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  • MDPI AG  (43)
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  • MDPI AG  (43)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Photodiode Read-Out System for the Calorimeter of the Herd Experiment
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Instruments Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2022-09-02), p. 33-
    Details
    In: Instruments, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2022-09-02), p. 33-
    Kurzfassung: HERD is a future experiment for the direct detection of high energy cosmic rays. The instrument is based on a calorimeter optimized not only for a good energy resolution but also for a large acceptance. Each crystal composing the calorimeter is equipped with two read-out systems: one based on wavelength-shifting fibers and the other based on two photodiodes with different active areas assembled in a monolithic package. In this paper, we describe the photodiode read-out system, focusing on experimental requirements, design and estimated performances. Finally, we show how these features lead to the flight model project of the photodiode read-out system.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2410-390X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/instruments6030033
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2911707-0
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Mangiferin, an Anti-HIV-1 Agent Targeting Protease and Effective against Resistant Strains
    MDPI AG ; 2011
    In:  Molecules Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2011-05-24), p. 4264-4277
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2011-05-24), p. 4264-4277
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules16054264
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2011
    ZDB Id: 2008644-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Weed Control, Rice Safety, and Mechanism of the Novel Paddy Field Herbicide Glyamifop
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-11-30), p. 3026-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-11-30), p. 3026-
    Kurzfassung: Glyamifop (R & D code: FG001), (R)-(2-(4-(6-chlorobenzoxazol-2-oxy) phenoxy) propionyl) glycine ethyl ester is a newly developed aryloxyphenoxypropionate (HRAC Group 1) herbicide for weed control in paddy fields. This work determined the effect of Glyamifop on weeds and its safety for rice in the glasshouse. Glyamifop controlled the common gramineous weeds in paddy fields at 100 g a.i. ha−1: the fresh weight inhibition rates of Echinochloa crus-galli, Leptochloa chinensis, Setaria viridis, Eragrostis japonica, Digitaria sanguinalis and Panicum bisulcatum were all above 90%. It has almost no inhibitory effect on broad-leaved and cyperaceae weeds, such as Eclipta prostrata and Cyperus iria. Glyamifop inhibited cyhalofop-butyl-resistant L. chinensis, penoxsulam-resistant E. crus-galli and quinclorac-resistant E. crusgalli var. zelayensis by 100%, 99.98% and 96.37%, respectively, at 100 g a.i. ha−1, based on the fresh weight. The selectivity index of Glyamifop foliage treatment in the rice varieties japonica ‘Huaidao 5’, indica ‘Xiangliangyou 900’ and glutinous ‘Zhennuo 29’ was 5.93, 6.81 and 4.91, respectively; therefore, Glyamifop is safe for the 3 different rice varieties. Fresh weight rice inhibition rates were 7.18%, 2.99% and 7.93% at the 2.5-, 3.5- and 5.5-leaf stage, respectively, and the selectivity index was 5.18, 6.04 and 7.93, respectively, indicating that Glyamifop was safe for rice at these leaf stages. L. chinensis ACCase activity decreased with increasing Glyamifop concentration, and the inhibitory effect was similar to that of cyhalofop acid; this confirmed that Glyamifop is an ACCase inhibitor. In conclusion, Glyamifop has potential for the management of gramineous weeds as it has good activity against weeds that are resistant to common herbicides in paddy fields.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12123026
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Contact Time of Double-Droplet Impacting Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Different Macrotextures
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Processes Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2020-07-26), p. 896-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2020-07-26), p. 896-
    Kurzfassung: The contact time of droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces is an especially important parameter in many applications, such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, and spray cooling. In this study, we investigate the contact time of two identical droplets simultaneously impacting superhydrophobic surfaces decorated with three different macrotextures, i.e., bathtub-like groove (S1), vertical wall (S2), and rectangular ridge (S3), via lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) simulations. We explore influences of the geometrical parameters of the macrotextures, as well as the center-to-center distance of the two droplets, on the contact time. We found a new rebounding regime with significantly reduced contact times. We demonstrate that, as compared with impacting a smooth superhydrophobic surface, the contact time can be decreased by 41% for macrotexture S1 because of the asymmetric spreading and retraction of droplets motivated by the macrotexture. We also demonstrate that the new regime depends on the center-to-center distance and geometrical parameters of the macrotextures.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr8080896
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2720994-5
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Effect of Combined Infrared and Hot Air Drying Strategies on the Quality of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) Cakes: Drying Behavior, Aroma Profiles and Phenolic Compounds
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 15 ( 2022-07-27), p. 2240-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 15 ( 2022-07-27), p. 2240-
    Kurzfassung: Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is a seasonal plant with high medicinal and aesthetic value, and drying is an effective practice to enhance its storability after harvesting. The effects of hot air drying (HAD), combined infrared and hot air drying (IR-HAD), and sequential IR-HAD and HAD (IR-HAD + HAD) on the drying behavior, color, shrinkage, aroma profiles, phenolic compounds, and microstructure of chrysanthemum cakes were studied. Results showed that the increasing temperature resulted in a decrease in drying time and an increase in drying rate and moisture diffusivity. The Logarithmic and Page models exhibited superior fit in describing the dehydration process. Among the three drying strategies, IR-HAD was more effective in reducing energy consumption, improving shrinkage, water holding capacity, water binding capacity and cellular microstructure, while IR-HAD + HAD showed better inhibitory effect on color deterioration. Furthermore, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that different drying strategies dramatically influenced the aroma profiles in samples, and IR-HAD obtained the highest concentration of volatiles. The results of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) indicated that the introduction of infrared radiation contributed to increasing the contents of chlorogenic acid, luteolin, total phenolic and flavonoid. These suggested that IR-HAD was a promising technique for drying medicinal chrysanthemum.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11152240
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2704223-6
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    DNA Double-Strand Break-Related Competitive Endogenous RNA Network of Noncoding RNA in Bovine Cumulus Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Genes Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-01-22), p. 290-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-01-22), p. 290-
    Kurzfassung: (1) Background: DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most serious form of DNA damage that affects oocyte maturation and the physiological state of follicles and ovaries. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role in DNA damage and repair. This study aims to analyze and establish the network of ncRNAs when DSB occurs and provide new ideas for next research on the mechanism of cumulus DSB. (2) Methods: Bovine cumulus cells (CCs) were treated with bleomycin (BLM) to construct a DSB model. We detected the changes of the cell cycle, cell viability, and apoptosis to determine the effect of DSBs on cell biology, and further evaluated the relationship between the transcriptome and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and DSBs. (3) Results: BLM increased γH2AX positivity in CCs, disrupted the G1/S phase, and decreased cell viability. Totals of 848 mRNAs, 75 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), 68 circular RNAs (circRNAs), and 71 microRNAs (miRNAs) in 78 groups of lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks, 275 groups of circRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks, and five groups of lncRNA/circRNA–miRNA–mRNA co-expression regulatory networks were related to DSBs. Most differentially expressed ncRNAs were annotated to cell cycle, p53, PI3K-AKT, and WNT signaling pathways. (4) Conclusions: The ceRNA network helps to understand the effects of DNA DSBs activation and remission on the biological function of CCs.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes14020290
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2527218-4
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    An Efficient Framework with Node Filtering and Load Expansion for Machine-Learning-Based Hardware Trojan Detection
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Electronics Vol. 11, No. 13 ( 2022-06-30), p. 2054-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 13 ( 2022-06-30), p. 2054-
    Kurzfassung: The globalization of the integrated circuit (IC) industry has raised concerns about hardware Trojans (HT), and there is an urgent need for efficient HT-detection methods of gate-level netlists. Machine learning (ML) is a powerful tool for this purpose. A Trojan-detection framework is proposed in this paper to solve the data imbalance and low accuracy problems of existing ML-based HT-detection algorithms. To solve the problem of data imbalance, we propose the node-filtering algorithm, which extracts structure templates from HT circuits and removes most normal nodes based on them. To enhance the identification of unknown HT payload, we propose the load-expansion algorithm, which expands the identified HT nodes based on their fanout features. We evaluate the framework using different ML algorithms. The results show that the framework significantly improves the Trojan-detection rate of the original algorithms, and achieves a 10% improvement in true positive rate compared to the original algorithms.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics11132054
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2662127-7
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Elongation Factor GmEF4 Is Involved in the Response to Drought and Salt Tolerance in Soybean
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 12 ( 2019-06-19), p. 3001-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 12 ( 2019-06-19), p. 3001-
    Kurzfassung: Growing evidence indicates that elongation factor 1α (EF1α) is involved in responses to various abiotic stresses in several plant species. Soybean EF1α proteins include three structural domains: one GTP-binding domain and two oligonucleotide binding domains that are also called as domain 2 and domain 3. In this study, 10 EF1α genes were identified in the soybean genome. We predicted structures of different domains and analyzed gene locations, gene structures, phylogenetic relationships, various cis-elements, and conserved domains of soybean EF1αs. The expression patterns of 10 EF1α genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Under drought stress, soybean EF1α genes were upregulated in varying degrees. In particular, GmEF4 was upregulated under drought and salt treatments. Compared to the drought- and salt-treated empty vector (EV)-control plants, drought- and salt-treated GmEF4-overexpressing (OE) plants had significantly delayed leaf wilting, longer root, higher biomass, higher proline (Pro) content, and lower H2O2, O2−, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Thus, this study provides a foundation for further functional genomics research about this important family under abiotic stress.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123001
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Combined lncRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles Identified the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA Modules Regulating the Cold Stress Response in Ammopiptanthus nanus
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2023-03-30), p. 6502-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2023-03-30), p. 6502-
    Kurzfassung: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play critical regulatory roles in plants. Ammopiptanthus nanus can survive under severe low-temperature stress, and lncRNAs may play crucial roles in the gene regulation network underlying the cold stress response in A. nanus. To investigate the roles of lncRNAs in the cold stress response of A. nanus, a combined lncRNA and mRNA expression profiling under cold stress was conducted. Up to 4890 novel lncRNAs were identified in A. nanus and 1322 of them were differentially expressed under cold stress, including 543 up-regulated and 779 down-regulated lncRNAs. A total of 421 lncRNAs were found to participate in the cold stress response by forming lncRNA–mRNA modules and regulating the genes encoding the stress-related transcription factors and enzymes in a cis-acting manner. We found that 31 lncRNAs acting as miRNA precursors and 8 lncRNAs acting as endogenous competitive targets of miRNAs participated in the cold stress response by forming lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory modules. In particular, a cold stress-responsive lncRNA, TCONS00065739, which was experimentally proven to be an endogenous competitive target of miR530, contributed to the cold stress adaptation by regulating TZP in A. nanus. These results provide new data for understanding the biological roles of lncRNAs in response to cold stress in plants.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076502
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Preparation, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Ta-Coated 3Y-TZP Ceramic Deposited by a Plasma Surface Alloying Technique
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2020-03-11), p. 1265-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2020-03-11), p. 1265-
    Kurzfassung: A Ta coating has been successfully fabricated on the surface of zirconia polycrystals ceramic (3 mol% yttria, 3Y-TZP) by a plasma surface alloying technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that a α-Ta coating with a continuous and compact surface morphology which consisted of a deposited layer with a thickness of 390 nm and a diffusion layer with a thickness of 200 nm covered the 3Y-TZP. Due to the effect of inhabitation the t→m transformation by the deposited Ta coating, the biaxial flexural strength caused by the phase transformation during hydrothermal aging is reduced e.g., p 〈 0.05 after 20 h and/or 100 h. In addition, the Ta coating shows non-cytotoxicity and improved proliferation ability of osteoblasts.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13061265
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2487261-1
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