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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A New Index Based on Serum Creatinine and Cystatin C Can Predict the Risks of Sarcopenia, Falls and Fractures in Old Patients with Low Bone Mineral Density
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2022-11-25), p. 5020-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2022-11-25), p. 5020-
    Abstract: As new screening tools for sarcopenia, the serum sarcopenia index (SI) and creatinine/cystatin C ratio (CCR) had not been confirmd in a population with a high fragility fracture risk. This study aimed to evaluate whether SI and CCR indicators are useful for diagnosing sarcopenia and to determine their prediction values for future falls and fractures. A total of 404 hospitalized older adults were enrolled in this longitudinal follow-up study (mean age = 66.43 ± 6.80 years). The receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of SI and CCR. Backward-selection binary logistic regression was applied to develop the optimal models for the diagnosis of new falls and fractures. SI had a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) than CCR for predicting sarcopenia. The optimal models had acceptable discriminative powers for predicting new falls and fractures. Lower SI and CCR are the independent risks for sarcopenia, new falls, and fractures in the low-BMD population. SI and CCR, as easily accessible biochemical markers, may be useful in the detection of sarcopenia and in predicting the occurrence of new falls and fractures in patients with low BMD who have not previously experienced falls or fractures. However, further external validations are required.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14235020
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
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    STAB-GCN: A Spatio-Temporal Attention-Based Graph Convolutional Network for Group Activity Recognition
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Mathematics Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2023-07-12), p. 3074-
    Details
    In: Mathematics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2023-07-12), p. 3074-
    Abstract: Group activity recognition is a central theme in many domains, such as sports video analysis, CCTV surveillance, sports tactics, and social scenario understanding. However, there are still challenges in embedding actors’ relations in a multi-person scenario due to occlusion, movement, and light. Current studies mainly focus on collective and individual local features from the spatial and temporal perspectives, which results in inefficiency, low robustness, and low portability. To this end, a Spatio-Temporal Attention-Based Graph Convolution Network (STAB-GCN) model is proposed to effectively embed deep complex relations between actors. Specifically, we leverage the attention mechanism to attentively explore spatio-temporal latent relations between actors. This approach captures spatio-temporal contextual information and improves individual and group embedding. Then, we feed actor relation graphs built from group activity videos into our proposed STAB-GCN for further inference, which selectively attends to the relevant features while ignoring those irrelevant to the relation extraction task. We perform experiments on three available group activity datasets, acquiring better performance than state-of-the-art methods. The results verify the validity of our proposed model and highlight the obstructive impacts of spatio-temporal attention-based graph embedding on group activity recognition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-7390
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/math11143074
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704244-3
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  • 3
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    Effect of Solid-Solid Phase Change Material’s Direct Interaction on Physical and Rheological Properties of Asphalt
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Coatings Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-05-03), p. 625-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-05-03), p. 625-
    Abstract: Asphalt pavement is a temperature−sensitive structure that is prone to temperature-related diseases. Phase change material (PCM) is an excellent candidate for mitigating these diseases. This paper looked into the effects of indirect composite shape-stabilized PCM incorporation on the characteristics of asphalt. The compatibility, physical properties, and rheological properties of asphalt with various PCM content before and after aging were thoroughly investigated. No phase separation and no chemical reaction occurred between PCM and asphalt. The physical properties improved with the addition of PCM, and the high−temperature performance indexes improved while the low−temperature performance indexes decreased as the aging process progressed. The effects of PCM on the rheological properties of the matrix and SBS−modified asphalt was distinct. PCM was added to improve the high−temperature rheological characteristics of the matrix asphalt when the temperature was higher than 52 °C, while PCM reduced the high−temperature rheological properties of the SBS−modified asphalt. The aging process has an impact on the high−temperature rutting factor of asphalt with a high PCM content. The low−temperature creep behavior and PG grade of asphalt were both improved. The implication of PCM is that it cannot increase the thermoregulation of asphalt pavement without the cost of scarifying the performance of the asphalt or mixture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050625
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 4
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    Application of Carrier Materials in Self-Healing Cement-Based Materials Based on Microbial-Induced Mineralization
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Crystals Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-03), p. 797-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-03), p. 797-
    Abstract: Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology has attracted widespread research attention owing to its application in crack healing for cement-based materials in an intelligent and environmentally friendly manner. However, the high internal alkalinity, low nutrient content, and dense structure of cement-based materials have restricted its application in self-healing cement-based materials. Various carrier materials have been widely used for the immobilization of microorganisms in recent years. Carrier materials have significantly increased the ability of microorganisms to withstand extreme conditions (high temperature, high alkali, etc.) and have provided new ideas for the compatibility of microorganisms with cement-based materials. In this study, the basic principles of microbial self-healing technology in cement-based materials and microbial immobilization methods and the influencing factors are introduced, followed by a review of the research progress and application effects of different types of carrier materials, such as aggregate, low-alkali cementitious materials, organic materials, and microcapsules. Finally, the current problems and promising development directions of microbial carrier materials are summarized to provide useful references for the future development of microbial carriers and self-healing cement-based materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst12060797
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Possible Catch-Up Developmental Trajectories for Children with Mild Developmental Delay Caused by NAA15 Pathogenic Variants
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Genes Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2022-03-18), p. 536-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2022-03-18), p. 536-
    Abstract: Variants in NAA15 are closely related to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). In this study, we investigated the spectrum and clinical features of NAA15 variants in a Chinese NDD cohort of 769 children. Four novel NAA15 pathogenic variants were detected by whole-exome sequencing, including three de novo variants and one maternal variant. The in vitro minigene splicing assay confirmed one noncanonical splicing variant (c.1410+5G 〉 C), which resulted in abnormal mRNA splicing. All affected children presented mild developmental delay, and catch-up trajectories were noted in three patients based on their developmental scores at different ages. Meanwhile, the literature review also showed that half of the reported patients with NAA15 variants presented mild/moderate developmental delay or intellectual disability, and possible catch-up sign was indicated for three affected patients. Taken together, our study expanded the spectrum of NAA15 variants in NDD patients. The affected patients presented mild developmental delay, and possible catch-up developmental trajectories were suggested. Studying the natural neurodevelopmental trajectories of NDD patients with pathogenic variants and their benefits from physical rehabilitations are needed in the future for precise genetic counseling and clinical management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes13030536
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 6
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    Quality Distinguish of Red Ginseng from Different Origins by HPLC–ELSD/PDA Combined with HPSEC–MALLS–RID, Focus on the Sugar-Markers
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Separations Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2021-10-27), p. 198-
    Details
    In: Separations, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2021-10-27), p. 198-
    Abstract: Red ginseng (RG) has been extensively utilized in Asian countries due to its pharmacological effects. For the quality evaluation of RG, small molecules, such as ginsenosides, have been widely considered as candidates of its quality markers (Q-markers), and various analytical techniques have been developed in order to identify these compounds. However, despite the efforts to analyze the hydrophobic constituents, it is worth pointing out that about 60% of the mass of RG is made of carbohydrates, including mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides. Consequently, the quality differentiation and identification of RG from the perspective of sugar-markers should be focused. High performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC–ELSD) method for the determination of disaccharides in RG was established. Furthermore, high performance size exclusion chromatography–multi-angle laser light scattering–refractive index detector (HPSEC–MALLS–RID) for the determination of molecular weight and high performance liquid chromatography photodiode array (HPLC–PDA) for the determination of compositional monosaccharides in RG polysaccharides were also established. HPLC–ELSD/PDA combined with HPSEC–MALLS–RID could be used to determine the contents of disaccharides, molecular weights, and compositional monosaccharides of RG polysaccharides, which could be used for quality control, and this is a new view on the sugar marker to quality differentiation of various origins of RG.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-8739
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/separations8110198
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2869930-0
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  • 7
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    Reinforcement of Recycled Aggregate by Microbial-Induced Mineralization and Deposition of Calcium Carbonate—Influencing Factors, Mechanism and Effect of Reinforcement
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Crystals Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-07-30), p. 887-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-07-30), p. 887-
    Abstract: Recycled aggregate is aggregate prepared from construction waste. With the development of a global economy and people’s attention to sustainable development, recycled aggregate has shown advantages in replacing natural aggregate in the production of concrete due to its environmental friendliness, low energy consumption, and low cost. Recycled aggregate exhibits high water absorption and a multi-interface transition zone, which limits its application scope. Researchers have used various methods to improve the properties of recycled aggregate, such as microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology. In this paper, the results of recent studies on the reinforcement of recycled aggregate by MICP technology are synthesized, and the factors affecting the strengthening effect of recycled aggregate are reviewed. Moreover, the strengthening mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of MICP technology are summarized. After the modified treatment, the aggregate performance is significantly improved. Regardless of whether the aggregate was used in mortar or concrete, the mechanical properties of the specimens were clearly improved. However, there are some issues regarding the application of MICP technology, such as the use of an expensive culture medium, a long modification cycle, and untargeted mineralization deposition. These difficulties need to be overcome in the future for the industrialization of regenerated aggregate materials via MICP technology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst11080887
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 8
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    Study on the Dynamic Performance of PU and SBS-Modified Asphalt Mixtures with Dense Gradation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Coatings Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-06-24), p. 1143-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-06-24), p. 1143-
    Abstract: A polyurethane (PU) mixture with excellent strength is regarded as an alternative to a modified asphalt mixture, but characteristic analysis on them is lacking. In this paper, the dynamic modulus of PU- and SBS-modified asphalt mixtures with the same gradation, aggregate type, and binder content was investigated and compared in terms of dynamic and viscoelastic properties. Compared with the SBS-modified asphalt mixture, the PU mixture with an extremely high dynamic modulus and reduced phase angle at high temperatures had lower temperature sensitivity, which allowed it to resist high-temperature deformation. While the phase angle did not show a statistically significant correlation, the dynamic modulus between the two mixtures did. The dynamic modulus and phase angle values of the PU mixture showed relatively small deviations and could be fitted to produce acceptable master curves, which exhibited obvious differences compared to those of the SBS-modified asphalt mixture. The PU mixture exhibited elastic properties during the test temperature range and, since its thermal rheological property is much smaller than that of the SBS-modified asphalt mixture, it is closer to viscoelastic material. This study provides an understanding of the PU mixture’s dynamic and viscoelastic properties, as well as material information for pavement design and performance prediction with PU mixture layers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings13071143
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 9
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    Study on the Influence Factors of the Dynamic Property of the Polyurethane Mixture with Dense Gradation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Coatings Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-08-20), p. 1465-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-08-20), p. 1465-
    Abstract: Similar to the asphalt mixture, the polyurethane (PU) mixture’s performance and characteristics are dependent on many variables. In this study, six variables, including aggregate gradation (limestone and basalt), aggregate type, PU type, PU content, and curing condition, and several parameter analyzing methods were chosen to determine the effect of variables on the dynamic property, rheological property, and rutting resistance of the PU mixture. The limestone aggregate gradation exhibited a substantial effect on the dynamic property, rheological property, and rutting resistance of the PU mixture; the basalt aggregate gradation exhibited significant influence on the dynamic property and rutting resistance, but a moderate effect on the rheological property. The aggregate type could influence the rheological property and rutting resistance. The slow curing speed of the PU binder decreased the dynamic modulus and rutting resistance but did not influence the phase angle. The rise in PU binder content would only improve the PU mixture’s resistance to rutting. The curing condition and color additive had no impact on the PU mixture’s properties. The generalized logistic sigmoidal (GLS) and Christensen Anderson and Marasteanu model (CAM) models could precisely predict the dynamic modulus and phase angle respectively disregarding the PU mixture features. PUM-10/B exhibited the greatest rutting resistance. The findings will aid in comprehending the properties and influencing factors of the PU mixture as well as in designing the desired mixture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings13081465
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Wetlands Classification Using Quad-Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar through Convolutional Neural Networks Based on Polarimetric Features
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-14), p. 5133-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-14), p. 5133-
    Abstract: Wetlands are the “kidneys” of the earth and are crucial to the ecological environment. In this study, we utilized GF-3 quad-polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (QP) images to classify the ground objects (nearshore water, seawater, spartina alterniflora, tamarix, reed, tidal flat, and suaeda salsa) in the Yellow River Delta through convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based on polarimetric features. In this case, four schemes were proposed based on the extracted polarimetric features from the polarization coherency matrix and reflection symmetry decomposition (RSD). Through the well-known CNNs: AlexNet and VGG16 as backbone networks to classify GF-3 QP images. After testing and analysis, 21 total polarimetric features from RSD and the polarization coherency matrix for QP image classification contributed to the highest overall accuracy (OA) of 96.54% and 94.93% on AlexNet and VGG16, respectively. The performance of the polarization coherency matrix and polarimetric power features was similar but better than just using three main diagonals of the polarization coherency matrix. We also conducted noise test experiments. The results indicated that OAs and kappa coefficients decreased in varying degrees after we added 1 to 3 channels of Gaussian random noise, which proved that the polarimetric features are helpful for classification. Thus, higher OAs and kappa coefficients can be acquired when more informative polarimetric features are input CNNs. In addition, the performance of RSD was slightly better than obtained using the polarimetric coherence matrix. Therefore, RSD can help improve the accuracy of polarimetric SAR image classification of wetland objects using CNNs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14205133
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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