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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Molecular Detection and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Pigs in Fujian Province, Southeastern China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2022-11-14), p. 3148-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2022-11-14), p. 3148-
    Abstract: Giardia duodenalis, an intestinal parasite, is widely distributed in humans and various animals, such as pigs, cattle and cats. The clinical symptoms of giardiasis are characterized as including abdominal pain, acute or chronic diarrhea, and bloating and weight loss in humans and animals, leading to public and veterinary health problems worldwide. However, the prevalence and genotypes of G. duodenalis in pigs in Fujian Province, southeastern China, have not been reported. In the present study, 725 fecal samples were collected from six cities (Fuqing, Putian, Nanping, Longyan, Sanming, Zhangzhou) in Fujian Province and analyzed for G. duodenalis prevalence and genotypes using nested PCR targeting the beta-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes. The results shown that total occurrence rate of G. duodenalis was 26.9% (195/725) in pigs, with significant differences in the prevalence among different regions (χ2 = 86.508, p 〈 0.05) and groups (χ2 = 12.748, p 〈 0.05). 195, 11 and 6 samples were detected at the bg, tpi and gdh loci, respectively. Each one belonged to a subtype of assemblage E and was analyzed using sequences obtained in this study. Based on phylogenetic analyses of sequences from the three genetic loci, only one MLG E1 was found. The results indicated that pigs may present a potential zoonotic risk of spreading G. duodenalis infection from animals to humans in this area. The findings of the present study also provide basic data for the prevention and control of G. duodenalis infection in pigs and humans in China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12223148
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Serum Metabolite Classifier for the Early Detection of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-Positive Hepatocellular Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Metabolites Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-01), p. 610-
    Details
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-01), p. 610-
    Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been identified as an independent risk factor for hepatocellular cancer (HCC). However, there are no ideal biomarkers for the surveillance and early detection of HCC in the T2DM population at present. In this study, we aimed to explore novel metabolite biomarkers for T2DM-positive [T2DM(+)] HCC by metabolomic analysis. At first, many serum metabolites were found dysregulated in T2DM(+) HCC patients in untargeted metabolomic analyses. Targeted metabolite analyses confirmed that serum benzoic acid and citrulline were increased, and creatine was decreased in T2DM(+) HCC compared to the T2DM group. A metabolite classifier including benzoic acid, creatine, and citrulline was identified as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of T2DM(+) HCC, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.93 for discriminating T2DM(+) HCC patients from T2DM patients. In addition, the metabolite classifier detected small-size (AUC = 0.94), early-stage (AUC = 0.94), and AFP-negative (AUC = 0.96) tumors with high sensitivity and specificity. The combination of this metabolite classifier and AFP might be useful in the surveillance and early detection of HCC in the T2DM population. In conclusion, this study establishes a novel diagnostic tool for T2DM(+) HCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070610
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nanoencapsulation of Mandarin Essential Oil: Fabrication, Characterization, and Storage Stability
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-12-27), p. 54-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-12-27), p. 54-
    Abstract: This study evaluates the combined efficiency of whey protein isolate (WPI) with maltodextrin (MD) and gum arabic (GA), as a delivery system for encapsulating Citrus reticulata essential oil (CEO). The wall materials blended at different rates were produced to obtain seven formulations of nanocapsules (NCEO), namely NCEO-GA, NCEO-MD, NCEO-WPI, NCEO-GA/MD, NCEO-GA/WPI, NCEO-MD/WPI, and NCEO-GA/MD/WPI. The interaction between CEO and WPI was simulated by molecular docking. Findings showed that the physicochemical characteristics and storage stability of formulations containing WPI were considerably improved. The NCEO-GA/MD/WPI formulation demonstrated the optimum values of encapsulation efficiency (92.08%), highest glass transition temperature (79.11 °C), high crystallinity (45.58%), high thermal stability (mass loss at 100 °C 〈 5%), and also had the highest antioxidant activity and lowest peroxide value after storage. This study demonstrated that combining WPI with MD and GA, as wall material encapsulation, can produce nanocapsules with superior properties to those created using polysaccharides individually.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11010054
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Biocompatible Ternary Nanoparticle with High Antibacterial Activity: Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Application in Beef Preservation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2022-02-02), p. 438-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2022-02-02), p. 438-
    Abstract: Edible nanoparticles containing antibacterial agents are one of the effective strategies to control foodborne diseases. Herein, novel ternary nanoparticles (TNP) were prepared from rosemary essential oil (REO), nisin and Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) through hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction. The average particle size of TNP was 211.5 nm, and its encapsulation efficiency reached 86.6%. After the addition of LBP, the physical stability, thermal stability and storage stability of TNP were significantly improved. In vitro, compared with the control group, the population of S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 in the TNP-treated group was reduced by 2.386 log CFU/mL and 1.966 log CFU/mL, respectively, on the fifth day. The free radical scavenging rate of TNP was 63.15%. The application of TNP on beef presented favorable preservation effects without affecting its color and texture. Therefore, the synthesis strategy of TNP has important reference significance for the research and development of new food antibacterial agents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11030438
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adaptive Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm: A New Optimization Strategy for Levenberg–Marquardt Neural Networks
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Mathematics Vol. 9, No. 17 ( 2021-09-06), p. 2176-
    Details
    In: Mathematics, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 17 ( 2021-09-06), p. 2176-
    Abstract: Engineering data are often highly nonlinear and contain high-frequency noise, so the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm may not converge when a neural network optimized by the algorithm is trained with engineering data. In this work, we analyzed the reasons for the LM neural network’s poor convergence commonly associated with the LM algorithm. Specifically, the effects of different activation functions such as Sigmoid, Tanh, Rectified Linear Unit (RELU) and Parametric Rectified Linear Unit (PRLU) were evaluated on the general performance of LM neural networks, and special values of LM neural network parameters were found that could make the LM algorithm converge poorly. We proposed an adaptive LM (AdaLM) algorithm to solve the problem of the LM algorithm. The algorithm coordinates the descent direction and the descent step by the iteration number, which can prevent falling into the local minimum value and avoid the influence of the parameter state of LM neural networks. We compared the AdaLM algorithm with the traditional LM algorithm and its variants in terms of accuracy and speed in the context of testing common datasets and aero-engine data, and the results verified the effectiveness of the AdaLM algorithm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-7390
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/math9172176
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704244-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Residents’ Spatial Preference for Urban Forest Park Route during Physical Activities
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 22 ( 2021-11-09), p. 11756-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 22 ( 2021-11-09), p. 11756-
    Abstract: Urban parks positively affect the life quality and health of urban residents as well as the environment where they live. When it comes to the design of a future urban forest park, it is necessary to consider the protection of ecological environment, landscape sustainability and practicability. This study explored residents’ spatial preference for urban forest parks based on preference survey data. According to the rating scores obtained for four urban forest park routes during physical activities, this study used cognitive maps and multinomial logit models to figure out the potential influencing factors affecting residents’ spatial preference while they engage in physical activities. The results suggest that forest routes are still the primary choice for urban residents. Although familiarity with the spatial image preference for urban forest parks varied from person to person, residents’ choice of route shows certain commonalities, which was reflected in the sequential cognitive maps obtained from them. In addition, residents’ route preference is influenced by their exercise habits, environmental preference and residential location. There is also a certain correlation between residents’ preference and their characteristics. This study provides additional information for planners, developers, engineers, architects and foresters in building a more suitable environment that is aesthetically appealing and ecologically sound for physical exercising.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211756
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of Proteins Involved in Chloroplast Targeting Disturbed by Rice Stripe Virus by Novel Protoplast–Chloroplast Proteomics
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2019-01-10), p. 253-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2019-01-10), p. 253-
    Abstract: Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the most devastating viral pathogens in rice and can also cause the general chlorosis symptom in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The chloroplast changes associated with chlorosis symptom suggest that RSV interrupts normal chloroplast functions. Although the change of proteins of the whole cell or inside the chloroplast in response to RSV infection have been revealed by proteomics, the mechanisms resulted in chloroplast-related symptoms and the crucial factors remain to be elucidated. RSV infection caused the malformation of chloroplast structure and a global reduction of chloroplast membrane protein complexes in N. benthamiana plants. Here, both the protoplast proteome and the chloroplast proteome were acquired simultaneously upon RSV infection, and the proteins in each fraction were analyzed. In the protoplasts, 1128 proteins were identified, among which 494 proteins presented significant changes during RSV; meanwhile, 659 proteins were identified from the chloroplasts, and 279 of these chloroplast proteins presented significant change. According to the label-free LC–MS/MS data, 66 nucleus-encoded chloroplast-related proteins (ChRPs), which only reduced in chloroplast but not in the whole protoplast, were identified, indicating that these nuclear-encoded ChRPswere not transported to chloroplasts during RSV infection. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis confirmed that RSV infection changed the biological process of protein targeting to chloroplast, where 3 crucial ChRPs (K4CSN4, K4CR23, and K4BXN9) were involved in the regulation of protein targeting into chloroplast. In addition to these 3 proteins, 41 among the 63 candidate proteins were characterized to have chloroplast transit peptides. These results indicated that RSV infection changed the biological process of protein targeting into chloroplast and the location of ChRPs through crucial protein factors, which illuminated a new layer of RSV–host interaction that might contribute to the symptom development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020253
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhanced Anti-Mold Property and Mechanism Description of Ag/TiO2 Wood-Based Nanocomposites Formation by Ultrasound- and Vacuum-Impregnation
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-04-04), p. 682-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-04-04), p. 682-
    Abstract: Ag/TiO2 wood-based nanocomposites were prepared by the methods of ultrasound impregnation and vacuum impregnation. The as-prepared samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and water contact angles (WCAs). The anti-mold properties of the Ag/TiO2 wood-based nanocomposites were improved by 14 times compared to those of the original wood. The nano-Ag/TiO2, which was impregnated in the tracheid and attached to the cell walls, was able to form a two-stage rough structure and reduce the number of hydroxyl functional groups on the wood surfaces. The resulting decline of wood hydrophobic and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) destroyed the moisture environment necessary for mold survival. Ag/TiO2 was deposited in the wood pores, which reduced the number and volume of pores and blocked the path of mold infection. Thus, the anti-mold properties of the Ag/TiO2 wood-based nanocomposite were improved by cutting off the water source and blocking the mold infection path. This study reveals the anti-mold mechanism of Ag/TiO2 wood-based nanocomposites and provides a feasible pathway for wood-based nanocomposites with anti-mold functions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano10040682
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in Micro-/Mesopore Regulation Methods for Plant-Derived Carbon Materials
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-11), p. 4261-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-11), p. 4261-
    Abstract: In recent years, renewable and clean energy has become increasingly important due to energy shortage and environmental pollution. Selecting plants as the carbon precursors to replace costly non-renewable energy sources causing severe pollution is a good choice. In addition, owing to their diverse microstructure and the rich chemical composition, plant-based carbon materials are widely used in many fields. However, some of the plant-based carbon materials have the disadvantage of possessing a large percentage of macroporosity, limiting their functionality. In this paper, we first introduce two characteristics of plant-derived carbon materials: diverse microstructure and rich chemical composition. Then, we propose improvement measures to cope with a high proportion of macropores of plant-derived carbon materials. Emphatically, size regulation methods are summarized for micropores (KOH activation, foam activation, physical activation, freezing treatment, and fungal treatment) and mesopores (H3PO4 activation, enzymolysis, molten salt activation, and template method). Their advantages and disadvantages are also compared and analyzed. Finally, the paper makes suggestions on the pore structure improvement of plant-derived carbon materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14204261
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
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    Application of Xanthan-Gum-Based Edible Coating Incorporated with Litsea cubeba Essential Oil Nanoliposomes in Salmon Preservation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-05-24), p. 1535-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-05-24), p. 1535-
    Abstract: Salmon is prone to be contaminated by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus), leading to the deterioration of salmon quality and the occurrence of food-borne diseases. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel xanthan-gum-based edible coating embedded with nano-encapsulated Litsea cubeba essential oil (LC-EO) for salmon preservation at 4 °C. First, the results of the growth curves and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that LC-EO displayed potent antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus; the optimal concentration of LC-EO in the liposomes was 5 mg/mL, and the maximal encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 37.8%. The particle size, polydispersity coefficient (PDI), and zeta potential of the liposomes were 168.10 nm, 0.250, and −32.14 mV, respectively. The rheological test results of xanthan-gum-based edible coatings incorporating liposomes showed that the prepared coating was suitable for applying on food surfaces. The results in the challenge test at 4 °C demonstrated that the treatment of 1:3 (liposome: xanthan gum, v/v) coating performed the best preservative properties, the coating treatment delayed the oxidation of salmon, and controlled the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. These findings suggest that the coatings formulated in this study could be used as a promising approach to control V. parahaemolyticus contamination and maintain salmon quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11111535
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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