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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Protein–Protein Interaction between RSK3 and IκBα and a New Binding Inhibitor That Suppresses Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-06-14), p. 2973-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-06-14), p. 2973-
    Abstract: Multiple cancer-related biological processes are mediated by protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Through interactions with a variety of factors, members of the ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family play roles in cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. In particular, RSK3 contributes to cancer viability, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We performed a kinase library screen to find IκBα PPI binding partners and identified RSK3 as a novel IκBα binding partner using a cell-based distribution assay. In addition, we discovered a new PPI inhibitor using mammalian two-hybrid (MTH) analysis. We assessed the antitumor effects of the new inhibitor using cell proliferation and colony formation assays and monitored the rate of cell death by FACS apoptosis assay. IκBα is phosphorylated by the active form of the RSK3 kinase. A small-molecule inhibitor that targets the RSK3/IκBα complex exhibited antitumor activity in breast cancer cells and increased their rate of apoptosis. RSK3 phosphorylation and RSK3/IκBα complex formation might be functionally important in breast tumorigenesis. The RSK3/IκBα-specific binding inhibitor identified in this study represents a lead compound for the development of new anticancer drugs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122973
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 2
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    Construction and Commissioning of PAL-XFEL Facility
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2017-05-17), p. 479-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2017-05-17), p. 479-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app7050479
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 3
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    The Effectiveness of Early Enteral Nutrition on Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Sepsis Patients: A Systematic Review
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 14 ( 2023-07-19), p. 3201-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 14 ( 2023-07-19), p. 3201-
    Abstract: The optimal timing of enteral nutrition (EN) in sepsis patients is controversial among societal guidelines. We aimed to evaluate the evidence of early EN’s impact on critically ill sepsis patients’ clinical outcomes. We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICTRP databases on 10 March 2023. We included studies published after 2004 that compared early EN versus delayed EN in sepsis patients. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, cohort studies, and case–control studies. Forest plots were used to summarize risk ratios (RRs), including mortality and mean difference (MD) of continuous variables such as intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and ventilator-free days. We identified 11 eligible studies with sample sizes ranging from 31 to 2410. The RR of short-term mortality from three RCTs was insignificant, and the MD of ICU length of stay from two RCTs was −2.91 and −1.00 days (95% confidence interval [CI] , −5.53 to −0.29 and −1.68 to −0.32). Although the RR of intestinal-related complications from one RCT was 3.82 (95% CI, 1.43 to 10.19), indicating a significantly higher risk for the early EN group than the control group, intestinal-related complications of EN reported in five studies were inconclusive. This systematic review did not find significant benefits of early EN on mortality in sepsis patients. Evidence, however, is weak due to inconsistent definitions, heterogeneity, risk of bias, and poor methodology in the existing studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15143201
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 4
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    Adequacy of Disease Control by Supraomohyoid Neck Dissection in cT1/T2 Tongue Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-09-19), p. 1535-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-09-19), p. 1535-
    Abstract: Background: Patients affected by oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) underwent a supraomohyoid neck dissection (SOHND) or modified radical neck dissection (mRND) according to the clinical nodal status (cN0 vs. cN+). We investigate whether the type of neck dissection affects survival with the presence of extranodal extension (ENE) and multiple nodal metastases (MNM). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study enrolling surgically treated patients affected by cT1/T2 OTSCC and MNM or ENE. The outcomes assessed were: overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and neck-control- and metastases-free survival (NC-MFS). Survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test. Furthermore, we conducted a multivariable analysis with the Cox regression model. Results: We included a total of 565 patients (36% cT1, 64% cT2). Of these, 501 patients underwent a SOHND, and 64 underwent an mRND. A total of 184 patients presented rpN+, with 28.7% of these in the SOHND group and 62.5% of these in the mRND group. We identified no significant differences in OS, DFS, and NC-MFS in the whole pN+ cohort, in the MNM, and the ENE subgroups. In the multivariable analysis, the type of ND did not affect OS and DFS. Conclusions: Treating cT1-2 N0/+ tongue cancer with SOHND is oncologically safe. ENE and MNM patients do not benefit from an mRND.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091535
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 5
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    Regional Absorption of Fimasartan in the Gastrointestinal Tract by an Improved in situ Absorption Method in Rats
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2018-10-03), p. 174-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2018-10-03), p. 174-
    Abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the regional absorption of fimasartan by an improved in situ absorption method in comparison with the conventional in situ single-pass perfusion method in rats. After each gastrointestinal segment of interest was identified, fimasartan was injected into the starting point of each segment and the unabsorbed fimasartan was discharged from the end point of the segment. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein to evaluate the systemic absorption of the drug. The relative fraction absorbed (Fabs,relative) values in the specific gastrointestinal region calculated based on the area under the curve (AUC) values obtained after the injection of fimasartan into the gastrointestinal segment were 8.2% ± 3.2%, 23.0% ± 12.1%, 49.7% ± 11.5%, and 19.1% ± 11.9% for the stomach, duodenum, small intestine, and large intestine, respectively, which were comparable with those determined by the conventional in situ single-pass perfusion. By applying the fraction of the dose available at each gastrointestinal segment following the oral administration, the actual fraction absorbed (F’abs) values at each gastrointestinal segment were estimated at 10.9% for the stomach, 27.1% for the duodenum, 40.7% for the small intestine, and 5.4% for the large intestine, which added up to the gastrointestinal bioavailability (FX·FG) of 84.1%. The present method holds great promise to assess the regional absorption of a drug and aid to design new drug formulations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040174
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    Parotid Space, a Different Space from Other Deep Neck Infection Spaces
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2021-11-15), p. 2361-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2021-11-15), p. 2361-
    Abstract: Deep neck infections (DNIs) such as parotid abscesses are medical emergencies with a seemingly different etiology and treatment course from other DNIs. We sought to confirm this in the present retrospective population-based cohort study. Between August 2016 and January 2020, 412 patients with DNIs seen at a tertiary medical center were enrolled in this study. Infections of the parotid space were compared with those of other deep neck spaces, according to patient characteristics. All patients were divided into parotid space (PS; n = 91, 22.08%) and non-parotid space (NPS; n = 321, 77.92%) subgroups. We further divided the patients into single parotid space (PS-single; n = 50, 12.13%), single non-parotid space (NPS-single; n = 149, 36.16%), multiple parotid space (PS-multiple; n = 41, 9.95%), and multiple non-parotid space (NPS-multiple; n = 172, 41.76%) DNI subgroups. In the PS-single and PS-multiple subgroups, a longer duration of symptoms (p = 0.001), lower white blood cell count (p = 0.001), lower C-reactive protein level (p = 0.010), higher rate of ultrasonography-guided drainage (p 〈 0.001), and lower rates of surgical incision and drainage (p 〈 0.001) were observed compared with the NPS-single and NPS-multiple subgroups. The PS group had a higher positive Klebsiella pneumoniae culture rate (p 〈 0.001), and lower positive Streptococcus constellatus (p = 0.002), and Streptococcus anginosus (p = 0.025) culture rates than the NPS group. In a multivariate analysis, K. pneumoniae was independently associated with parotoid space involvement in comparisons of the PS and NPS groups, PS-single and NPS-single subgroups, and PS-multiple and NPS-multiple subgroups. The clinical presentation of a parotid space infection differs from that of other deep neck space infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112361
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 7
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    Prognostic Value of Early Intermittent Electroencephalography in Patients after Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-06-04), p. 1745-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-06-04), p. 1745-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether early intermittent electroencephalography (EEG) could be used to predict neurological prognosis of patients who underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). This was a retrospective and observational study of adult patients who were evaluated by EEG scan within 96 h after ECPR. The primary endpoint was neurological status upon discharge from the hospital assessed with a Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) scale. Among 69 adult cardiac arrest patients who underwent ECPR, 17 (24.6%) patients had favorable neurological outcomes (CPC score of 1 or 2). Malignant EEG patterns were more common in patients with poor neurological outcomes (CPC score of 3, 4 or 5) than in patients with favorable neurological outcomes (73.1% vs. 5.9%, p 〈 0.001). All patients with highly malignant EEG patterns (43.5%) had poor neurological outcomes. In multivariable analysis, malignant EEG patterns and duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation were significantly associated with poor neurological outcomes. In this study, malignant EEG patterns within 96 h after cardiac arrest were significantly associated with poor neurological outcomes. Therefore, an early intermittent EEG scan could be helpful for predicting neurological prognosis of post-cardiac arrest patients after ECPR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061745
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 8
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    The Impact of Hypoxic Hepatitis on Clinical Outcomes after Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-09-16), p. 2994-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-09-16), p. 2994-
    Abstract: Although there have been several reports regarding the association between hypoxic hepatic injury and clinical outcomes in patients who underwent conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), limited data are available in the setting of extracorporeal CPR (ECPR). Patients who received ECPR due to either in- or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from May 2004 through December 2018 were eligible. Hypoxic hepatitis (HH) was defined as an increased aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase level to more than 20 times the upper normal range. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. In addition, we assessed poor neurological outcome defined as a Cerebral Performance Categories score of 3 to 5 at discharge and the predictors of HH occurrence. Among 365 ECPR patients, 90 (24.7%) were identified as having HH. The in-hospital mortality and poor neurologic outcomes in the HH group were significantly higher than those of the non-HH group (72.2% vs. 54.9%, p = 0.004 and 77.8% vs. 63.6%, p = 0.013, respectively). As indicators of hepatic dysfunction, patients with hypoalbuminemia (albumin 〈 3 g/dL) or coagulopathy (international normalized ratio 〉 1.5) had significantly higher mortalities than those of their counterparts (p = 0.005 and p 〈 0.001, respectively). In multivariable logistic regression, age and acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy were predictors for development of HH (p = 0.046 and p 〈 0.001 respectively). Furthermore age, arrest due to ischemic heart disease, initial shockable rhythm, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, lowflow time, continuous renal replacement therapy, and HH were significant predictors for in-hospital mortality. HH was a frequent complication and associated with poor clinical outcomes in ECPR patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092994
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 9
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    Impact of Vitamin C and Thiamine Administration on Delirium-Free Days in Patients with Septic Shock
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2020-01-10), p. 193-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2020-01-10), p. 193-
    Abstract: Sepsis is a common cause of delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recently, vitamin C and thiamine administration has been gaining interest as a potential adjunct therapy for sepsis. We investigated the impact of early vitamin C and thiamine administration on ICU delirium-free days among critically ill patients in septic shock. We performed a single-center, retrospective study of patients who visited the emergency department (ED) from January 2017 to July 2018. We categorized patients into a treatment (received vitamin C and thiamine) and control group. We compared delirium-free days within 14 days after ICU admission using propensity score matching. Of 435 patients with septic shock, we assigned 89 propensity score-matched pairs to the treatment and control groups. The median delirium-free days did not differ between treatment (11, interquartile range [IQR] 5–14 days) and control (12, IQR 6–14 days) groups (p = 0.894). Secondary outcomes were not different between the two groups, including delirium incidence and 28-day mortality. These findings were consistent after subgroup analysis for patients who met the sepsis-3 definition of septic shock. Vitamin C and thiamine administration showed no association with ICU delirium-free days among patients in septic shock.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010193
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 10
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    Analysis of Selected Phenolic Compounds in Organic, Pesticide-Free, Conventional Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Using LC-ESI-MS/MS
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2018-12-25), p. 67-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2018-12-25), p. 67-
    Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains generous amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and dietary fibers, in addition to secondary metabolites such as phenols and flavonoids that act as antioxidants. The phenolic compounds detected in rice (organic rice (OR), conventional rice (CR), and pesticide-free rice (PFR)), namely, protocatechuic, gentisic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, ferulic, salicylic, and caffeic acids, are notable free radical scavengers. The sum of these phenolic compounds was found to be higher in PFR, followed by CR and OR (p 〈 0.0001), when the rice types were classified based on the farming system employed. In addition, significant differences were observed in the p-hydroxybenzoic acid levels for the OR and CR groups compared with the PFR groups (p 〈 0.01). Furthermore, greater quantities of p-coumaric acid were found in CR-08 and OR-02, although these groups contained overall higher and lower sums of phenolic compounds, respectively. Moreover, significance was observed in the sum of the phenolic compounds, although only small quantities were found in polished rice. Further research is thus required to provide a clearer picture regarding the phenolic profiles of different rice brands.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010067
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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