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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quality of Life in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer after a 12-Month Treatment of Lifestyle Modifications
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2020-12-31), p. 136-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2020-12-31), p. 136-
    Abstract: Healthy lifestyles are associated with better health-related quality of life (HRQoL), favorable prognosis and lower mortality in breast cancer (BC) survivors. We investigated changes in HRQoL after a 12-month lifestyle modification program in 227 BC survivors participating in DEDiCa trial (Mediterranean diet, exercise, vitamin D). HRQoL was evaluated through validated questionnaires: EQ-5D-3L, EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-BR23. Baseline changes were tested using analysis of variance. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess treatment effects on HRQoL. Increases were observed in global health status (p 〈 0.001), physical (p = 0.003), role (p = 0.002) and social functioning (p 〈 0.001), body image (p 〈 0.001), future perspective (p 〈 0.001), well-being (p = 0.001), and reductions in fatigue (p 〈 0.001), nausea and vomiting (p = 0.015), dyspnea (p = 0.001), constipation (p = 0.049), financial problems (p = 0.012), sexual functioning (p = 0.025), systematic therapy side effects (p 〈 0.001) and breast symptoms (p = 0.004). Multiple regression analyses found inverse associations between changes in BMI and global health status (p = 0.048) and between serum 25(OH)D levels and breast symptoms (p = 0.002). A healthy lifestyle treatment of traditional Mediterranean diet and exercise may impact positively on HRQoL in BC survivors possibly through reductions in body weight while vitamin D sufficiency may improve BC-related symptoms. These findings are relevant to BC survivors whose lower HRQoL negatively affects treatment compliance and disease outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13010136
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Cross-Species Analysis Reveals Dysthyroidism of the Ovaries as a Common Trait of Premature Ovarian Aging
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2023-02-03), p. 3054-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2023-02-03), p. 3054-
    Abstract: Although the imbalance of circulating levels of Thyroid Hormones (THs) affects female fertility in vertebrates, its involvement in the promotion of Premature Ovarian Aging (POA) is debated. Therefore, altered synthesis of THs in both thyroid and ovary can be a trait of POA. We investigated the relationship between abnormal TH signaling, dysthyroidism, and POA in evolutionary distant vertebrates: from zebrafish to humans. Ovarian T3 signaling/metabolism was evaluated by measuring T3 levels, T3 responsive transcript, and protein levels along with transcripts governing T3 availability (deiodinases) and signaling (TH receptors) in distinct models of POA depending on genetic background and environmental exposures (e.g., diets, pesticides). Expression levels of well-known (Amh, Gdf9, and Inhibins) and novel (miR143/145 and Gas5) biomarkers of POA were assessed. Ovarian dysthyroidism was slightly influenced by genetics since very few differences were found between C57BL/6J and FVB/NJ females. However, diets exacerbated it in a strain-dependent manner. Similar findings were observed in zebrafish and mouse models of POA induced by developmental and long-life exposure to low-dose chlorpyrifos (CPF). Lastly, the T3 decrease in follicular fluids from women affected by diminished ovarian reserve, as well as of the transcripts modulating T3 signaling/availability in the cumulus cells, confirmed ovarian dysthyroidism as a common and evolutionary conserved trait of POA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033054
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Multidimensional Statistical Technique for Interpreting the Spontaneous Breakthrough Cancer Pain Phenomenon. A Secondary Analysis from the IOPS-MS Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2021-08-10), p. 4018-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2021-08-10), p. 4018-
    Abstract: Breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) is a temporary exacerbation of pain that “breaks through” a phase of adequate pain control by an opioid-based therapy. The non-predictable BTcP (NP-BTcP) is a subtype of BTcP that occurs in the absence of any specific activity. Since NP-BTcP has an important clinical impact, this analysis is aimed at characterizing the NP-BTcP phenomenon through a multidimensional statistical technique. This is a secondary analysis based on the Italian Oncologic Pain multiSetting—Multicentric Survey (IOPS-MS). A correlation analysis was performed to characterize the NP-BTcP profile about its intensity, number of episodes per day, and type. The multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) determined the identification of four groups (phenotypes). A univariate analysis was performed to assess differences between the four phenotypes and selected covariates. The four phenotypes represent the hierarchical classification according to the status of NP-BTcP: from the best (phenotype 1) to the worst (phenotype 4). The univariate analysis found a significant association between the onset time 〉 10 min in the phenotype 1 (37.3%)’ vs. the onset 〉 10 min in phenotype 4 (25.8%) (p 〈 0.001). Phenotype 1 was characterized by the gastrointestinal type of cancer (26.4%) with respect to phenotype 4, where the most frequent cancer affected the lung (28.8%) (p 〈 0.001). Phenotype 4 was mainly managed with rapid-onset opioids, while in phenotype 1, many patients were treated with oral, subcutaneous, or intravenous morphine (56.4% and 44.4%, respectively; p = 0.008). The ability to characterize NP-BTcP can offer enormous benefits for the management of this serious aspect of cancer pain. Although requiring validation, this strategy can provide many indications for identifying the diagnostic and therapeutic gaps in NP-BTcP management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164018
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Factors Influencing the Clinical Presentation of Breakthrough Pain in Cancer Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Cancers Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2018-06-01), p. 175-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2018-06-01), p. 175-
    Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to identify potential variables influencing the clinical presentation of breakthrough cancer pain (BTP). Methods: Cancer patients with a diagnosis of BTP were enrolled. Demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as background pain and BTP characteristics were collected. Multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the correlation between BTP characteristics and the variables examined. Results: Data of 4016 patients were analysed. Average daily number of BTP episodes was 2.4, mean intensity was 7.5, and a mean duration was 43.3 min. A short onset BTP was observed in 68.9% of patients. In 30.5% of patients BTP was predictable. There were 86.0% of participants who reported a marked interference of BTP with their daily activities. Furthermore, 86.8% of patients were receiving opioids for the management of BTP. The average time to meaningful pain relief was 16.5 min and 70.9% of patients were satisfied with their BTP medications. Age, head and neck cancer, Karnofsky, background pain intensity, predictable and fast onset BTP were independently associated with the number of BTP episodes. BTP pain intensity was independently associated with background pain intensity, fast onset BTP, and Karnofsky. Neuropathic pain mechanism was independently associated with unpredictable BTP. Variables independently associated with a longer duration of BTP were age, place of visit, cancer diagnosis, disease-oriented therapy, background pain intensity and mechanism, and unpredictable BTP. Age, Karnofsky, background pain intensity, fast onset, and long duration of BTP were independently associated with interference with daily activity. Conclusions: BTP has a variable presentation depending on interdependent relationships among its different characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060175
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Performance Assessment of Giant Reed-Based Building Components
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-01-22), p. 2114-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-01-22), p. 2114-
    Abstract: The growing concern for the reduction of energy needs and the environmental impact of the building sector has placed emphasis on the possibilities offered by natural materials. The adoption of agricultural by-products seems to be promising and in line with the circular economy paradigm. Materials such as hemp and straw have been extensively adopted in contemporary construction, but nevertheless, the potential use of giant reed has not been sufficiently investigated despite being a common infesting plant abundantly available all over the planet. This work focuses on the performances assessment of lime/cement–reeds mixtures as base materials to design a new line of building components (bricks, blocks, panels and loose insulation) that can be used both in new bio-based construction and in existing buildings for energy-efficiency retrofit. The main materials used in the experimental campaign are giant reed by-products, lime, cement and local and recycled aggregates. The evaluation of the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of lime–reed and cement–reed composites are presented. The results of thermal conductivities (between 0.245 and 0.191 W/m K) and mechanical properties (compressive strengths between 0.848 and 1.509 MPa, and flexural strengths between 0.483 and 0.829 MPa) allow meeting the requirements for non-bearing and thermal building blocks. The outcomes show how blocks made with the abovementioned lime–reed mixture have good mechanical performance and thermo-physical behavior when compared to conventional building materials such as hollow clay or hemp blocks with the same thickness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15032114
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Thermal Performance, Microstructure Analysis and Strength Characterisation of Agro-Waste Reinforced Soil Materials
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2023-07-26), p. 11543-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2023-07-26), p. 11543-
    Abstract: The use of raw-earth materials reinforced by natural fibres, i.e., livestock waste in the form of greasy wool, represents an eco-friendly alternative for a variety of construction applications. This proposal is based on the analysis of unfired adobe blocks stabilised with wool fibres for use as both structural and non-structural building materials. The influence of fibre length on the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the tested material was investigated. The thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) of raw-earth samples was assessed by following three different test setting procedures (T = 20 °C, and HR at 30%, 50%, and 70%), with the aim to evaluate the effects of different fibre lengths in the raw-earth mix. Samples reinforced by fibres 20 mm in length exhibited the lowest thermal conductivity coefficient (λ = 0.719 W/mK) obtained by a test reproducing typical indoor conditions within the Mediterranean area, i.e., T = 20 °C, and HR 50%. The best mechanical performance was exhibited by samples reinforced by fibres 40 mm in length, with a flexural and compression strength of 0.88 MPa and 2.97 MPa, respectively. The microstructure of these biocomposites was also examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) to qualitatively evaluate the variation of thermal and mechanical properties due to the different adhesion among the fibres and the soil. The experimental data show good efficiency and a significant improvement in the behaviour of these materials compared to the control samples. The evaluation of the results, with the length of the fibres being the only variable of the analysed samples, allowed for the identification of the mix suitable for the best mechanical and thermal performances, depending on the final use of the material.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151511543
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Prototyping of a Novel Rammed Earth Technology
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 21 ( 2021-10-28), p. 11948-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 21 ( 2021-10-28), p. 11948-
    Abstract: Buildings of the future are called to meet increasingly high-performance requirements and to ensure adequate environmental sustainability of the production and construction chain. This issue has stimulated a keen interest in the use of natural materials in construction. Among these, raw earth has proved to be particularly interesting for its intrinsic availability, sustainability, and recyclability. In Europe, the spread of raw earth building technologies has often been hindered by the lack of specific legislation regulating its use for load-bearing structures, even if in many countries, it can be noticed a widespread and well-established constructive tradition. Some transoceanic research experiences attest that unfired earth can be used, together with different types of reinforcements, to create seismic-resistant buildings. After presenting a review of the main raw earth reinforced technologies, the present study focuses on a novel reinforced and modular rammed earth construction made with natural or recycled materials, developing a technology with low energy consumption and low environmental impact, specifically designed for areas with high seismic risk. In particular, the work presents the results of a prototyping procedure aiming at developing a new seismic-resistant construction system that combines rammed earth with timber reinforcement elements and nylon/polyester ropes. These elements have a dual function: (1) they are fundamental components of the construction process (as they integrate the formwork system), and (2) they act as seismic-resistant devices once the structure is completed. In line with the performance-based approach required by the construction sector, the study aims at defining a controlled and standardised supply chain for rammed earth construction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su132111948
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Engineering Geological and Geophysical Studies Supporting Finite Element Analysis of Historical Buildings after Dynamic Identification
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Geosciences Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-13), p. 84-
    Details
    In: Geosciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-13), p. 84-
    Abstract: Resonance frequencies of a masonry bell tower were estimated by means of ambient noise measurements and compared with those computed by using fixed base, Winkler, and FE numerical, including subsoil. Given the geological complexity that characterizes the subsurface of the analyzed area, despite the presence of massive volcanic outcrops near the bell tower, we carried out a geophysical characterization of the subsoil by using active and passive seismic surveys. These surveys have identified a soft substrate underneath the construction; for this reason, the dynamic identification of the tower was performed, including the interaction with the soil. The resonance frequencies of the masonry bell tower computed by the models are very similar to those obtained using ambient noise. Results suggest that building resonance frequencies, estimated by ambient noise surveys, can be used because of their reliability especially when quick analyses are required at historical buildings located in seismically active areas needing plan actions to reduce their vulnerability. Moreover, such analyses, being performed on samplings acquired within the structure, allow for estimating its dynamic response, taking into account the effect of subsurface characteristics as well.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3263
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/geosciences13030084
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655946-8
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  • 9
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    Raising Awareness on the Clinical and Social Relevance of Adequate Chronic Pain Care
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2022-12-29), p. 551-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2022-12-29), p. 551-
    Abstract: Appropriate pain care should be regarded as a right and effectively guaranteed to people with chronic pain (CP). Law 38, enacted in Italy in 2010, establishes the citizen’s right not to suffer. Twelve years later, such right appears still disregarded in Italy and the current access to adequate pain care reveals significant shortcomings. In addition, a mismatch between CP-associated burden and the available healthcare resources in the framework of our national health system has been observed. This article gathers the perspectives of a Board of Italian anesthesiologists on the state of the art of CP management in Italy and aims at strengthening the scientific rationale and clinical relevance of pursuing the enforceability of the right not to suffer and at promoting widespread multidisciplinary care of patients with CP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010551
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 10
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    A Toxicogenomic Approach Reveals a Novel Gene Regulatory Network Active in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Thyroid Carcinogenesis
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2019-01-04), p. 122-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2019-01-04), p. 122-
    Abstract: Epidemiological and experimental studies emphasize the link between environmental chemicals exposure and thyroid cancer. However, this association is strongly debated and the mechanisms of action of environmental thyroid carcinogens still need to be identified. The analysis of in vitro transcriptomic data developed to investigate the effects of chlorpyrifos on immortalized thyrocytes highlighted the impaired expression of genes involved in endodermal carcinogenesis. This endodermal carcinogenic gene-network (ECGN, including Zfp36l2, Dmbt1, Ddit4), was validated in cellular and mouse models of thyroid carcinogenesis, characterized by the constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and in immortalized thyrocytes exposed to tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and chlorpyrifos (CPF). The mRNA levels of Zfp36l2, Dmbt1 and Ddit4 were increased in models characterized by MAPK activation or following TCDD exposure, whereas they were inhibited by CPF exposure. Overall, the ECGN transcripts identify a novel gene-regulatory network associated with thyroid carcinogenesis promoted by genetic mutation or by environmental carcinogens. The latter have opposite effects on the modulation of the ECGN transcripts according to their mechanisms of action in promoting carcinogenesis. Therefore, the analyses of ECGN might be helpful in discriminating compounds that promote cellular survival associated or not to proliferation of thyrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010122
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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