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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rapid Atmospheric-Pressure-Plasma-Jet Processed Porous Materials for Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Coatings Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2015-01-27), p. 26-38
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2015-01-27), p. 26-38
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings5010026
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 2
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    Protective Effects of Influenza Vaccine against Colorectal Cancer in Populations with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2023-04-21), p. 2398-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2023-04-21), p. 2398-
    Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with malignancy, including colorectal cancer, via the potential mechanism of chronic inflammation status. This study aimed to determine whether influenza vaccines can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with CKD. Our cohort study enrolled 12,985 patients older than 55 years with a diagnosis of CKD in Taiwan from the National Health Insurance Research Database at any time from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2012. Patients enrolled in the study were divided into a vaccinated and an unvaccinated group. In this study, 7490 and 5495 patients were unvaccinated and vaccinated, respectively. A propensity score was utilized to reduce bias and adjust the results. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the correlation between the influenza vaccine and colorectal cancer in patients with CKD. The results showed that the influenza vaccine exerted a protective effect against colorectal cancer in populations with CKD. The incidence rate of colon cancer in the vaccinated group was significantly lower than in the unvaccinated group, with an adjusted hazard rate (HR) of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.30–0.48, p 〈 0.05). After the propensity score was adjusted for Charlson comorbidity index, age, sex, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, monthly income, and level of urbanization, the dose-dependent effect was found, and it revealed adjusted HRs of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.54–1.00, p 〈 0.05), 0.41 (95% CI: 0.30–0.57, p 〈 0.001), 0.16 (95% CI: 0.11–0.25, p 〈 0.001) for one, two to three, and four or more vaccinations, respectively. In summary, the influenza vaccine was found to be associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in CKD patients. This study highlights the potential chemopreventive effect of influenza vaccination among patients with CKD. Future studies are required to determine whether the aforementioned relationship is a causal one.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082398
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Rational Use of Antibiotics and Education Improved Aeromonas Necrotizing Fasciitis Outcomes in Taiwan: A 19-Year Experience
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-12-08), p. 1782-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-12-08), p. 1782-
    Abstract: Background. Aeromonas necrotizing fasciitis (NF) causes high rates of amputation and mortality, even after aggressive surgical debridement and antibacterial therapy. This study investigated the effects of rational use of antibiotics and education by infectious disease (ID) physicians on Aeromonas NF treatment outcomes. Methods. Retrospective review for conducted for four years (period I, without an ID physician, December 2001 to December 2005) and 15 years (period II, with an ID physician, January 2006 to March 2021). In period II, the hospital-wide computerized antimicrobial approval system (HCAAS) was also implemented. A pretest-posttest time series analysis compared the two periods. Differences in clinical outcomes, demographics, comorbidities, signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, Aeromonas antibiotic susceptibility, and antibiotic regimens were compared between the two periods. Results. There were 19 patients in period I and 53 patients in period II. Patients had a lower rate of amputation or mortality in period II (35.8%) compared with period I (63.2%). Forty-four patients (61.1%) had polymicrobial infections. In the emergency room, the rate of misdiagnosis decreased from 47.4% in period I to 28.3% in period II, while effective empiric antibiotic usage increased from 21.1% in period I to 66.0% in period II. After the ID physician’s adjustment, 69.4% received monotherapy in period II compared to 33.3% in period I. Conclusions. Because Aeromonas NF had a high mortality rate and was often polymicrobial, choosing an antibiotic regimen was difficult. Using the HCAAS by an experienced ID physician can improve rational antibiotic usage and clinical outcomes in Aeromonas NF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121782
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
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    Symmetrical Rank-Three Vectorized Loading Scores Quasi-Newton for Identification of Hydrogeological Parameters and Spatiotemporal Recharges
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Water Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2020-04-01), p. 995-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2020-04-01), p. 995-
    Abstract: In a multi-layered groundwater model, achieving accurate spatiotemporal identification and solving the ill-posed problem is the vital topic for model calibration. This study proposes a symmetry rank three vectorized loading scores (SR3 VLS) quasi-Newton algorithm by modifying the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and importing a rank three structure from Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm for identification of hydrogeological parameters and spatiotemporal recharge simultaneously. To accelerate directional convergence and approach a global optimum, this study uses a vectorized limited switchable step size in the transmissive groundwater inverse problem. The Hessian approximation rank three uses high and low-rank factor loading scores analyzed from simulated storage fluctuation between adjacent iterations for calculation and matrix correction. Two numerical experiments were designed to validate the proposing algorithm, showing the SR3 VLS quasi-Newton reduced the error percentages of the identified parameters by 1.63% and 9.65% compared to the Jacobian quasi-Newton. The proposing method is applied to the Chou-Shui River alluvial fan groundwater system in Taiwan. Results show that the simulated storage error decreased rapidly in six iterations, and has good head convergence as small as 0.11% with a root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 0.134 m, indicating that the proposing algorithm reduces the computational cost to converge to the true solution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w12040995
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 5
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    Ex Vivo Model to Evaluate the Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Gelatin–Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Incorporated with Emodin and Lumbrokinase for Bone Regeneration
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Bioengineering Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2023-07-31), p. 906-
    Details
    In: Bioengineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2023-07-31), p. 906-
    Abstract: Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) has gained attention due to its interconnected porous structures which promote fibrovascular invasion and bony replacement. Moreover, when gelatin is added and crosslinked with genipin (GGT), TCP exhibits robust biocompatibility and stability, making it an excellent bone substitute. In this study, we incorporated emodin and lumbrokinase (LK) into GGT to develop an antibacterial biomaterial. Emodin, derived from various plants, possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. LK comprises proteolytic enzymes extracted from the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus and exhibits fibrinolytic activity, enabling it to dissolve biofilms. Additionally, LK stimulates osteoblast activity while inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. GGT was combined with emodin and lumbrokinase to produce the GGTELK composite. The biomedical effects of GGTELK were assessed through in vitro assays and an ex vivo bone defect model. The GGTELK composite demonstrated antibacterial properties, inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and reducing biofilm formation. Moreover, it exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the secretion of IL-6 in both in vivo cell experiments and the ex vivo model. Therefore, the GGTELK composite, with its stability, efficient degradation, biocompatibility, and anti-inflammatory function, is expected to serve as an ideal bone substitute.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5354
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080906
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746191-9
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  • 6
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    Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in a Silicone Rubber Conduit in Taxol-Treated Rats
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2020-02-27), p. 1063-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2020-02-27), p. 1063-
    Abstract: Taxol, a type of antimitotic agent, could modulate local inflammatory conditions in peripheral nerves, which may impair their regeneration and recovery when injured. This study provided in vivo trials of silicone rubber chambers to bridge a long 10 mm sciatic nerve defect in taxol-treated rats. It was aimed to determine the effects of electrical stimulation at various frequencies on regeneration of the sciatic nerves in the bridging conduits. Taxol-treated rats were divided into four groups (n = 10/group): sham control (no current delivered from the stimulator); and electrical stimulation (3 times/week for 3 weeks at 2, 20, and 200 Hz with 1 mA current intensity). Neuronal electrophysiology, animal behavior, neuronal connectivity, macrophage infiltration, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression levels, and morphological observations were evaluated. At the end of 4 weeks, animals in the low- (2 Hz) and medium-frequency (20 Hz) groups had dramatic higher rates of successful regeneration (90% and 80%) across the wide gap as compared to the groups of sham and high-frequency (200 Hz) (60% and 50%). In addition, the 2 Hz group had significantly larger amplitudes and evoked muscle action potentials compared to the sham and the 200 Hz group, respectively (P 〈 0.05). Heat, cold plate licking latencies, motor coordination, and neuronal connectivity were unaffected by the electrical stimulation. Macrophage density, CGRP expression level, and axon number were all significantly increased in the 20 Hz group compared to the sham group (P 〈 0.05). This study suggested that low- (2 Hz) to medium-frequency (20 Hz) electrical stimulation could ameliorate local inflammatory conditions to augment recovery of regenerating nerves by accelerating their regrowth and improving electrophysiological function in taxol-treated peripheral nerve injury repaired with the silicone rubber conduit.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13051063
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
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    Fabrication and Characteristics of SnAgCu Alloy Nanowires for Electrical Connection Application
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2018-12-05), p. 644-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2018-12-05), p. 644-
    Abstract: As electronic products become more functional, the devices are required to provide better performances and meet ever smaller form factor requirements. To achieve a higher I/O density within the smallest form factor package, applying nanotechniques to electronic packaging can be regarded as a possible approach in microelectronic technology. Sn-3.0 wt% Ag-0.5 wt% Cu (SAC305) is a common solder material of electrical connections in microelectronic devices. In this study, SAC305 alloy nanowire was fabricated in a porous alumina membrane with a pore diameter of 50 nm by the pressure casting method. The crystal structure and composition analyses of SAC305 nanowires show that the main structure of the nanowire is β-Sn, and the intermetallic compound, Ag3Sn, locates randomly but always appears on the top of the nanowire. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicate the melting point of SAC305 alloy nanowire is around 227.7 °C. The melting point of SAC305 alloy nanowire is significantly higher than that of SAC305 bulk alloy (219.4 °C). It is supposed that the non-uniform phase distribution and composite difference between the nanowires causes the change of melting temperature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi9120644
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Combination of a Fast Cleanup Procedure and a DR-CALUX® Bioassay for Dioxin Surveillance in Taiwanese Soils
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2014-05-06), p. 4886-4904
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2014-05-06), p. 4886-4904
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110504886
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 9
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    Real-World Experience of Chronic Hepatitis C-Related Compensated Liver Cirrhosis Treated with Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 22 ( 2021-11-10), p. 5236-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 22 ( 2021-11-10), p. 5236-
    Abstract: Background: Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir is a protease inhibitor-containing pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral regimen that has been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with compensated cirrhosis in a real-world setting. Methods: We evaluated the real-world safety and efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with compensated cirrhosis from five hospitals in the Changhua Christian Care System, who underwent treatment between August 2018 and October 2020. The primary endpoint was a sustained virological response observed 12 weeks after completion of the treatment. Results: Ninety patients, including 70 patients who received the 12-week therapy and 20 patients who received the 8-week therapy, were enrolled. The mean age of the patients was 65 years, and 57.8% of the patients were males. Sixteen (17.8%) patients had end-stage renal disease, and 15 (16.7%) had co-existing hepatoma. The hepatitis C virus genotypes 1 (40%) and 2 (35.6%) were most common. The common side effects included anorexia (12.2%), pruritus (7.8%), abdominal discomfort (7.8%), and malaise (7.8%). Laboratory adverse grade ≥3 events included anemia (6.3%), thrombocytopenia (5.1%), and jaundice (2.2%). The overall sustained virological response rates were 94.4% and 97.7% in the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses, respectively. Conclusions: the glecaprevir/pibrentasvir treatment regimen was highly effective and well tolerated among patients with compensated cirrhosis in the real-world setting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225236
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 10
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    Converting non-Mesogenic to Mesogenic Stacking of Amino-s-Triazine-Based Dendrons with p-CN Phenyl Unit by Eliminating Peripheral Dipole
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-06), p. 185-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-06), p. 185-
    Abstract: Three new amino-s-triazine-based dendrons, 1a, 1b, and 1c, containing an aryl-CN moiety in the dendritic skeleton were prepared in 72–81% yields (1a: R1 = − N(n-C8H17)2, R2 = n-OC8H17, 1b: R1 = R2 = − N(n-C8H17)2, 1c: R1 = − N(n-C8H17)2, R2 = − N(n-C4H9)2). Dendrons 1a with N(n-C8H17)2 and n-OC8H17 peripheral substituents, surprisingly, did not show any mesogenic phase during the thermal process. However, non-mesogenic 1a can be converted to mesogenic 1b or 1c by eliminating the peripheral dipole arising from the alkoxy substituent; dendron 1b only comprising the same N(n-C8H17)2 peripheral groups showed a ~25 °C mesogenic range on heating and ~108 °C mesogenic range on cooling. In contrast, dendron 1c possessing different N(n-CmH2m+1)2 (m = 8 versus m = 4) peripheral units, having similar stacking as 1b, exhibited a columnar phase on thermal treatment, but its mesogenic range (~9 and ~66 °C on heating and cooling, respectively) was much narrower than that of 1b, attributed to 1c’s less flexible alkyl chains in the peripheral part of dendron. Dendron 1a with the alkoxy substituent in the peripheral skeleton, creating additional dipole correspondingly, thus, leads to the dendritic molecules having a non-mesogenic stacking. Without the peripheral dipole for intermolecular side-by-side interaction, dendrons 1b and 1c exhibit a columnar phase on thermal treatment because of the vibration from the peripheral alkyl chain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12020185
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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