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  • MDPI AG  (1,388)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MsNRAMP2 Enhances Tolerance to Iron Excess Stress in Nicotiana tabacum and MsMYB Binds to Its Promoter
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 14 ( 2023-07-10), p. 11278-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 14 ( 2023-07-10), p. 11278-
    Abstract: Iron(Fe) is a trace metal element necessary for plant growth, but excess iron is harmful to plants. Natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) are important for divalent metal transport in plants. In this study, we isolated the MsNRAMP2 (MN_547960) gene from alfalfa, the perennial legume forage. The expression of MsNRAMP2 is specifically induced by iron excess. Overexpression of MsNRAMP2 conferred transgenic tobacco tolerance to iron excess, while it conferred yeast sensitivity to excess iron. Together with the MsNRAMP2 gene, MsMYB (MN_547959) expression is induced by excess iron. Y1H indicated that the MsMYB protein could bind to the “CTGTTG” cis element of the MsNRAMP2 promoter. The results indicated that MsNRAMP2 has a function in iron transport and its expression might be regulated by MsMYB. The excess iron tolerance ability enhancement of MsNRAMP2 may be involved in iron transport, sequestration, or redistribution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411278
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Epidemiology of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis and Rotavirus-Associated Benign Convulsions with Mild Gastroenteritis after the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccines in South Korea: Nationwide Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 22 ( 2020-11-12), p. 8374-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 22 ( 2020-11-12), p. 8374-
    Abstract: Using nationwide data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment service, we assessed the impact of rotavirus vaccines, introduced in South Korea, in 2007, on changes in the prevalence of factors (age, sex, and geographic location) associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) and rotavirus-associated benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (RaCwG). We analyzed health records of children younger than 3 years who visited clinical facilities and were diagnosed with RVGE or RaCwG between 2007 and 2019. The annual mid-year population (MYP) was obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service. The annual prevalence of RVGE, RaCwG and associated factors were statistically analyzed. Overall, 219,686, and 4032, children were confirmed to have RVGE and RaCwG, respectively. Although the annual prevalence of RVGE decreased significantly, that of RaCwG did not. The annual ratio of RaCwG to RVGE was significantly high. Compared to the prevalence of RVGE, the prevalence of RaCwG was significantly lower in rural areas. The age of RaCwG patients was significantly lower than that of the MYP and that of RVGE patients. The decrease in the number of RaCwG patients after rotavirus vaccination was not as pronounced as the decrease in the number of RVGE patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228374
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
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    Parylene-Based Flexible Microelectrode Arrays for the Electrical Recording of Muscles and the Effect of Electrode Size
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 20 ( 2020-10-21), p. 7364-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 20 ( 2020-10-21), p. 7364-
    Abstract: Miniaturized flexible microelectrode arrays are desirable for small-area surface electromyography (sEMG) to detect the electrical activity generated by muscles in a specific area of the body. Here, we present a flexible 8-channel microelectrode array with electrodes of diameter 150–300 μm for small-area sEMG recordings. The microelectrode arrays based on a flexible Parylene C substrate recorded the sEMG signals from a curved skin surface with a maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 21.4 dB. The sEMG signals recorded from a small area of 17671–59325 μm2 showed a clear distinction between the signal and noise. Further, the sEMG data were analyzed in the frequency domain by converting the signals via fast Fourier transform (FFT), and it was verified that the proposed microelectrode could reliably record multichannel sEMGs over a small area. Moreover, a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) experiment was performed to confirm the recording capability of the microelectrode array, which showed consistency with the previous reports. Finally, we demonstrated the effects of the electrode size by comparing the results for two different electrode sizes. When the electrode size was increased 3.37 times, the root-mean-square value of the amplitude (Vrms) increased 2.64 times, consequently increasing the SNR from 16.9 to 21.4 dB. This study demonstrates the expanded utility of Parylene-based flexible microelectrode arrays.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10207364
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 4
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    Platelet-to-White Blood Cell Ratio Is Associated with Adverse Outcomes in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Deterioration
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 2463-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 2463-
    Abstract: Background: The platelet-to-white blood cell ratio (PWR) is a hematologic marker of the systemic inflammatory response. Recently, the PWR was revealed to have a role as an independent prognostic factor for mortality in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic failure (ACLF) and HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) with acute decompensation (AD). However, the prognostic role of the PWR still needs to be investigated in LC patients with AD. In this study, we analyzed whether the PWR could stratify the risk of adverse outcomes (death or liver transplantation (LT)) in these patients. Methods: A prospective cohort of 1670 patients with AD of liver cirrhosis ((age: 55.2 ± 7.8, male = 1226 (73.4%)) was enrolled and evaluated for 28-day and overall adverse outcomes. Results: During a median follow-up of 8.0 months (range, 1.9–15.5 months), 424 (25.4%) patients had adverse outcomes (death = 377, LT = 47). The most common etiology of LC was alcohol use (69.7%). The adverse outcome rate was higher for patients with a PWR ≤ 12.1 than for those with a PWR 〉 12.1. A lower PWR level was a prognostic factor for 28-day adverse outcomes (PWR: hazard ratio 1.707, p = 0.034) when adjusted for the etiology of cirrhosis, infection, ACLF, and the MELD score. In the subgroup analysis, the PWR level stratified the risk of 28-day adverse outcomes regardless of the presence of ACLF or the main form of AD but not for those with bacterial infection. Conclusions: A lower PWR level was associated with 28-day adverse outcomes, indicating that the PWR level can be a useful and simple tool for stratifying the risk of 28-day adverse outcomes in LC patients with AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092463
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 5
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    Benign Convulsions with Mild Rotavirus and Norovirus Gastroenteritis: Nationwide Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in South Korea
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Children Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2021-03-30), p. 263-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2021-03-30), p. 263-
    Abstract: There have been no large-scale studies on the epidemiology of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in South Korea in 2007. This study aimed to analyze the trends in rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) and rotavirus-associated CwG (RaCwG) after rotavirus vaccination. Further, we aimed to analyze changes in norovirus gastroenteritis (NVGE) and norovirus-associated CwG (NaCwG) using nationwide data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Between 2007 and 2019, this study analyzed children aged 〈 6 years who were diagnosed with RVGE, NVGE, RaCwG and NaCwG. The changes in the prevalence of each disease and the ratio of CwG to enteritis were analyzed and the effects of age, sex and season were also analyzed. RVGE, RaCwG, NVGE and NaCwG were diagnosed in 273,898, 4246, 35,593 and 337 patients, respectively. The prevalence of RVGE was on a decreasing trend every year, but the prevalence of NaCwG and NVGE was on an increasing trend. There was a significant annual increase in the ratio of CwG to enteritis in both viruses. In order to control the prevalence of RaCwG, measures other than the rotavirus vaccine are required and measures to prevent norovirus are necessary.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children8040263
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2732685-8
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  • 6
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    Expression and Role of Vitellogenin Genes in Ovarian Development of Zeugodacus cucurbitae
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Insects Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2022-05-11), p. 452-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2022-05-11), p. 452-
    Abstract: Vitellogenin (Vg) genes encode the major egg yolk protein precursor in arthropods. In this study, four Vgs were identified in Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett). Sequence analysis showed that four ZcVgs had the conserved Vg domain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that four ZcVgs were homologous to the Vgs of Tephritidae insects. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of ZcVgs were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the four ZcVgs showed high expression levels in female adults, especially in the fat body. The expression of ZcVg1 and ZcVg3 was down-regulated by a low dosage (0.5 μg) of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), and ZcVg2, ZcVg3, and ZcVg4 were up-regulated by a high dosage (1.0 and 2.0 μg) of 20E. The expression of ZcVg1 and ZcVg2 was up-regulated by 5 μg of juvenile hormone (JH), while all of the ZcVgs were down-regulated by a low and high dosage of JH. Expression of ZcVgs was down-regulated after 24 h of starvation and recovered to normal after nutritional supplementation. After micro-injection of the gene-specific double-stranded RNA, the ZcVgs’ expression was significantly suppressed, and ovarian development was delayed in Z. cucurbitae females. The results indicate that RNA interference of reproduction-related genes is a potential pest control method that works by manipulating female fertility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects13050452
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 7
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    Physical Activity and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Mortality: A Nationwide Population-Based Case-Control Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-04-06), p. 1539-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-04-06), p. 1539-
    Abstract: Regular physical activity (PA) is known to reduce the risk of serious community-acquired infections. We examined the association of PA with the morbidity and mortality resulting from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection in the South Korean population. Patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 and who underwent public health screening between 2014 and 2017 (n = 6288) were included. Age- and sex-matched controls (n = 125,772) were randomly selected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Leisure-time PA was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. The mean PA levels were lower in the patient than in the control group (558.2 ± 516.3 vs. 580.2 ± 525.7 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-min/week, p = 0.001). Patients with moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) were associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 morbidity (odds ratio (OR), 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86–0.95). In addition, a standard deviation (SD) increment in MET/week (525.3 MET-min/week) was associated with a 4% decrease in the risk of COVID-19 morbidity (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93–0.99). MVPA and an SD increment in MET/week were associated with lower mortality (MVPA: OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26–0.87; per SD increment: OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48–0.88). Higher levels of regular PA were associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality, highlighting the importance of maintaining appropriate levels of PA along with social distancing amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071539
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 8
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    The Overexpression of Tβ4 in the Hair Follicle Tissue of Alpas Cashmere Goats Increases Cashmere Yield and Promotes Hair Follicle Development
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Animals Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019-12-31), p. 75-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019-12-31), p. 75-
    Abstract: Increased cashmere yield and improved quality are some goals of cashmere goat breeding. Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) plays a key role in the growth and development of hair follicles. For the past ten years, we have evaluated the role of Tβ4 by establishing a flock of 15 cashmere goats that specifically overexpress the Tβ4 gene in the hair follicles. These Tβ4 overexpression (Tβ4-OE) cashmere goats had more secondary hair follicles than the WT goats and produced more cashmere. Meanwhile, combined analysis of the skin transcriptome and proteome in cashmere goats suggested that Tβ4 may affect hair growth by interacting with keratin type II cytoskeletal 4 epidermal (KRT4) to mediate the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, thereby promoting the development of secondary hair follicles, and consequently, increasing cashmere yield. Thus, the specific overexpression of Tβ4 in the hair follicles of cashmere goats effectively increased the cashmere yield.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani10010075
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
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    Stochastic Triad Topology Based Particle Swarm Optimization for Global Numerical Optimization
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Mathematics Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2022-03-24), p. 1032-
    Details
    In: Mathematics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2022-03-24), p. 1032-
    Abstract: Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has exhibited well-known feasibility in problem optimization. However, its optimization performance still encounters challenges when confronted with complicated optimization problems with many local areas. In PSO, the interaction among particles and utilization of the communication information play crucial roles in improving the learning effectiveness and learning diversity of particles. To promote the communication effectiveness among particles, this paper proposes a stochastic triad topology to allow each particle to communicate with two random ones in the swarm via their personal best positions. Then, unlike existing studies that employ the personal best positions of the updated particle and the neighboring best position of the topology to direct its update, this paper adopts the best one and the mean position of the three personal best positions in the associated triad topology as the two guiding exemplars to direct the update of each particle. To further promote the interaction diversity among particles, an archive is maintained to store the obsolete personal best positions of particles and is then used to interact with particles in the triad topology. To enhance the chance of escaping from local regions, a random restart strategy is probabilistically triggered to introduce initialized solutions to the archive. To alleviate sensitivity to parameters, dynamic adjustment strategies are designed to dynamically adjust the associated parameter settings during the evolution. Integrating the above mechanism, a stochastic triad topology-based PSO (STTPSO) is developed to effectively search complex solution space. With the above techniques, the learning diversity and learning effectiveness of particles are largely promoted and thus the developed STTPSO is expected to explore and exploit the solution space appropriately to find high-quality solutions. Extensive experiments conducted on the commonly used CEC 2017 benchmark problem set with different dimension sizes substantiate that the proposed STTPSO achieves highly competitive or even much better performance than state-of-the-art and representative PSO variants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-7390
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/math10071032
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704244-3
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  • 10
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    The Influence of Track Structure Parameters on the Dynamic Response Sensitivity of Heavy Haul Train-LVT System
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2021-12-13), p. 11830-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2021-12-13), p. 11830-
    Abstract: Background: In order to study the applicability of Low Vibration Track (LVT) in heavy-haul railway tunnels, this paper carried out research on the dynamic effects of LVT heavy-haul railway wheels and rails and provided a technical reference for the structural design of heavy-haul railway track structures. Methods: Based on system dynamics response sensitivity and vehicle-track coupling dynamics, the stability of the upper heavy-haul train, the track deformation tendency, and the dynamic response sensitivity of the vehicle-track system under the influence of random track irregularity and different track structure parameters were calculated, compared and analyzed. Results: Larger under-rail lateral and vertical structural stiffness can reduce the dynamic response of the rail system. The vertical and lateral stiffness under the block should be set within a reasonable range to achieve the purpose of reducing the dynamic response of the system, and beyond a certain range, the dynamic response of the rail system will increase significantly, which will affect the safety and stability of train operation. Conclusions: Considering the changes of track vehicle body stability coefficients, the change of deformation control coefficients, and the sensitivity indexes of dynamic performance coefficients to track structure stiffness change, the recommended values of the vertical stiffness under rail, the lateral stiffness under rail, the vertical stiffness under block, and the lateral stiffness under block are, respectively 160 kN/mm, 200 kN/mm, 100 kN/mm, and 200 kN/mm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app112411830
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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