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  • MDPI AG  (7)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Equine Mx1 Restricts Influenza A Virus Replication by Targeting at Distinct Site of its Nucleoprotein
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Viruses Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2019-12-02), p. 1114-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2019-12-02), p. 1114-
    Abstract: Interferon-mediated host factors myxovirus (Mx) proteins are key features in regulating influenza A virus (IAV) infections. Viral polymerases are essential for viral replication. The Mx1 protein has been known to interact with viral nucleoprotein (NP) and PB2, resulting in the influence of polymerase activity and providing interspecies restriction. The equine influenza virus has evolved as an independent lineage to influenza viruses from other species. We estimated the differences in antiviral activities between human MxA (huMxA) and equine Mx1 (eqMx1) against a broad range of IAV strains. We found that huMxA has antiviral potential against IAV strains from non-human species, whereas eqMx1 could only inhibit the polymerase activity of non-equine species. Here, we demonstrated that NP is the main target of eqMx1. Subsequently, we found adaptive mutations in the NP of strains A/equine/Jilin/1/1989 (H3N8JL89) and A/chicken/Zhejiang/DTID-ZJU01/2013 (H7N9ZJ13) that confer eqMx1 resistance and sensitivity respectively. A substantial reduction in Mx1 resistance was observed for the two mutations G34S and H52N in H3N8JL89 NP. Thus, eqMx1 is an important dynamic force in IAV nucleoprotein evolution. We, therefore, suggest that the amino acids responsible for Mx1 resistance should be regarded as a robust indicator for the pandemic potential of lately evolving IAVs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v11121114
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Receding Horizon Optimization of Wind Farm Active Power Distribution with Power Tracking Error and Transmission Loss
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Processes Vol. 6, No. 12 ( 2018-12-10), p. 259-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 12 ( 2018-12-10), p. 259-
    Abstract: In this paper, a receding-horizon optimization strategy is introduced to optimize the wind farm active power distribution with power tracking error and transmission loss. Based on the wind farm transmission connections, a wind farm can be divided into clusters, in which the wind turbine generator systems connected to one booster station can be taken as one cluster, and different clusters connected from booster stations to the farm-level main transformer output the electric power to the grid. Thus, in the proposed strategy, the power tracking characteristic of the wind turbine generator system is modeled as a first-order system to quantify the power tracking error during the power tracking dynamic process, where the power transmission losses from wind turbine generator systems to booster stations are also modeled and considered in the optimization. The proposed strategy is applied to distribute the active power set-point within a cluster while the clusters’ set-point still follows the conventional strategy of the wind farm. Simulation results show significant improvement for both optimization targets of the proposed strategy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr6120259
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Road to Sustainable Development of Chinese Cities: A Perception of Improving Urban Management Efficiency Based on Two-Level Production Factors
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2017-11-30), p. 2212-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2017-11-30), p. 2212-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su9122212
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multi-Dimensional Evaluation Framework for the Sustainable Development of Forest Health Bases and Site Selection for Application in China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Forests Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2022-05-19), p. 799-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2022-05-19), p. 799-
    Abstract: In the context of global aging, people’s awareness of health is deepening, and the rapid economic development has drawn widespread attention to the health tourism industry. As a way of experiencing health, forest health tourism is becoming increasingly favored, and the site selection and construction of forest health bases (FHBs) have also developed accordingly. To ensure sustainability in the process of the site selection and construction of FHBs, the suitability of regional development and the relative coordination of the market, environment, and resource levels should be considered. Although there have been numerous studies on sustainable forestry management, a comprehensive sustainability assessment framework based on development suitability and coordination in three dimensions is needed to guide the site selection and the construction of FHBs. The following tasks were carried out in this study: (1) based on market sustainability goals, environmental optimization goals, and ecological resource sustainability goals, a comprehensive sustainability evaluation framework for development suitability indicators and coordination indicators in three dimensions was established; (2) via the use of this framework, the construction potential of FHBs in 41,636 towns in China was evaluated; the evaluation results show that the towns in Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, and other provinces of China generally have superior conditions for the development of FHBs; (3) a multi-dimensional comprehensive analysis of FHB site selection sustainability based on development suitability and coordination was carried out for four batches of approved pilots. The comprehensive analysis results demonstrate the worsening evaluation results of the four batches. The proposed framework can provide a reference for FHB development policies for countries worldwide.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f13050799
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Wood Vinegar as an Herbicide for Weed Control
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-08), p. 3120-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-08), p. 3120-
    Abstract: Wood vinegar, a by-product of wood pyrolysis, is mostly discarded. Wood vinegar has a phytotoxic effect and could be potentially used as a naturally derived herbicide for weed control. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of wood vinegar from the pyrolysis of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) tree branch wastes to control weeds. The wood vinegar concentrations required to inhibit 50% motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Spanish needles (Bidens pilosa L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.) seed germination measured 0.51%, 0.48%, 0.16%, and 1.1%, respectively. The wood vinegar application rates (spray volume) required to provide 50% control of motherwort and Spanish needles measured 1911 L ha−1 and 653 L ha−1, respectively, while the highest evaluated rate at 4000 L ha−1 controlled 35% tall fescue by 10 days after treatment (DAT). Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) control increased as the wood vinegar application rate increased from 500 L ha−1 to 2000 L ha−1. Wood vinegar was more effective in dark than light conditions for controlling common purslane. By 5 DAT, averaged over application rates, wood vinegar provided 95% and 87% control of common purslane in dark and light conditions, respectively. These findings suggest that wood vinegar obtained from the pyrolysis of apple tree branches could be used for weed management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12123120
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lychee Fruit Detection Based on Monocular Machine Vision in Orchard Environment
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 19 ( 2019-09-21), p. 4091-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 19 ( 2019-09-21), p. 4091-
    Abstract: Due to the change of illumination environment and overlapping conditions caused by the neighboring fruits and other background objects, the simple application of the traditional machine vision method limits the detection accuracy of lychee fruits in natural orchard environments. Therefore, this research presented a detection method based on monocular machine vision to detect lychee fruits growing in overlapped conditions. Specifically, a combination of contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE), red/blue chromatic mapping, Otsu thresholding and morphology operations were adopted to segment the foreground regions of the lychees. A stepwise method was proposed for extracting individual lychee fruit from the lychee foreground region. The first step in this process was based on the relative position relation of the Hough circle and an equivalent area circle (equal to the area of the potential lychee foreground region) and was designed to distinguish lychee fruits growing in isolated or overlapped states. Then, a process based on the three-point definite circle theorem was performed to extract individual lychee fruits from the foreground regions of overlapped lychee fruit clusters. Finally, to enhance the robustness of the detection method, a local binary pattern support vector machine (LBP-SVM) was adopted to filter out the false positive detections generated by background chaff interferences. The performance of the presented method was evaluated using 485 images captured in a natural lychee orchard in Conghua (Area), Guangzhou. The detection results showed that the recall rate was 86.66%, the precision rate was greater than 87% and the F1-score was 87.07%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19194091
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genomic Identification of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Virchow Monophasic Variant Causing Human Septic Arthritis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2021-04-29), p. 536-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2021-04-29), p. 536-
    Abstract: The monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium has emerged and increased rapidly worldwide during the past two decades. The loss of genes encoding the second-phase flagella and the acquirement of the multi-drug resistance cassette are the main genomic characteristics of the S. Typhimurium monophasic variant. In this study, two Salmonella strains were isolated from the knee effusion and feces of a 4-year-old girl who presented with a case of septic arthritis and fever, respectively. Primary serovar identification did not detect the second-phase flagellar antigens of the strains using the classical slide agglutination test. Whole-genome sequencing analysis was performed to reveal that the replacement of the fljAB operon by a 4.8-kb cassette from E. coli caused the non-expression of phase-2 flagellar antigens of the strains, which were confirmed to be a novel S. Virchow monophasic variant (Salmonella 6,7,14:r:-) by core-genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST). Compared to the 16 published S. Virchow genomes, the two strains shared a unique CRISPR type of VCT12, and showed a close genetic relationship to S. Virchow BCW_2814 and BCW_2815 strains, isolated from Denmark and China, respectively, based on cgMLST and CRISPR typing. Additionally, the acquisition of Salmonella genomic island 2 (SGI2) with an antimicrobial resistance gene cassette enabled the strains to be multidrug-resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole. The emergence of the multidrug-resistant S. Virchow monophasic variant revealed that whole-genome sequencing and CRISPR typing could be applied to identify the serovaraints of Salmonella enterica strains in the national Salmonella surveillance system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050536
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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