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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Implementation of Unbalanced Ternary Logic Gates with the Combination of Spintronic Memristor and CMOS
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Electronics Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2020-03-25), p. 542-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2020-03-25), p. 542-
    Abstract: A memristor is a nanoscale electronic element that displays a threshold property, non-volatility, and variable conductivity. Its composite circuits are promising for the implementation of intelligence computation, especially for logic operations. In this paper, a flexible logic circuit composed of a spintronic memristor and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) switches is proposed for the implementation of the basic unbalanced ternary logic gates, including the NAND, NOR, AND, and OR gates. Meanwhile, due to the participation of the memristor and CMOS, the proposed circuit has advantages in terms of non-volatility and load capacity. Furthermore, the input and output of the proposed logic are both constant voltages without signal degradation. All these three merits make the proposed circuit capable of realizing the cascaded logic functions. In order to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the entire work, series circuit simulations were carried out. The experimental results indicated that the proposed logic circuit has the potential to realize almost all basic ternary logic gates, and even some more complicated cascaded logic functions with a compact circuit construction, high efficiency, and good robustness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics9040542
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 2
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    Pseudomonas putida Represses JA- and SA-Mediated Defense Pathways in Rice and Promotes an Alternative Defense Mechanism Possibly through ABA Signaling
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Plants Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-11-24), p. 1641-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-11-24), p. 1641-
    Abstract: The signaling pathways induced by Pseudomonas putida in rice plants at the early plant–rhizobacteria interaction stages, with and without inoculation of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, were studied. In the absence of pathogen, P. putida reduced ethylene (ET) production, and promoted root and stem elongation. Interestingly, gene OsHDA702, which plays an important role in root formation, was found significantly up-regulated in the presence of the rhizobacterium. Although X. oryzae pv. oryzae inoculation enhanced ET production in rice plants, P. putida treatment repressed ET-, jasmonic acid (JA)- and salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense pathways, and induced the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), and the overexpression of OsHDA705 and some pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs), which in turn increased the susceptibility of the rice plants against the pathogen. Collectively, this is the first work on the defense signaling induced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in plants at the early interaction stages, and suggests that rhizobacteria stimulate an alternative defense mechanism in plants based on ABA accumulation and OsHDA705 signaling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants9121641
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 3
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    Clinical Factors Associated with Arterial Stiffness in Chronic Kidney Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-01-30), p. 1077-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-01-30), p. 1077-
    Abstract: Background: Arterial stiffness influences the prognosis of patients with end-stage kidney disease; however, the factors that promote arterial stiffness in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remain unknown. We aimed to explore the clinical factors associated with arterial stiffness in CKD. Methods: Between September 2017 and September 2022, all CKD patients treated at the Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, excluding dialysis patients, were screened and their medical records within the last month were collected. Arterial stiffness was measured by the augmentation index (AIx). The correlative clinical factors with arterial stiffness were explored in different linear regression models. Results: 559 patients were included in the study. AIx@75 increased as the deterioration of CKDG1–CKDG5, with values of 1 (−9, 11), 5.5 (−4, 13.25), 9 (0, 16), 12 (1.5, 23.5), and 22 (13, 28), respectively (Z = 63.03, p 〈 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that AIx@75 was positively associated with female sex (β = 8.926, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.291, 11.562, p 〈 0.001), age (β = 0. 485, 95% CI 0.39, 0.58, p 〈 0.001), mean arterial pressure (MAP) (β = 0.255, 95% CI 0.159, 0.35, p 〈 0.001), and was negatively associated with ACEI/ARB (β = −4.466, 95% CI −6.963, −1.969, p 〈 0.001) and glucocorticoid (β = −3.163, 95% CI −6.143, −0.183, p = 0.038). Smoking, eGFR, hemoglobin, and cause of disease were associated with AIx@75 in multivariate linear regression models when considering factors partly. Conclusions: Female, age, smoking, MAP, eGFR, cause of disease, ACEI/ARB, and glucocorticoid were found to be associated with atherosclerosis in CKD patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031077
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 4
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    Application of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Evaluation the Activity of Crohn’s Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2024-03-22), p. 672-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2024-03-22), p. 672-
    Abstract: Background and Objective: The dynamic assessment of disease activity during the follow-up of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) remains a significant challenge. In this study, we aimed to identify the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) in the evaluation of activity of CD. Methods: In the retrospective study, patients diagnosed with CD in our hospital were included. All the diagnoses were confirmed by clinical symptoms and ileocolonoscopical results. All patients underwent intestinal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examinations within 1 week of the ileocolonoscopy examinations. Acuson Sequoia (Siemens Healthineers, Mountain View, CA, USA) and Resona R9 Elite (Mindray Medical Systems, China) with curved array and Line array transducers were used. The CEUS examination was performed with SonoVue (Bracco SpA, Milan, Italy). DCE-US analysis was performed by UltraOffice (version: 0.3-2010, Mindray Medical Systems, China) software. Two regions of interest (ROIs) were set in the anterior section of the infected bowel wall and its surrounding normal bowel wall 2 cm distant from the inflamed area. Time–intensity curves (TICs) were generated and quantitative perfusion parameters were obtained after curve fittings. The Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease (SES-CD) was regarded as the reference standard to evaluate the activity of CD. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were used to determine the diagnostic efficiency of DCE-US quantitative parameters. Results: From March 2023 to November 2023, 52 CD patients were included. According to SES-CD score, all patients were divided into active group with the SES-CD score 〉 5 (n = 39) and inactive group SES-CD score 〈 5 (n = 13). Most of the active CD patients showed bowel wall thickness (BWT) 〉 4.2 mm (97.4%, 38/39) or mesenteric fat hypertrophy (MFH) on intestinal ultrasound (US) scan (69.2%, 27/39). Color Doppler signal of the bowel wall mostly showed spotty or short striped blood flow signal in active CD patients (56.4%, 22/39). According to CEUS enhancement patterns, most active CD patients showed a complete hyperenhancement of the entire intestinal wall (61.5%, 24/39). The TICs of active CD showed an earlier enhancement, higher peak intensity, and faster decline. Among all CEUS quantitative parameters, amplitude-derived parameters peak enhancement (PE), wash-in area under the curve (WiAUC), wash-in rate (WiR), wash-in perfusion index (WiPI), and wash-out rate (WoR) were significantly higher in active CD than in inactive CD (p 〈 0.05). The combined AUROC of intestinal ultrasound features and DCE-US quantitative perfusion parameters in the diagnosis of active CD was 0.987, with 97.4% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 98.1% accuracy. Conclusions: DCE-US with quantitative perfusion parameters is a potential useful noninvasive imaging method to evaluate the activity of Crohn’s disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070672
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 5
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    Germacrane Sesquiterpene Dilactones from Mikania micrantha and Their Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2023-02-24), p. 2119-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2023-02-24), p. 2119-
    Abstract: Four new germacrane sesquiterpene dilactones, 2β-hydroxyl-11β,13-dihydrodeoxymikanolide (1), 3β-hydroxyl-11β,13-dihydrodeoxymikanolide (2), 1α,3β-dihydroxy-4,9-germacradiene-12,8:15,6-diolide (3), and (11β,13-dihydrodeoxymikanolide-13-yl)-adenine (4), together with five known ones (5–9) were isolated from the aerial parts of Mikania micrantha. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compound 4 is featured with an adenine moiety in the molecule, which is the first nitrogen-containing sesquiterpenoid so far isolated from this plant species. These compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four Gram-(+) bacteria of Staphyloccocus aureus (SA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus cereus (BC) and Curtobacterium. flaccumfaciens (CF), and three Gram-(–) bacteria of Escherichia coli (EC), Salmonella. typhimurium (SA), and Pseudomonas Solanacearum (PS). Compounds 4 and 7–9 were found to show strong in vitro antibacterial activity toward all the tested bacteria with the MIC values ranging from 1.56 to 12.5 µg/mL. Notably, compounds 4 and 9 showed significant antibacterial activity against the drug-resistant bacterium of MRSA with MIC value 6.25 µg/mL, which was close to reference compound vancomycin (MIC 3.125 µg/mL). Compounds 4 and 7–9 were further revealed to show in vitro cytotoxic activity toward human tumor A549, HepG2, MCF-7, and HeLa cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 8.97 to 27.39 μM. No antibacterial and cytotoxic activity were displayed for the other compounds. The present research provided new data to support that M. micrantha is rich in structurally diverse bioactive compounds worthy of further development for pharmaceutical applications and for crop protection in agricultural fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052119
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
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    Microrna-130a Downregulates HCV Replication through an atg5-Dependent Autophagy Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Cells Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2019-04-10), p. 338-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2019-04-10), p. 338-
    Abstract: We previously identified that miR-130a downregulates HCV replication through two independent pathways: restoration of host immune responses and regulation of pyruvate metabolism. In this study, we further sought to explore host antiviral target genes regulated by miR-130a. We performed a RT² Profiler™ PCR array to identify the host antiviral genes regulated by miR-130a. The putative binding sites between miR-130a and its downregulated genes were predicted by miRanda. miR-130a and predicted target genes were over-expressed or knocked down by siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 gRNA. Selected gene mRNAs and their proteins, together with HCV replication in JFH1 HCV-infected Huh7.5.1 cells were monitored by qRT-PCR and Western blot. We identified 32 genes that were significantly differentially expressed more than 1.5-fold following miR-130a overexpression, 28 of which were upregulated and 4 downregulated. We found that ATG5, a target gene for miR-130a, significantly upregulated HCV replication and downregulated interferon stimulated gene expression. miR-130a downregulated ATG5 expression and its conjugation complex with ATG12. ATG5 and ATG5-ATG12 complex affected interferon stimulated gene (ISG) such as MX1 and OAS3 expression and subsequently HCV replication. We concluded that miR-130a regulates host antiviral response and HCV replication through targeting ATG5 via the ATG5-dependent autophagy pathway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells8040338
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 7
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    Influence of Multi-Step Heating Methods on Properties of Al–Si Coating Boron Steel Sheet
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Coatings Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-01-30), p. 164-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-01-30), p. 164-
    Abstract: In this study, the influence of the multi-step heating methods, such as two-step heating methods and three-step heating methods, on the properties of Al–Si coating boron steel sheet were evaluated by using the Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator. The evolution of microstructure and 3D surface topography of the Al–Si coating were also investigated. The results showed that the heating rates of 50 °C/s, named rapid heating, at the stage of 20–500 °C did not significantly influence the microstructure and 3D surface topography of the Al–Si coating in the two-step heating methods. The results also indicated that the volume fractions of Fe3Al2Si3 intermetallic compound, FeAl intermetallic compound and a-Fe phase in the Al–Si coating reduced by rapid heating at the stage of 700–930 °C in the three-step heating methods. The roughness of 3D surface topography of the Al–Si coating increased by rapid heating at the stage of 700–930 °C. Rapid heating at the stage of 700–930 °C had little influence on the porosity of the Al–Si coating. The results provided a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of rapid heating in the Al–Si coating boron steel sheet.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings11020164
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 8
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    Thin-Film Lithium Cobalt Oxide for Lithium-Ion Batteries
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 15, No. 23 ( 2022-11-28), p. 8980-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 23 ( 2022-11-28), p. 8980-
    Abstract: Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) cathode has been widely applied in 3C products (computer, communication, and consumer), and LCO films are currently the most promising cathode materials for thin-film lithium batteries (TFBs) due to their high volumetric energy density and favorable durability. Most LCO thin films are fabricated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques, while the influence of preparation on the materials’ properties and electrochemical performance has not been highlighted. In this review, the dominant effects (heating, substrate, power, atmosphere, etc.) on LCO thin films are summarized, and the LCO thin films fabricated by other techniques (spin coating, sol–gel, atomic layer deposition, pulsed laser deposition, etc.) are outlined. Moreover, the modification strategies including bulk doping and surface coating for powder and thin-film LCO electrodes are discussed in detail. This review may pave the way for developing novel, durable, and high-performance LCO thin films by versatile methods for TFB and other energy storage devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en15238980
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 9
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    Water Use of Fossil Energy Production and Supply in China
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Water Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2017-07-12), p. 513-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2017-07-12), p. 513-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w9070513
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 10
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    Optimal Obesity- and Lipid-Related Indices for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-03-23), p. 1334-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-03-23), p. 1334-
    Abstract: Existing obesity- and lipid-related indices are inconsistent with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We compared seven indicators, including waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral adiposity index (VAI), Chinese VAI and lipid accumulation product (LAP), to evaluate their ability to predict MetS in CKD patients with and without Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) under various criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent associations between the indices and metabolic syndrome among 547 non-dialysis CKD patients, aged ≥18 years. The predictive power of these indices was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. After adjusting for potential confounders, the correlation between VAI and MetS was strongest based on the optimal cut-off value of 1.51 (sensitivity 86.84%, specificity 91.18%) and 2.35 (sensitivity 83.54%, specificity 86.08%), with OR values of 40.585 (8.683–189.695) and 5.076 (1.247–20.657) for males and females with CKD and T2DM. In CKD patients without T2DM, based on the optimal cut-off values of 1.806 (sensitivity 98.11%, specificity 72.73%) and 3.11 (sensitivity 84.62%, specificity 83.82%), the OR values were 7.514 (3.757–15.027) and 3.008 (1.789–5.056) for males and females, respectively. The area under ROC curve (AUC) and Youden index of VAI were the highest among the seven indexes, indicating its superiority in predicting MetS in both male and female CKD patients, especially those with T2DM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14071334
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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