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  • MDPI AG  (36)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Passive Wireless Dual-Tag UHF RFID Sensor System for Surface Crack Monitoring
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sensors Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2021-01-28), p. 882-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2021-01-28), p. 882-
    Abstract: The generation and propagation of cracks are critical factors that affect the performance and life of large structures. Therefore, in order to minimize maintenance costs and ensure personal safety, it is necessary to monitor key structures. The sensor based on ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) antenna has the advantages of passive wireless, low cost, and great potential in the field of metallic structure health monitoring. In this paper, aimed at the key parts of a metallic structure, a dual-tag system is used for crack monitoring. In conjunction with mode analysis, the principles of the sensing tag and the coupling principles of the dual-tag are analyzed. Considering that the dual-tag is placed in different methods, the effect of mutual coupling on the sensing performance of the tag is studied. The results show that the frequency of the sensing tag can be tuned by adding the interference tag, and the dual-tag sensor system has reasonable sensitivity. The results also provide potential guidance for the optimal placement of multiple tags in the near-field region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s21030882
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Response of Understory Plant Diversity to Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Urban Forests in Beijing, China
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Forests Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-03-13), p. 571-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-03-13), p. 571-
    Abstract: Understory vegetation affects the richness and stability of urban forest ecosystems. To investigate the influence of soil physicochemical properties on the diversity of understory plants in urban forests, this study used 30 urban forest communities in the Beijing Plain area as the research object and analyzed the correlation between understory plant diversity and soil factors by correlation analysis. Furthermore, pH, soil bulk density (SBD), total soil porosity (TSP), soil water content (SWC), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), effective phosphorous (AP), and effective potassium (AK) were determined in this study. The Shannon diversity index (H’), Pielou evenness index (E), Simpson dominance index (C), and Margalef richness index (DMG) of understory plants were calculated. The soil nutrient contents and the understory plant diversity indices of the different community types showed significant differences. There was a strong correlation between soil properties and the diversity index of understory vegetation. SOM and SOC were the main factors affecting the Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index, Simpson index, and Margalef richness index of the understory plants. We conclude that soil properties were one of the primary drivers of the formation of understory vegetation diversity. The results of the study can provide scientific guidance for the management of urban forests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f14030571
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
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    Alternative Soil Substrates Addition Cause Deterioration in Reclaimed Soil Macropore Networks at Eastern Mining Area, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2022-08-24), p. 10519-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2022-08-24), p. 10519-
    Abstract: Minesoil profiles are reconstructed by alternative soil substrates worldwide. However, some substrates lack appropriate soil characteristics and negatively affect the minesoil functions, these negative impacts are largely caused by the deterioration of macropore structure. Nevertheless, the differences of typical substrate characteristics and their influence on the deterioration are unclear. Thus, we present a case study to analyze macropore number, size, connectivity, distribution, and soil permeability of RMSs with three substrates (MSW, YRS and RM), respectively, using industrial X-ray computed tomography. The results indicated that (1) filling of substrates made adverse variations for minesoils in macropore number, Ma, ED, τ and size distribution, and the RMS filled with RM had biggest difference in macropore parameters with NCS, followed by the MSW and YRS. (2) The variations of RMSs in macropore parameters were found to be dominated by a synthetic action of substrate texture, SBD and SOM, where SOM showed significant positive correlations with most macropore parameters other than IM, and clay content and SBD showed significant negative correlations. (3) The macropore network can be linked to SP, among various macropore parameters, Ma, AM, and Ma with ED 〉 600 μm had significant positive correlations with it. It is suggested that the filling substrates need to be reformed from improving the substrate texture, bulk density, and organic matter content.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su141710519
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 4
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    Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Salmonella Enterica Serotype Enteritidis Isolated from Poultry Sources in South Korea, 2010–2017
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2021-01-07), p. 45-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2021-01-07), p. 45-
    Abstract: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) is recognized as a major cause of human salmonellosis worldwide, and most human salmonellosis is due to the consumption of contaminated poultry meats and poultry byproducts. Whole-genome sequencing (data were obtained from 96 SE isolates from poultry sources, including an integrated broiler supply chain, farms, slaughterhouses, chicken transporting trucks, and retail chicken meats in South Korea during 2010–2017. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were investigated using WGS data, and the phylogenetic relationship of the isolates was analyzed using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). All isolates carried aminoglycoside resistance genes, aac(6’)-Iaa, and 56 isolates carried multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. The most frequent virulence gene profile, pef-fim-sop-inv.-org-sip-spa-sif-fli-flg-hil-ssa-sse-prg-pag-spv, was found in 90 isolates. The SNP analysis provided a higher resolution than the cgMLST analysis, but the cgMLST analysis was highly congruent with the SNP analysis. The phylogenetic results suggested the presence of resident SE within the facility of processing plants, environments of slaughterhouses, and the integrated broiler supply chain, and the phylogenetically related isolates were found in retail meats. In addition, the SE isolates from different origins showed close genetic relationships indicating that these strains may have originated from a common source. This study could be valuable reference data for future traceback investigations in South Korea.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010045
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Combined Usage of MDK Inhibitor Augments Interferon-γ Anti-Tumor Activity in the SKOV3 Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 8-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 8-
    Abstract: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a particularly lethal disease due to intratumoral heterogeneity, resistance to traditional chemotherapy, and poor response to targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is an attractive therapeutic cytokine, with positive responses achieved in multiple OC clinical trials. However, clinical application of IFN-γ in OC is still hindered, due to the severe toxicity when used at higher levels, as well as the considerable pro-metastatic adverse effect when used at lower levels. Thus, an effective combined intervention is needed to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of IFN-γ and to suppress the IFN-γ-induced metastasis. Here, we uncovered that OC cells develop an adaptive strategy by upregulating midkine (MDK) to counteract the IFN-γ-induced anti-tumor activity and to fuel IFN-γ-induced metastasis. We showed that MDK is a critical downstream target of IFN-γ in OC, and that this regulation acts in a dose-dependent manner and is mediated by STAT1. Gain-of-function studies showed that MDK overexpression promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in OC, indicating that IFN-γ-activated MDK may antagonize IFN-γ in inhibiting OC proliferation but synergize IFN-γ in promoting OC metastasis. Subsequently, we assessed the influence of MDK inhibition on IFN-γ-induced anti-proliferation and pro-metastasis effects using an MDK inhibitor (iMDK), and we found that MDK inhibition robustly enhanced IFN-γ-induced growth inhibition (all CIs 〈 0.1) and reversed IFN-γ-driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in OC in vitro. Collectively, these data identify an IFN-γ responsive protein, MDK, in counteracting anti-proliferation while endowing the pro-metastatic role of IFN-γ in cancer treatment, and we therefore propose the combined utilization of the MDK inhibitor in IFN-γ-based therapies in future OC treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010008
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 6
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    Larval Fish Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Different Ecological Guilds in Yangtze Estuary
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-01-07), p. 143-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-01-07), p. 143-
    Abstract: Estuaries, as important fish nursery habitats, usually include a variety of larval fishes of different ecological guilds and exhibit complicated changing environmental conditions. We carried out a survey to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of different ecological guild larval fishes and their relationships with environmental factors in the springs and summers from 2018 to 2020 in the Yangtze Estuary (China). The aims of the study were to provide detailed information on the characteristics of the larval fish assemblage and to explore the spatiotemporal variation in different ecological guild species and the effects of environmental variables on assemblage structure. More than 140,000 fish larvae from 26 families and 99 species were gathered during the six cruises, with the spring being the most prolific. The assemblage was dominated by a few species and was divided into three ecological guilds. Engraulidae was the most abundant family, followed by Cyprinidae and Gobiidae. Hemiculter bleekeri (freshwater), Pseudolaubuca sinensis (freshwater), Coilia mystus (brackish water), and Engraulis japonicas (marine) were the predominant species. Seasonal variations in larval fish assemblage structure were closely influenced by temperature, and the fluctuation in salinity mainly determined the spatial distribution of the larval fish community. Freshwater flows also played an important role in shaping the larval fish assemblage structure and dynamics. The conclusions improve the understanding of the ecological dynamics of larval fish assemblages in environmentally heterogeneous areas and may be applicable to other estuary ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse11010143
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 7
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    Effects of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of Rolled Cu Foil
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2021-09-23), p. 5498-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2021-09-23), p. 5498-
    Abstract: The development of fifth-generation (5G) communication and wearable electronics generates higher requirements for the mechanical properties of copper foil. Higher mechanical properties and lower resistance are required for flexible copper-clad laminate and high-frequency and high-speed Cu foil. Deep cryogenic treatment (DCT), as a post-treatment method, has many advantages, such as low cost and ease of operation. However, less attention has been paid to the impact of DCT on rolled Cu foil. In this study, the effects of DCT on the microstructure and mechanical properties of rolled Cu foil were investigated. The results show that as the treatment time increased, the tensile strength and hardness first increased and then decreased, reaching a peak value of 394.06 MPa and 1.47 GPa at 12 h. The mechanical property improvement of rolled Cu foil was due to the grain refinement and the increase of dislocation density. The dislocation density of rolled Cu foil after a DCT time of 12 h was determined to have a peak value of 4.3798 × 1015 m−2. The dislocation density increased by 19% and the grain size decreased by 12% after 12 h DCT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14195498
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 8
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    Flexible Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator Based on Low-Porosity β-Phase P(VDF-TrFE) Film for Human Vital Signs Monitoring
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 4 ( 2023-02-14), p. 2136-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 4 ( 2023-02-14), p. 2136-
    Abstract: P(VDF-TrFE) is a promising material for flexible acoustic devices owing to its good piezoelectric performance and excellent stretchability. However, the high density of internal pores and large surface roughness of the conventional P(VDF-TrFE) results in a high propagation attenuation for acoustic waves, which limits its use in flexible acoustic devices. In this paper, a novel method based on two-step annealing is proposed to effectively remove the pores inside the P(VDF-TrFE) film and reduce its surface roughness. The obtained P(VDF-TrFE) film possesses excellent characteristics, including a high breakdown strength of 〉 300 kV/mm, a high-purity β-phase content of more than 80%, and high piezoelectric coefficients (d33) of 42 pm/V. Based on the low-porosity β-phase P(VDF-TrFE) film, we fabricated flexible film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) which exhibit high sharp resonance peaks. The pressure sensor was made by sandwiching the FBARs with two PDMS microneedle patches. Heartbeat and respiration rate monitoring were achieved using the pressure sensor. This work demonstrates the feasibility of high-performance flexible piezoelectric acoustic resonators based on low-porosity P(VDF-TrFE) films, which could see wider applications in the wearable sensors for both physical and chemical sensing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23042136
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
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    Secondary Frequency Regulation Control Strategy with Electric Vehicles Considering User Travel Uncertainty
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Energies Vol. 16, No. 9 ( 2023-04-28), p. 3794-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 9 ( 2023-04-28), p. 3794-
    Abstract: The premise of electric vehicles (EVs) participating in the frequency regulation (FR) of power systems is to satisfy the charging demands of users. In view of problems such as the uncertainty of EV users’ departure time and the increase in power supply pressure due to disordered charging in the frequency regulation process of EV clusters, a secondary frequency regulation control strategy with EVs considering user travel uncertainty is proposed. Firstly, EV charging history was analyzed, a reliability parameter was introduced to describe the user travel uncertainty, and an individual EV controllable domain model based on reliability correction was constructed. Then, EV clusters were grouped according to charging urgency and state of charge (SOC), and the controllable capacity of EV clusters was determined. Finally, EV frequency regulation capability parameters and charging urgency parameters were defined to determine the EV frequency regulation priority list, combined with the EV state grouping and priority list, and the EV cluster frequency control strategy was proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can satisfy the charging demands of users under uncertain travel conditions, reduce the power supply pressure of the power system caused by EVs entering the forced charging state, and effectively suppress frequency deviation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en16093794
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 10
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    A Remotely Sensed Framework for Spatially-Detailed Dryland Soil Organic Matter Mapping: Coupled Cross-Wavelet Transform with Fractional Vegetation and Soil-Related Endmember Time Series
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-04-01), p. 1701-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-04-01), p. 1701-
    Abstract: Soil organic matter (SOM) plays pivotal roles in characterizing dryland structure and function; however, remotely sensed spatially-detailed SOM mapping in these regions remains a challenge. Various digital soil mapping approaches based on either single-period remote sensing or spectral indices in other ecosystems usually produce inaccurate, poorly constrained estimates of dryland SOM. Here, a framework for spatially-detailed SOM mapping was proposed based on cross-wavelet transform (XWT) that exploits ecologically meaningful features from intra-annual fractional vegetation and soil-related endmember records. In this framework, paired green vegetation (GV) and soil-related endmembers (i.e., dark surface (DA), saline land (SA), sand land (SL)) sequences were adopted to extract 30 XWT features in temporally and spatially continuous domains of cross-wavelet spectrum. We then selected representative features as exploratory covariates for SOM mapping, integrated with four state-of-the-art machine learning approaches, i.e., ridge regression (RR), least squares-support vector machines (LS-SVM), random forests (RF), and gradient boosted regression trees (GBRT). The results reported that SOM maps from 13 coupled filtered XWT features and four machine learning approaches were consistent with soil-landscape knowledge, as evidenced by a spatially-detailed gradient from oasis to barren. This framework also presented more accurate and reliable results than arithmetically averaged features of intra-annual endmembers and existing datasets. Among the four approaches, both RF and GBRT were more appropriate in the XWT-based framework, showing superior accuracy, robustness, and lower uncertainty. The XWT synthetically characterized soil fertility from the consecutive structure of intra-annual vegetation and soil-related endmember sequences. Therefore, the proposed framework improved the understanding of SOM and land degradation neutrality, potentially leading to more sustainable management of dryland systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14071701
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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