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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Herb Polysaccharide-Based Drug Delivery System: Fabrication, Properties, and Applications for Immunotherapy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2022-08-15), p. 1703-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2022-08-15), p. 1703-
    Abstract: Herb polysaccharides (HPS) have been studied extensively for their healthcare applications. Though the toxicity was not fully clarified, HPS were widely accepted for their biodegradability and biocompatibility. In addition, as carbohydrate polymers with a unique chemical composition, molecular weight, and functional group profile, HPS can be conjugated, cross-linked, and functionally modified. Thus, they are great candidates for the fabrication of drug delivery systems (DDS). HPS-based DDS (HPS-DDS) can bypass phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system, prevent the degradation of biomolecules, and increase the bioavailability of small molecules, thus exerting therapeutic effects. In this review, we focus on the application of HPS as components of immunoregulatory DDS. We summarize the principles governing the fabrication of HPS-DDS, including nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, microemulsions, hydrogels, and microneedles. In addition, we discuss the role of HPS in DDS for immunotherapy. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights that could guide the design of effective HPS-DDS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081703
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Bimetallic Dimer-Embedded TiO2(101) Surface on CO2 Reduction: The First-Principles Calculation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2022-03-30), p. 2538-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2022-03-30), p. 2538-
    Abstract: The first-principles calculation was used to explore the effect of a bimetallic dimer-embedded anatase TiO2(101) surface on CO2 reduction behaviors. For the dimer-embedded anatase TiO2(101) surface, Zn-Cu, Zn-Pt, and Zn-Pd dimer interstitials could stably stay on the TiO2(101) surface with a binding energy of about −2.36 eV, as well as the electronic states’ results. Meanwhile, the results of adsorption energy, structure parameters, and electronic states indicated that CO2 was first physically and then chemically adsorbed much more stably on these three kinds of dimer-embedded TiO2(101) substrate with a small barrier energy of 0.03 eV, 0.23 eV, and 0.12 eV. Regarding the reduction process, the highest-energy barriers of the CO2 molecule on the Zn-Cu dimer-embedded TiO2(101) substrate was 0.31 eV, which largely benefited the CO2-reduction reaction (CO2RR) activity and was much lower than that of the other two kinds of Zn-Pt and Cu-Pt dimer-TiO2 systems. Simultaneously, the products CO* and *O* of CO2 reduction were firmly adsorbed on the dimer-embedded TiO2(101) surface. Our results indicated that a non-noble Zn-Cu dimer might be a more suitable and economical choice, which might theoretically promote the designation of high CO2RR performance on TiO2 catalysts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15072538
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bioapplications of Cell-SELEX-Generated Aptamers in Cancer Diagnostics, Therapeutics, Theranostics and Biomarker Discovery: A Comprehensive Review
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Cancers Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-02-09), p. 47-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-02-09), p. 47-
    Abstract: Currently, functional single-stranded oligonucleotide probes, termed aptamers, generated by an iterative technology, Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX), are utilized to selectively target molecules or cells with high affinity. Aptamers hold considerable promise as multifunctional molecules or conjugates for challenging nanotechnologies or bioapplications now and in the future. In this review, we first describe recent endeavors to select aptamers towards live cancer cells via cell-SELEX. We then introduce several characteristic applications of selected aptamers, especially in imaging, drug delivery and therapy. In part, these advances have been made possible via synthesis of aptamer-based nanomaterials, which, by their sizes, shapes, and physicochemical properties, allow such aptamer-nanomaterial complexes to function as signal reporters or drug carriers. We also describe how these aptamer-based molecular tools contribute to cancer biomarker discovery through high-affinity recognition of membrane protein receptors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020047
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Research on the Constitutive Model of PTFE/Al/Si Reactive Material
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-03-27), p. 1358-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-03-27), p. 1358-
    Abstract: As a new type of energetic material, reactive materials are widely used at present; in particular, the metal/polymer mixtures type reactive materials show great advantages in engineering applications. This type of reactive material has good mechanical properties, and its overall performance is insensitive and high-energy under external impact loading. After a large number of previous studies, our team found that the energy release characteristics of PTFE/Al/Si reactive material are prominent. In order to master the mechanical properties of PTFE/Al/Si reactive materials, the quasi-static mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties were obtained by carrying out a quasi-static compression test and a dynamic SHPB test in this paper. Based on the experimental data, a Johnson-Cook constitutive model of PTFE/Al/Si reactive material considering strain hardening effect, strain rate hardening effect and thermal softening effect was constructed. The relevant research results will be used to guide future research on the reaction mechanism of PTFE/Al/Si reactive materials, in order to promote the engineering application of PTFE/Al/Si reactive materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14071358
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aerosol Nutrients and Their Biological Influence on the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) and Its Marginal Seas
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biology Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2022-05-30), p. 842-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2022-05-30), p. 842-
    Abstract: Atmospheric deposition is recognized as a significant source of nutrients in the surface ocean. The East Asia region is among the largest sources of aerosol emissions in the world, due to its large industrial, agricultural, and energy production. Thus, East Asian aerosols contain a large proportion of anthropogenic particles that are characterized by small size, complex composition, and high nutrient dissolution, resulting in important influences on marine microbes and biogeochemical cycles in the downwind areas of the northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO). By using remote sensing, modeling, and incubation experimental methods, enhanced primary production due to the East Asian aerosol input has been observed in the NWPO, with subsequent promotion and inhibition impacts on different phytoplankton taxa. Changes of bacterial activity and diversity also occur in response to aerosol input. The impact of East Asian aerosol loadings is closely related to the amount and composition of the aerosol deposition as well as the hydrological condition of the receiving seawater. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the atmospheric nutrients and the effects of the East Asian aerosols on microbes in the NWPO region. Future research perspectives are also proposed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology11060842
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Response of Runoff to Extreme Land Use Change in the Permafrost Region of Northeastern China
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Forests Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2021-07-31), p. 1021-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2021-07-31), p. 1021-
    Abstract: To study the response of runoff to extreme changes in land use, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to construct historical, extreme, and future scenarios for several major landscape types in a permafrost region of northeastern China. The results show that the SWAT model is applicable in the Tahe River Basin; forestlands, shrublands, wetlands, and grasslands are the main land-use types in this basin, and the transfers among them from 1980–2015 have impacted runoff by less than 5%. Under extreme land use-change scenarios, the simulated runoff decreased from grasslands, to wetlands, shrublands, and finally, forestlands. The conversion of extreme land-use scenarios produces different hydrological effects. When forestland is converted to grassland, runoff increases by 25.32%, when forestland is converted to wetland, runoff increases by 13.34%, and the conversion of shrubland to forestland reduces runoff by 13.25%. In addition, the sensitivity of runoff to different land-use changes was much greater during flood seasons than in dry seasons. Compared to the reference year of 2015, the annual simulated runoff under the two future land-use scenarios (shrublands to forestlands and shrublands to wetland) was less. Also, both future land-use scenarios showed effects to decrease flooding and increased dryness, This study provided important insight into the integrated management of land use and water resources in the Tahe River Basin and the permafrost region of northeastern China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f12081021
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of the Evolution of the Relationship between the Urban Pattern and Economic Development in Guangdong Province Based on Coupled Multisource Data
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-10-08), p. 512-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-10-08), p. 512-
    Abstract: Regarding the rapid development of urban agglomeration (UA) in Guangdong Province in the past two decades, this study revealed the temporal and spatial evolution of the urban pattern of the province and the current urbanization process. This study determined the geographical spatial distribution and change in the UA lighting scale in Guangdong Province, analyzed the relationship between the lighting change and development and the dynamic evolution of the gross domestic product, and explored the expansion intensity and center of gravity migration direction of UA. The results showed that from 2000 to 2020, the lighting scale of the border areas of Guangdong Province was lower than that of the inland areas, whereas the lighting growth rate of the border areas was higher than that of the inland areas. The built-up area steadily expanded from the center to the outside within the time range of the study, and the center of gravity of the ellipse tended to shift northwest. The study provides visual and scientific data for the spatiotemporal evolution of the urban pattern in Guangdong Province and has important reference significance for analyzing urbanization development and planning urban construction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi11100512
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Phase-Transformation-Activated MnCO3 as Cathode Material of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Batteries Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2022-11-15), p. 239-
    Details
    In: Batteries, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2022-11-15), p. 239-
    Abstract: The intrinsic high safety of rechargeable aqueous batteries makes them particularly advantageous in the field of large-scale energy storage. Among them, rechargeable Zn–Mn batteries with high energy density, low cost, high discharge voltage, and nontoxicity have been considered as one of the most promising aqueous battery systems. However, exiting research on manganese-based cathode materials mainly focuses on diverse manganese oxides analogs, while reports on other promising manganese-based analogs with high performance are still limited. Herein, we report a MnCO3 cathode material, which can be manufactured on a large scale by a facile coprecipitation method. Interestingly, the MnCO3 can spontaneously be converted into MnO2 material during the charging process. The Zn–MnCO3 battery delivers a highly specific capacity (280 mAh g−1) even at the high current density of 50 mA g−1. It is also noteworthy that the battery with a high loading mass (7.2 mg cm−2) exhibits good reversibility of charge–discharge for 2000 cycles, showing a competitive cycling stability in aqueous systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2313-0105
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/batteries8110239
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813972-0
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Hydrogen Peroxide Activated by Biochar-Supported Sulfidated Nano Zerovalent Iron for Removal of Sulfamethazine: Response Surface Method Approach
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 16 ( 2022-08-11), p. 9923-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 16 ( 2022-08-11), p. 9923-
    Abstract: Biochar (BC)-supported sulfide-modified nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI/BC) was prepared using the liquid-phase reduction method for the application of the removal of sulfamethazine (SMZ) from water. The reaction conditions were optimized by the Box–Behnken response surface method (RSM). A model was constructed based on the influence factors of the removal rate, i.e., the carbon-to-iron ratio (C/Fe), iron-sulfur ratio (Fe/S), pH, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, and the influence of each factor on the removal efficiency was investigated. The optimal removal process parameters were determined based on theoretical and experimental results. The results showed that the removal efficiency was significantly affected by the C/Fe ratio and pH (p 〈 0.0001) but relatively weakly affected by the Fe/S ratio (p = 0.0973) and H2O2 concentration (p = 0.022). The optimal removal process parameters were as follows: 0.1 mol/L H2O2, a pH of 3.18, a C/Fe ratio of 0.411, and a Fe/S ratio of 59.75. The removal rate of SMZ by S-nZVI/BC was 100% under these conditions. Therefore, it is feasible to use the Box–Behnken RSM to optimize the removal of emerging pollutants in water bodies by S-nZVI/BC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169923
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Analysis of the Influence of Attitude Error on Underwater Positioning and Its High-Precision Realization Algorithm
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-10), p. 3878-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-10), p. 3878-
    Abstract: GNSS/INS can provide position, attitude, and velocity (PAV) information for shipborne platforms. However, if the ship has a long-term linear motion or a stationary state, and is under the combined actions of sea surface swells, there will be a situation of sideslip and drift; if the ship is traveling slowly or shaking violently, the attitude calculation will not be completed. In the above situation, the traditional single-antenna GNSS/INS measurement mode is not suitable, and the attitude observability is poor; the heading angle attitude information, especially, will gradually diverge. Unreliable information will directly lead to a significant increase in underwater positioning errors. In this paper, a multi-antenna GNSS/INS combination algorithm is developed and used to provide high-precision PAV information, and is thereby able to obtain high-precision underwater positioning results. The experimental results show that the method has improved the acquisition of position and velocity in the horizontal direction and the accuracy of navigation attitude measurement. In particular, the attitude measurement accuracy in the 3 degrees of freedom (DoF) are improved by 10.1% (roll), 8.6% (pitch), and 29.3% (yaw).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14163878
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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