenic CHC patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14020333
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 2
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    Clinicopathologic Features and Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Stage I, High-Risk Histology or High-Grade Endometrial Cancer after Primary Staging Surgery: A Taiwanese Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2018-09-04), p. 254-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2018-09-04), p. 254-
    Abstract: To investigate the clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes in patients with stage I, high-risk endometrial cancer. Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I, papillary serous, clear cell, or grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma treated between 2000 and 2012 were analyzed for the clinical and pathological factors in relation to prognosis. A total of 267 patients (stage IA; n = 175, stage IB; n = 92) were included. Among the clinicopathological features, stage and age were significant prognostic factors. The recurrence rate and overall survival for stage IB versus IA were 22.8% versus 9.1% (p = 0.003) and 149.7 months versus 201.8 months (p 〈 0.001), respectively. The patients 〉 60 years of age also had a higher recurrence rate (21.7% versus 9.7%, p = 0.008) and poorer survival (102.0 months versus 196.8 months, p = 0.001) than those ≤60 years of age. Distant recurrence (64.9%) occurred more frequently than local recurrence (24.3%) and local combined with distant recurrence (10.8%) (p 〈 0.001). The postoperative treatment modality had no impact on tumor recurrence rate, recurrence site, or overall survival. Distant recurrence is a major cause of treatment failure in patients with stage I, high-risk endometrial cancer. However, current adjuvant treatment appeared to have little effect in preventing its occurrence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090254
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
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    Quantification Analysis of Sleep Based on Smartwatch Sensors for Parkinson’s Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biosensors Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-27), p. 74-
    Details
    In: Biosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-27), p. 74-
    Abstract: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, a smartwatch-based sensor is utilized as a convenient tool to detect the abnormal RBD phenomenon in PD patients. Instead, a questionnaire with sleep quality assessment and sleep physiological indices, such as sleep stage, activity level, and heart rate, were measured in the smartwatch sensors. Therefore, this device can record comprehensive sleep physiological data, offering several advantages such as ubiquity, long-term monitoring, and wearable convenience. In addition, it can provide the clinical doctor with sufficient information on the patient’s sleeping patterns with individualized treatment. In this study, a three-stage sleep staging method (i.e., comprising sleep/awake detection, sleep-stage detection, and REM-stage detection) based on an accelerometer and heart-rate data is implemented using machine learning (ML) techniques. The ML-based algorithms used here for sleep/awake detection, sleep-stage detection, and REM-stage detection were a Cole–Kripke algorithm, a stepwise clustering algorithm, and a k-means clustering algorithm with predefined criteria, respectively. The sleep staging method was validated in a clinical trial. The results showed a statistically significant difference in the percentage of abnormal REM between the control group (1.6 ± 1.3; n = 18) and the PD group (3.8 ± 5.0; n = 20) (p = 0.04). The percentage of deep sleep stage in our results presented a significant difference between the control group (38.1 ± 24.3; n = 18) and PD group (22.0 ± 15.0, n = 20) (p = 0.011) as well. Further, our results suggested that the smartwatch-based sensor was able to detect the difference of an abnormal REM percentage in the control group (1.6 ± 1.3; n = 18), PD patient with clonazepam (2.0 ± 1.7; n = 10), and without clonazepam (5.7 ± 7.1; n = 10) (p = 0.007). Our results confirmed the effectiveness of our sensor in investigating the sleep stage in PD patients. The sensor also successfully determined the effect of clonazepam on reducing abnormal REM in PD patients. In conclusion, our smartwatch sensor is a convenient and effective tool for sleep quantification analysis in PD patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bios12020074
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662125-3
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  • 4
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    The Exact Groundwater Divide on Water Table between Two Rivers: A Fundamental Model Investigation
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Water Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-04-02), p. 685-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-04-02), p. 685-
    Abstract: The groundwater divide within a plane has long been delineated as a water table ridge composed of the local top points of a water table. This definition has not been examined well for river basins. We developed a fundamental model of a two-dimensional unsaturated–saturated flow in a profile between two rivers. The exact groundwater divide can be identified from the boundary between two local flow systems and compared with the top of a water table. It is closer to the river of a higher water level than the top of a water table. The catchment area would be overestimated (up to ~50%) for a high river and underestimated (up to ~15%) for a low river by using the top of the water table. Furthermore, a pass-through flow from one river to another would be developed below two local flow systems when the groundwater divide is significantly close to a high river.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w11040685
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 5
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    Hydrogen Gas Alleviates Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Renal Injury through Reducing Iron Overload
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2019-03-26), p. 1184-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2019-03-26), p. 1184-
    Abstract: Iron-induced oxidative stress has been found to be a central player in the pathogenesis of kidney injury. Recent studies have indicated H2 can be used as a novel antioxidant to protect cells. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of H2 against chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced renal injury and its correlation mechanism involved in iron metabolism. We found that CIH-induced renal iron overloaded along with increased apoptosis and oxidative stress. Iron accumulates mainly occurred in the proximal tubule epithelial cells of rats as showed by Perl’s stain. Moreover, we found that CIH could promote renal transferrin receptor and divalent metal transporter-1 expression, inhibit ceruloplasmin expression. Renal injury, apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by CIH were strikingly attenuated in H2 treated rats. In conclusion, hydrogen may attenuate CIH-induced renal injury at least partially via inhibiting renal iron overload.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061184
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
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    Lipid Dynamics, Identification, and Expression Patterns of Fatty Acid Synthase Genes in an Endoparasitoid, Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 17 ( 2020-08-28), p. 6228-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 17 ( 2020-08-28), p. 6228-
    Abstract: In insect parasitoids, fatty acid synthases (FASs) have received less attention and their roles associated with lipogenesis loss are far from clear. Meteorus pulchricornis is a solitary endoparasitoid wasp of many larvae of lepidopteran pests. The lipid content during developmental stages of M. pulchricornis was measured; it was higher in the larval and pupal stages but declined from six-day-old pupae. Lipid accumulation constantly decreased in the adult stage, even after feeding on honey solutions. To investigate the roles of FASs in lipid synthesis in M. pulchricornis, four FAS genes (MpulFAS1~4) were identified from the transcriptome database of M. pulchricornis. All FAS genes included full-length open reading frames and shared 72–79% similarity with the sequences of Microplitis demolitor. qRT-PCR validation showed that all four FASs had the highest expression after the adult wasps were fed on honey diets. MpulFAS1 and MpulFAS2 reached their expression peaks at the adult stage but MpulFAS3 and MpulFAS4 peaked at the larval stage. To further study the function of FASs, dsRNA injection knocked down the expression of four MpulFASs and resulted in a significant decline of lipid content at the adult stage in M. pulchricornis. Results from this study suggest that M. pulchricornis adults cannot accumulate lipid content effectively and FASs may still contribute to lipid synthesis in the adult stage. This broadens the knowledge on the ability of lipid synthesis in parasitoid wasps and provides insight into the roles of FASs in insects with parasitic life-history traits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176228
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 7
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    Antibacterial Activity of Ferulic Acid Ester against Ralstonia solanacearum and Its Synergy with Essential Oils
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 24 ( 2022-12-07), p. 16348-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 24 ( 2022-12-07), p. 16348-
    Abstract: Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the ten most harmful plant bacteria worldwide, and traditional agrochemicals are not very effective in controlling this pathogen. Moreover, excessive pesticides always bring organic residues and resistant strains, which cause the unsustainability of the environment. In this paper, ferulic acid and essential oils are used as antibacterial materials. These compounds are natural substances with low toxicity and environmental safety. Through the structural optimization and the analysis of binary combined bacteriostatic efficiency, the MIC values of chlorobutyl ferulate (2e) and peppermint essential oil (EO1) were 0.64 mg/mL and 2.02 mg/mL, respectively, and the MIC value of 2e-EO1 (mass ratio 1:1.5) was 0.40 mg/mL. The growth rate of bacteria treated with 2e-EO1 was inhibited, the OD590nm value of cell membrane decreased by 57.83%, and the expression levels of hrpB, pehC, pilT, polA, aceE, egl, and phcA were downregulated to 18.81%, 30.50%, 14.00%, 44.90%, 86.79%, 23.90%, and 27.56%, respectively. The results showed that 2e-EO1 had a synergistic inhibitory effect against R. solanacearum. It significantly affected the formation of the bacterial cell membrane and the expression of pathogenic genes. Consequently, 2e-EO1 provides the potential to become a green pesticide and can promote the sustainability of the agricultural ecological environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su142416348
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
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    Verification of Saliva Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 as a Strong Diagnostic Marker of Oral Cavity Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2020-08-13), p. 2273-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2020-08-13), p. 2273-
    Abstract: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 〉 90% of cases of oral cancer, including cancer at the lip and oral cavity and cancer at the oropharynx. Most OSCCs develop from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which consist of heterogeneous lesions with different malignant transformation potentials that make early detection of OSCC a challenge. Using a targeted mass spectrometry-based assay to compare multiple candidate proteins, we previously identified matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) as one of the most promising salivary OSCC biomarkers. To explore the clinical utility of MMP-1 in OSCC detection, we developed an in-house, sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring MMP-1 content, and tested it on saliva samples from 1160 subjects (313 healthy controls, and 578 OPMD and 269 OSCC patients) collected at two medical centers. Salivary MMP-1 levels measured by our in-house ELISA significantly discriminated OSCC patients from non-cancerous groups. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that MMP-1 was effective in separating non-cancer groups from patients with OSCCs at the oral cavity. Additionally, salivary MMP-1 levels in oral cavity cancer patients were highly correlated with tumor progression (tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and overall stage). Collectively, our results indicate that salivary MMP-1 is an effective biomarker for OSCC that can be sensitively detected using our newly developed ELISA. The newly developed MMP-1 ELISA may be used as a new adjunctive tool to aid in detecting and monitoring OSCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082273
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 9
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    Identification, Characterization, and Functional Analysis of Chitin Synthase Genes in Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 13 ( 2020-06-30), p. 4656-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 13 ( 2020-06-30), p. 4656-
    Abstract: Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (G. pyloalis) causes significant damage to mulberry every year, and we currently lack effective and environmentally friendly ways to control the pest. Chitin synthase (CHS) is a critical regulatory enzyme related to chitin biosynthesis, which plays a vital role in the growth and development of insects. The function of CHS in G. pyloalis, however, has not been studied. In this study, two chitin synthase genes (GpCHSA and GpCHSB) were screened from our previously created transcriptome database. The complete coding sequences of the two genes are 5,955 bp and 5,896 bp, respectively. Expression of GpCHSA and GpCHSB could be detected throughout all developmental stages. Relatively high expression levels of GpCHSA occurred in the head and integument and GpCHSB was most highly expressed in the midgut. Moreover, silencing of GpCHSA and GpCHSB using dsRNA reduced expression of downstream chitin metabolism pathway genes and resulted in abnormal development and wings stretching, but did not affect normal pupating of larvae. Furthermore, the inhibitor of chitin synthesis diflubenzuron (DFB) was used to further validate the RNAi result. DFB treatment significantly improved expression of GpCHSA, except GpCHSB, and their downstream genes, and also effected G. Pyloali molting at 48 h (62% mortality rate) and 72 h (90% mortality rate), respectively. These results show that GpCHSA and GpCHSB play critical roles in the development and wing stretching in G. pyloalis adults, indicating that the genes are attractive potential pest control targets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134656
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 10
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    Characterization and Functional Analysis of trehalase Related to Chitin Metabolism in Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Insects Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-04-20), p. 370-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-04-20), p. 370-
    Abstract: Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (G. pyloalis) is a serious pest on mulberry. Due to the increasing pesticide resistance, the development of new and effective environmental methods to control G. pyloalis is needed. Trehalase is an essential enzyme in trehalose hydrolysis and energy supply, and it has been considered a promising target for insect pest control. However, the specific function of trehalase in G. pyloalis has not been reported. In this study, two trehalase genes (GpTre1 and GpTre2) were identified from our previous transcriptome database. The functions of the trehalase in chitin metabolism were studied by injecting larvae with dsRNAs and trehalase inhibitor, Validamycin A. The open reading frames (ORFs) of GpTre1 and GpTre2 were 1,704 bp and 1,869 bp, which encoded 567 and 622 amino acid residues, respectively. Both of GpTre1 and GpTre2 were mainly expressed in the head and midgut. The highest expression levels of them were in 5th instar during different development stages. Moreover, knockdown both of GpTre1 and GpTre2 by the dsRNAs led to significantly decreased expression of chitin metabolism pathway-related genes, including GpCHSA, GpCDA1, GpCDA2, GpCHT3a, GpCHT7, GpCHSB, GpCHT-h, GpCHT3b, GpPAGM, and GpUAP, and abnormal phenotypes. Furthermore, the trehalase inhibitor, Validamycin A, treatment increased the expressions of GpTre1 and GpTre2, increased content of trehalose, and decreased the levels of glycogen and glucose. Additionally, the inhibitor caused a significantly increased cumulative mortality of G. pyloalis larvae on the 2nd (16%) to 6th (41.3%) day, and decreased the rate of cumulative pupation (72.3%) compared with the control group (95.6%). After the activities of trehalase were suppressed, the expressions of 6 integument chitin metabolism-related genes decreased significantly at 24 h and increased at 48 h. The expressions of GpCHSB and GpCHT-h, involved in chitin metabolism pathway of peritrophic membrane in the midgut, increased at 24 h and 48 h, and there were no changes to GpCHT3b and GpPAGM. These results reveal that GpTre1 and GpTre2 play an essential role in the growth of G. pyloalis by affecting chitin metabolism, and this provides useful information for insect pest control in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects12040370
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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