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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SARS-CoV-2: An Overview of the Genetic Profile and Vaccine Effectiveness of the Five Variants of Concern
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-04-26), p. 516-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-04-26), p. 516-
    Abstract: With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, enormous efforts have been made to understand the genus SARS-CoV-2. Due to the high rate of global transmission, mutations in the viral genome were inevitable. A full understanding of the viral genome and its possible changes represents one of the crucial aspects of pandemic management. Structural protein S plays an important role in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, mutations occurring at this level leading to viral forms with increased affinity for ACE2 receptors, higher transmissibility and infectivity, resistance to neutralizing antibodies and immune escape, increasing the risk of infection and disease severity. Thus, five variants of concern are currently being discussed, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron. In the present review, a comprehensive summary of the following critical aspects regarding SARS-CoV-2 has been made: (i) the genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2; (ii) the pathological mechanism of transmission, penetration into the cell and action on specific receptors; (iii) mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome; and (iv) possible implications of mutations in diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050516
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Postmortem Documentation of SARS-CoV-2 in Utero and Postpartum Transmission, through Amniotic Fluid, Placental, and Pulmonary Tissue RT-PCR
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2021-10-13), p. 9505-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2021-10-13), p. 9505-
    Abstract: The physiopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, during pregnancy and in early childhood, is poorly understood. Unfavorable maternal outcomes, the risk of vertical/postpartum transmission, and severe, multisystem involvement in infants and children highlight the importance of developing a cohesive treatment and nuanced prophylaxis strategy. In this study, we evaluate autopsy reports, pathological findings, and SARS-CoV-2 genome expression in three distinct clinical scenarios: maternal death due to severe COVID-19 with in utero fetal demise (27 weeks); mother with moderate COVID-19 and in utero fetal demise (29 weeks); and 2-month-old infant death with confirmed COVID-19 caregivers. We report the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in amniotic fluid and placental tissue in the context of in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but also in postmortem infant pulmonary tissue samples in a case of late postpartum SARS-CoV-2 transmission with asymptomatic, rapidly progressive disease, resulting in infant death. Key pathological findings offer a descriptive portrayal of maternal, in utero, and infantile COVID-19 pathogenesis. Further investigations are necessary to fully comprehend the clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, a prerequisite for adequate therapeutic management and harm reduction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11209505
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phenological and Environmental Factors’ Impact on Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plant Cotinus coggygria Scop.
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2023-04-25), p. 1762-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2023-04-25), p. 1762-
    Abstract: Cotinus coggygria Scop. (smoketree) is a phytotherapeutically valuable shrub growing in specific areas in many Eurasian countries. Exploring the intrinsic and extrinsic (abiotic) factors that modulate its secondary metabolism has fundamental and applicative importance. Three smoketree plants from the same population were studied for a period of 4.5 months. Their extracts were characterized using LC–MS/MS, HPLC–UV–VIS–DAD and colorimetric assays to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant potential. Multivariate analysis was applied to correlate the metabolomic data with registered habitat variables and phenological stages. The identified and quantified compounds belonged to the flavonoids (myricetin-3-O-galactoside, myricitrin) and hydrolysable tannins groups (pentagalloyl glucose, methyl gallate, methyl digallate I). Phenolic compounds and tannins were synthesized abundantly in the flowering and fruit stages, whereas flavonoids and triterpenes accumulated during senescence. The antioxidant activities varied between detection methods, samplings and individuals and were only punctually correlated with the compound contents in certain phenological stages. Based on the HCAbp analysis, the samples clustered under four groups, according to their metabolic profile. The CCA analysis revealed that during the reproductive stages (flower, fruit or seed), the secondary metabolism of the plants’ leaves is sensitive to the action of abiotic factors, while in senescence, the metabolic content is according to the phenological phase. This study provides a first attempt at understanding the interplay between the habitat and the metabolome of smoketree.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12091762
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    A Retrospective Assessment of Sputum Samples and Antimicrobial Resistance in COVID-19 Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-04-19), p. 620-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-04-19), p. 620-
    Abstract: Data on bacterial or fungal pathogens and their impact on the mortality rates of Western Romanian COVID-19 patients are scarce. As a result, the purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of bacterial and fungal co- and superinfections in Western Romanian adults with COVID-19, hospitalized in in-ward settings during the second half of the pandemic, and its distribution according to sociodemographic and clinical conditions. The unicentric retrospective observational study was conducted on 407 eligible patients. Expectorate sputum was selected as the sampling technique followed by routine microbiological investigations. A total of 31.5% of samples tested positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by 26.2% having co-infections with Klebsiella pneumoniae among patients admitted with COVID-19. The third most common Pathogenic bacteria identified in the sputum samples was Escherichia coli, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii in 9.3% of samples. Commensal human pathogens caused respiratory infections in 67 patients, the most prevalent being Streptococcus penumoniae, followed by methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 53.4% of sputum samples tested positive for Candida spp., followed by 41.1% of samples with Aspergillus spp. growth. The three groups with positive microbial growth on sputum cultures had an equally proportional distribution of patients admitted to the ICU, with an average of 30%, compared with only 17.3% among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with negative sputum cultures (p = 0.003). More than 80% of all positive samples showed multidrug resistance. The high prevalence of bacterial and fungal co-infections and superinfections in COVID-19 patients mandates for strict and effective antimicrobial stewardship and infection control policies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040620
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Blue-Light Laser Irradiation on the Enzymatic Activities and Sporulation of Trichoderma atroviride Grown on Rice Husks
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2023-08-12), p. 9191-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2023-08-12), p. 9191-
    Abstract: Light is known to impact various aspects of Trichoderma, with possible implications for industrial and agricultural applications. In this study, we investigated the irradiation of Trichoderma atroviride with blue light using a laser source system. We determined the cellulase and protease activities and the effects of UV–Vis absorption of the filtrated culture on conidia formation, dimension, and behavior, and on the apparent chlamydospore abundance, as a function of irradiation duration, dose of irradiation, and moment of irradiation. We show that the effects on the enzymatic activities range from positive to neutral to negative. Compared with previous studies, our stimulation with light does not show a drastic negative effect on the cellulase (CMC-ase) activity, but it seems to delay the maximum activity over time. The effects on the proteases are partially in agreement with the only previous study reported for the light effects on protease activity. The number of conidia is increased upon irradiation, representing an expected behavior, and we show for the first time to the best of our knowledge that the conidia dimensions and chlamydospore number also increase. Our data also suggest that the highest dose resulted in the conidia clustering around the liquid–air interface, suggesting an increased hydrophobic character.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app13169191
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Thiazolyl-triazole Schiff Bases: Synthesis and Evaluation of the Anti-Candida Potential
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Molecules Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2016-11-22), p. 1595-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2016-11-22), p. 1595-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111595
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Application of Surface-Modified Nanoclay in a Hybrid Adsorption-Ultrafiltration Process for Enhanced Nitrite Ions Removal: Chemometric Approach vs. Machine Learning
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-02-10), p. 697-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-02-10), p. 697-
    Abstract: Herein, we report the results of a study on combining adsorption and ultrafiltration in a single-stage process to remove nitrite ions from contaminated water. As adsorbent, a surface-modified nanoclay was employed (i.e., Nanomer® I.28E, containing 25–30 wt. % trimethyl stearyl ammonium). Ultrafiltration experiments were conducted using porous polymeric membranes (Ultracel® 10 kDa). The hybrid process of adsorption-ultrafiltration was modeled and optimized using three computational tools: (1) response surface methodology (RSM), (2) artificial neural network (ANN), and (3) support vector machine (SVM). The optimal conditions provided by machine learning (SVM) were found to be the best, revealing a rejection efficiency of 86.3% and an initial flux of permeate of 185 LMH for a moderate dose of the nanoclay (0.674% w/v). Likewise, a new and more retentive membrane (based on PVDF-HFP copolymer and halloysite (HS) inorganic nanotubes) was produced by the phase-inversion method, characterized by SEM, EDX, AFM, and FTIR techniques, and then tested under optimal conditions. This new composite membrane (PVDF-HFP/HS) with a thickness of 112 μm and a porosity of 75.32% unveiled an enhanced rejection efficiency (95.0%) and a lower initial flux of permeate (28 LMH). Moreover, molecular docking simulations disclosed the intermolecular interactions between nitrite ions and the functional moiety of the organonanoclay.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano13040697
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Cardio Protective Effects of Lipid Emulsion against Ropivacaine-Induced Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity—An Experimental Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-15), p. 2784-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-15), p. 2784-
    Abstract: Inadvertent intravascular injection of local anesthetics (LA) during regional anesthesia causes Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST). Theories of lipid rescue in the case of LAST proved that the administration of lipids in LAST has beneficial effects. One possible mechanism of action is based on the lipophilic properties of LA which allow plasma-free LA to be bound by the molecules of Lipid Emulsion (LE). The association LA–LE is shuttled towards organs such as liver and the kidneys, and the half-life of LA is shortened. The main objective of this experimental study was to assess the possible cardio-prophylactic effect of LE administration before the induction of LAST by intravenous administration of Ropivacaine. This was an experimental, interventional, prospective, and non-randomized study. The subjects were divided into groups and received, under general anesthesia, LE 20% first 0.3–0.4 mL, followed by 0.1 mL Ropivacaine 2 mg/mL, or Ropivacaine alone. At the end of the experiment, the subjects were sacrificed, and tissue samples of kidney, heart and liver were harvested for histopathological examination. LE, when administered as prophylaxis in Ropivacaine-induced LAST, had protective cardiac effects in rats. The LE known side effects were not produced if the substance was administered in the low doses used for LAST prophylaxis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102784
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Evidence of Pulmonary Hypertension after SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Subjects without Previous Significant Cardiovascular Pathology
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-01-07), p. 199-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-01-07), p. 199-
    Abstract: Background: Coronavirus (Covid-19) infection represents a serious medical condition, often associated with cardiovascular complications, pulmonary hypertension (PH), and right ventricle dysfunction (RVD). The aim of this study is to show, by means of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), the presence of an increased estimated systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery (esPAP) and altered right ventricular global longitudinal strain (RV-GLS) in patients without history of PH. Methods: In a group of 91 patients, aged under 55 years, hospitalized for a moderate Covid-19 infection, a thorough cardiologic and TTE examination were performed two months after discharge. Their initial thorax computer-tomography (TCT) images and laboratory data were accessed from the electronic data base of the hospital. Results: We observed an increased prevalence of PH (7.69%) and RVD (10.28%), significantly correlated with the initial levels of the TCT score and inflammatory factors (p ˂ 0.001), but borderline changes were observed in more patients. Multivariate regression analysis showed that these factors and RV-GLS explain 89.5% of elevated esPAP. Conclusions: In COVID-19 infection, PH and RVD are common complications, being encountered after the recovery even in moderate cases. It appears to be a connection between their severity and the extent of the initial pulmonary injury and of the inflammatory response.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020199
    DOI: 10.37473/dac/10.3390/jcm10020199
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Connections between Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome and the Outcome of Cardiac Dysfunctions Diagnosed during the Recovery from COVID-19 in Patients without a Previous History of Cardiovascular Diseases
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biology Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-02-26), p. 370-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-02-26), p. 370-
    Abstract: (1) Background: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, it became obvious that individuals suffering with obesity, diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome (MS) frequently developed persisting cardiovascular complications, which were partially able to explain the onset of the long-COVID-19 syndrome. (2) Methods: Our aim was to document, by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), the presence of cardiac alterations in 112 patients suffering from post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and T2DM, MS, and/or obesity, in comparison to 91 individuals without metabolic dysfunctions (MD); (3) Results: in patients with MD, TTE borderline/abnormal left (LVF) and/or right ventricular function (RVF), alongside diastolic dysfunction (DD), were more frequently evidenced, when compared to controls (p ˂ 0.001). Statistically significant associations between TTE parameters and the number of factors defining MS, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the number of persisting symptoms (p ˂ 0.001) were noted. Significant predictive values for the initial C-reactive protein and TyG index levels, both for the initial and the 6-month follow-up levels of these TTE abnormalities (p ˂ 0.001), were highlighted by means of a multivariate regression analysis. (4) Conclusions: in diabetic patients with MS and/or obesity with comorbid post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, a comprehensive TTE delineates various cardiovascular alterations, when compared with controls. After 6 months, LVF and RVF appeared to normalize, however, the DD—although somewhat improved—did persist in approximately a quarter of patients with MD, possibly due to chronic myocardial changes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology12030370
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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