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  • MDPI AG  (132)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Dahlia imperialis (Asteraceae): Comparative Analysis and Phylogenetic Relationships
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Horticulturae Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-12-20), p. 7-
    Details
    In: Horticulturae, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-12-20), p. 7-
    Abstract: The genus Dahlia has approximately 40 species; however, the complete chloroplast genome has been reported only for one species. Due to this lack of information on the chloroplast genomes, the phylogenetic relationships within the Dahlia genus remain unclear. Therefore, the present study sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of D. imperialis for the first time. This genome was 152,084 bp long with a typical quadripartite structure and a GC content of 38.45%. A total of 134 genes were annotated in the genome, including 86 protein-coding genes, 38 transfer RNA genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes, and 2 pseudogenes. The detailed analysis identified UUA as the most frequently used codon and found 62 intergenic repeat sequences and 157 SSR loci in the D. imperialis genome. Phylogenetic analysis based on 49 chloroplast genomes showed that Dahlia was a monophyletic group, with D. imperialis positioned at the base of this clade. Network evolution and gene flow analysis unveiled extensive hybridization events within the Heliantheae alliance, especially in Dahlia. Thus, the comprehensive analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of D. imperialis enriches the information on the genetic resources of the Dahlia species, provides valuable information for reconstructing their phylogeny, and reveals the evolutionary dynamics of the Dahlia chloroplast genome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-7524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010007
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813983-5
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  • 2
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    Research on the Properties of Zein, Soy Protein Isolate, and Wheat Gluten Protein-Based Films Containing Cellulose Nanocrystals
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-27), p. 3010-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-27), p. 3010-
    Abstract: Plant protein films are a research hotpot in the current food packaging field for their renewable and bio-compatibility, and further improving the physicochemical properties of plant protein films in combination with biodegradable materials is of great significance. In this study, we selected cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) to modify the protein films with soybean protein isolate (SPI), wheat gluten protein (WGP), and Zein, and the physicochemical properties were studied. The results showed that the hardness and opacity of Zein-based films decreased by 16.61% and 54.12% with the incorporation of CNC, respectively. The SPI-based films performed with lower hardness and higher tensile strength. The thickness and opacity of WGP-based films increased by 39.76% and 214.38% after combination with CNC, respectively. Accordingly, this study showed that CNC could largely modify the physicochemical properties of the plant protein films, which provided a reference for the preparation of modified plant protein films using biodegradable materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11193010
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 3
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    Alkaloid Derivative (Z)-3β-Ethylamino-Pregn-17(20)-en Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis and Angiogenesis by Targeting HSP90α
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 20 ( 2022-10-21), p. 7132-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 20 ( 2022-10-21), p. 7132-
    Abstract: Metastasis is an important cause of cancer-related death. Previous studies in our laboratory found that pregnane alkaloids from Pachysandra terminalis had antimetastatic activity against breast cancer cells. In the current study, we demonstrated that treatment with one of the alkaloid derivatives, (Z)-3β-ethylamino-pregn-17(20)-en (1), led to the downregulation of the HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway, suppressed the phosphorylation of downstream molecules Akt, mTOR, FAK, and inhibited breast cancer metastasis and angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the antimetastasis and antiangiogenesis effects of 1 treatment (40 mg/kg) were more effective than that of Sorafenib (50 mg/kg). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis was performed and the result suggested that HSP90α was a direct target of 1. Taken together, our results suggested that compound 1 might represent a candidate antitumor agent for metastatic breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207132
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
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    Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Volatile Organic Compounds in an Industrial Area at the Zhejiang–Shanghai Boundary, China
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2024-02-18), p. 237-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2024-02-18), p. 237-
    Abstract: As “fuel” for atmospheric photochemical reactions, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a key role in the secondary generation of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5, an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm). To determine the characteristics of VOCs in a high-level ozone period, comprehensive monitoring of O3 and its precursors (VOCs and NOx) was continuously conducted in an industrial area in Shanghai from 18 August to 30 September 2021. During the observation period, the average concentration of VOCs was 47.33 ppb, and alkanes (19.64 ppb) accounted for the highest proportion of TVOCs, followed by oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) (13.61 ppb), alkenes (6.92 ppb), aromatics (4.65 ppb), halogenated hydrocarbons (1.60 ppb), and alkynes (0.91 ppb). Alkenes were the predominant components that contributed to the ozone formation potential (OFP), while aromatics such as xylene, toluene, and ethylbenzene contributed the most to the secondary organic aerosol production potential (SOAFP). During the study period, O3, NOx, and VOCs showed significant diurnal variations. Industrial processes were the main source of VOCs, and the second largest source of VOCs was vehicle exhaust. While the largest contribution to OFP was from vehicle exhaust, the second largest contribution was from liquid petroleum gas (LPG). High potential source contribution function (PSCF) values were observed in western and southeastern areas near the sampling sites. The results of a health risk evaluation showed that the Hazard Index was less than 1 and there was no non-carcinogenic risk, but 1,3-butadiene, benzene, chloroform, 1,2-dibromoethane, and carbon tetrachloride pose a potential carcinogenic risk to the population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos15020237
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
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    Polyploid Induction and Karyotype Analysis of Dendrobium officinale
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Horticulturae Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2023-03-02), p. 329-
    Details
    In: Horticulturae, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2023-03-02), p. 329-
    Abstract: Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is an orchid with both medicinal and edible values and a high economic value. The wild resources of D. officinale are in an endangered state. Compared with the wild D. officinale, cultivated D. officinale exhibits inferior quality and a low content of medicinal components. Polyploid induction is a conventional breeding tool for genome doubling of species, which can effectively increase the total amount of plant components to improve the medicinal efficacy of D. officinale. In this study, D. officinale tetraploids were generated by treating the protocorms with colchicine. Morphological observations showed that tetraploids exhibited decreased plant size and leaf shape index and increased stem diameter. Cytological observations showed that the polyploid plants had larger stomata and a lower number of stomata per unit area compared with normal plants. The highest stomata variation of 30.00% was observed when the plant was treated with 0.3% colchicine for 24 h. Chromosomal observations showed that treatment of plants with 0.2% colchicine for 48 h resulted in the highest tetraploid induction rate of 10.00%. A total of 10 tetraploids were successfully obtained by inducing plant protoplasts with colchicine. The number of diploid D. officinale chromosomes was 38 with a base number of 19, and the karyotype formula was 2n = 2x = 38 = 24m + 14sm with a karyotype asymmetry coefficient of 60.59%, belonging to type 2B. The number of tetraploid D. officinale chromosomes was 76 with a base number of 19, and the karyotype formula was 2n = 4x = 76 = 58m + 18sm with a karyotype asymmetry coefficient of 60.04%, belonging to type 2B. This study determined the optimal mutagenesis treatment based on the chromosome observation results, investigated the relationship between the phenotype and ploidy level, and generated the polyploid germplasm of D. officinale, thereby laying the foundation for the breeding of new D. officinale cultivars enriched with compounds of medicinal value.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-7524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9030329
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813983-5
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  • 6
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    Family Functioning and Adolescent Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Bullying Victimization and Resilience
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Behavioral Sciences Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2024-08-01), p. 664-
    Details
    In: Behavioral Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2024-08-01), p. 664-
    Abstract: This study aimed to understand the current state of adolescent mental health, explore the mediating effect of bullying victimization and resilience in the relationship between adolescent family functioning and mental health, and investigate gender differences in this association. A total of 4319 students (2347 boys and 1972 girls) completed the questionnaire. Mediating effects were analyzed using the framework of structural equation modeling and bootstrapping. The results revealed that family functioning is significantly associated with adolescent mental health, and that bullying victimization and resilience have significant independent and chain mediating effects on this relationship. Multiple group analysis revealed that the independent mediating role of resilience was more significant for male adolescents. Furthermore, the chain-mediated effects of bullying victimization and resilience were observed only in the relationship between family functioning and mental health in male adolescents. To improve the mental health of adolescents, special attention should be given to the impact of family life on adolescents’ school life. Early detection and intervention for adolescents with poor family functioning are also important to effectively prevent bullying victimization and reduce the emergence of mental health problems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-328X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bs14080664
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651997-5
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  • 7
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    Comparative Analysis of the Major Chemical Constituents in Salvia miltiorrhiza Roots, Stems, Leaves and Flowers during Different Growth Periods by UPLC-TQ-MS/MS and HPLC-ELSD Methods
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Molecules Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2017-05-10), p. 771-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2017-05-10), p. 771-
    Abstract: Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine containing multiple components that contribute to its notable bioactivities. This article investigated the distribution and dynamic changes of chemical constituents in various parts of S. miltiorrhiza from different growth periods. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-TQ-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) methods were developed for accurate determination of 24 compounds (including phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and saccharides) in S. miltiorrhiza. The established methods were validated with good linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery. Results indicated that there were category and quantity discrepancies in different parts of the plant, for the roots mainly contained salvianolic acids and tanshinones, and most of the saccharides are stachyose. In the aerial parts, salvianolic acids, flavonoids, and triterpenes, except the tanshinones, were detected, and the saccharides were mainly monosaccharides. Dynamic accumulation analysis suggested the proper harvest time for S. miltiorrhiza Bunge was the seedling stage in spring, and for the aerial parts was July to August. This study provided valuable information for the development and utilization value of the aerial parts of S. miltiorrhiza and was useful for determining the optimal harvest time of the plant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050771
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
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    A Comprehensive Survey of Vision-Based Human Action Recognition Methods
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2019-02-27), p. 1005-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2019-02-27), p. 1005-
    Abstract: Although widely used in many applications, accurate and efficient human action recognition remains a challenging area of research in the field of computer vision. Most recent surveys have focused on narrow problems such as human action recognition methods using depth data, 3D-skeleton data, still image data, spatiotemporal interest point-based methods, and human walking motion recognition. However, there has been no systematic survey of human action recognition. To this end, we present a thorough review of human action recognition methods and provide a comprehensive overview of recent approaches in human action recognition research, including progress in hand-designed action features in RGB and depth data, current deep learning-based action feature representation methods, advances in human–object interaction recognition methods, and the current prominent research topic of action detection methods. Finally, we present several analysis recommendations for researchers. This survey paper provides an essential reference for those interested in further research on human action recognition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19051005
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
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    CMOS Scaling for the 5 nm Node and Beyond: Device, Process and Technology
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2024-05-09), p. 837-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2024-05-09), p. 837-
    Abstract: After more than five decades, Moore’s Law for transistors is approaching the end of the international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS). The fate of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) architecture has become increasingly unknown. In this era, 3D transistors in the form of gate-all-around (GAA) transistors are being considered as an excellent solution to scaling down beyond the 5 nm technology node, which solves the difficulties of carrier transport in the channel region which are mainly rooted in short channel effects (SCEs). In parallel to Moore, during the last two decades, transistors with a fully depleted SOI (FDSOI) design have also been processed for low-power electronics. Among all the possible designs, there are also tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs), which offer very low power consumption and decent electrical characteristics. This review article presents new transistor designs, along with the integration of electronics and photonics, simulation methods, and continuation of CMOS process technology to the 5 nm technology node and beyond. The content highlights the innovative methods, challenges, and difficulties in device processing and design, as well as how to apply suitable metrology techniques as a tool to find out the imperfections and lattice distortions, strain status, and composition in the device structures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano14100837
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 10
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    Study on the Changes in the Microcosmic Environment in Forward Osmosis Membranes to Reduce Membrane Resistance
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Membranes Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-11-29), p. 1203-
    Details
    In: Membranes, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-11-29), p. 1203-
    Abstract: Osmotic microbial fuel cells (OsMFCs) are an emerging wastewater treatment technology in bioelectricity generation, organic substrate removal, and wastewater reclamation. To address this issue, proton-conductive sites were strengthened after using the forward osmosis (FO) membrane by reducing the membrane resistance. The mechanism of improving electricity generation was attributed mainly to the unique characteristics of the membrane material and the water flux characteristics of the FO membrane. In particular, only when the concentration of catholyte was greater than 0.3 M was the membrane resistance the main contributor to the overall internal resistance. Meanwhile, through the simulation of the concentration inside the membrane, the changes in the membrane thickness direction and the phase transition of the internal structure of the membrane from the dry state (0% water content) to the expansion state ( 〉 50%water content) were analyzed, which were influenced by the water flux, further explaining the important role of the membrane’s microenvironment in reducing the membrane impedance. This further opens a novel avenue for the use of OsMFCs in practical engineering applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0375
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121203
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2614641-1
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