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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diatomite Dynamic Membrane Fouling Behaviour during Dewatering of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Aquaculture Wastewater
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Membranes Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-11-29), p. 945-
    Details
    In: Membranes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-11-29), p. 945-
    Abstract: Combined microalgal and membrane filtration could effectively treat aquaculture wastewater; however, the membrane fouling induced by extracellular organic matter (EOM) during the dewatering process is an issue. This study investigated diatomite dynamic membrane (DDM) fouling behaviour during the dewatering of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under the influence of copper ions. The results indicate that copper ion heavy metals in aquaculture wastewater significantly affected purification and algae dewatering by DDM. Aquaculture wastewater with a high copper concentration (1 and 0.5 mg/L) could induce serious DDM fluxes and cake layer filtration resistance (Rc), whereas fewer filtration fluxes were induced when aquaculture wastewater had a low copper concentration, particularly that of 0.1 mg/L, at which the Rc was lowest and the concentration effect was highest. Macromolecular organics of EOM, such as biopolymers, polysaccharides, and proteins, were responsible for DDM fouling and accumulated mostly in the slime layer, whereas only a small amount of them accumulated in the diatomite layer. The DDM rejected more protein-like organics of EOM in the slime layer when dewatering algae at low copper concentrations ( 〈 0.1 mg/L); however, when using the DDM to dewater algae at high copper concentrations, more polysaccharides of EOM were rejected (0.5 〈 Cu2+ 〈 5 mg/L). This result has significant ramifications for aquaculture wastewater treatment as well as algae separation and concentration by the DDM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0375
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120945
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2614641-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gaps and Directions in Addressing Non-Communicable and Chronic Diseases in China: A Policy Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 15 ( 2022-08-08), p. 9761-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 15 ( 2022-08-08), p. 9761-
    Abstract: Objective: Non-communicable and chronic diseases (NCDs) have become a public health problem that seriously threatens the population’s health, especially in rapidly industrialized countries. Given the complexity of managing NCDs, there is growing evidence that interventions embedding or incorporating health promotion strategies can help reduce the disease burden of NCDs. This review aims to identify and map existing control and prevention policies for NCDs in China and identify gaps or opportunities for policy modifications and development, to transfer evidence-based guidelines into empirical public health intervention practices and research. Design: A review was conducted to evaluate the policy documents to manage NCDs in China. Keywords “chronic disease”, “health”, and “policy” were used to search documents published on the Chinese official national websites. Nvivo 12.0 was used to conduct a content analysis of the policy documents. Results: Fifty-six NCD prevention policies were retrieved from the search, and ten documents that incorporated the health promotion component were analyzed. The Healthy China 2030 Plan and Recommendations on Implementing the Healthy China Action are the core health policies of China’s Central Government. These, coupled with three nationwide community-based projects, have provided a foundational transformation platform for health promotion implementation. Conclusion: This review revealed the Chinese Government’s determination and commitment toward the prevention and control of NCDs and the promotion public health. Additional efforts and a focus on accelerating policy transformation and strengthening policy evaluation are required to achieve this commitment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159761
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Factors Associated with Aspirin Resistance in Hong Kong Chinese Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease Using the Multiplate® Analyzer and Serum Thromboxane B2
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2022-10-01), p. 2099-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2022-10-01), p. 2099-
    Abstract: Introduction: Aspirin resistance may be associated with various conditions. We measured serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and platelet function using the Multiplate® Analyzer with arachidonic acid (ASPI) in patients on long term aspirin therapy to identify aspirin resistance and associated factors. Materials and Methods: Chinese patients with stable coronary heart disease had samples for serum TXB2 and ASPI measurement taken before and 1 h after taking a morning dose of 80 mg aspirin. Results: In 266 patients with mean age 66.6 ± 10.7 years, 17% were female and 55% were current or previous smokers. TXB2 and ASPI measurements were significantly higher before the dose than at 1 h post dose, with 46% of subjects having high ASPI values (AUC 〉 300 AU*min) pre dose compared with 27% at 1 h post dose. TXB2 and ASPI measures of platelet aggregation showed weak correlations, which were only significant before the dose (r = 0.219, p = 0.001). Increased ASPI measurements were associated with white blood cell (WBC) count, haematocrit, platelet count and heart rate at 24 h post dose but only with WBC count, smoking history and heart rate at 1 h post dose. Diabetes was not associated with reduced platelet response to aspirin. The WBC count associated with aspirin resistance was over 6.55 × 109/L by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Conclusions: The antiplatelet response to aspirin was reduced in a large proportion of patients. Patients with higher WBC count within the normal range appear to be at increased risk of aspirin resistance. Higher or more frequent doses of aspirin may be needed in many patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102099
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Combination of Three Functionalized Temperature-Sensitive Chromatographic Materials for Serum Protein Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 14 ( 2019-07-19), p. 2626-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 14 ( 2019-07-19), p. 2626-
    Abstract: We have developed a methodology to capture acidic proteins, alkaline proteins, and glycoproteins separately in mouse serum using a combination of three functionalized temperature-responsive chromatographic stationary phases. The temperature-responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) was attached to the stationary phase, silica. The three temperature-responsive chromatographic stationary phase materials were prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Alkaline, acidic, and boric acid functional groups were introduced to capture acidic proteins, alkaline proteins, and glycoproteins, respectively. The protein enrichment and release properties of the materials were examined using the acidic protein, bovine serum albumin; the alkaline protein, protamine; and the glycoprotein, horseradish peroxidase. Finally, the three materials were used to analyze mouse serum. Without switching the mobile phase, the capture and separation of mouse serum was achieved by the combination of three temperature-responsive chromatographic stationary phase materials. On the whole, 313 proteins were identified successfully. The number of different proteins identified using the new method was 1.46 times greater than the number of proteins that has been identified without applying this method. To our knowledge, this method is the first combinatorial use of three functionalized temperature-responsive chromatographic stationary phase silica materials to separate proteins in mouse serum.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142626
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Muscle Conditional Medium Reduces Intramuscular Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipid Accumulation through Regulating Insulin Signaling
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18, No. 8 ( 2017-08-20), p. 1799-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 8 ( 2017-08-20), p. 1799-
    Abstract: Due to the paracrine effects of skeletal muscle, the lipid metabolism of porcine intramuscular (i.m.) preadipocytes was different from that of subcutaneous (s.c.) preadipocytes. To investigate the development of i.m. preadipocytes in vivo, the s.c. preadipocytes were cultured with muscle conditional cultured medium (MCM) for approximating extracellular micro-environment of the i.m. preadipocytes. Insulin signaling plays a fundamental role in porcine adipocyte differentiation. The expression levels of insulin receptor (INSR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) in i.m. Preadipocytes were higher than that in s.c. preadipocytes. The effects of MCM on adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism and insulin signaling transdution were verified. MCM induced the apoptosis of s.c. preadipocytes but not of s.c. adipocytes. Moreover, MCM inhibited adipocyte differentiation at pre-differentiation and early stages of differentiation, while the expression levels of INSR and IGF-1R were increased. Furthermore, MCM treatment increased adipocyte lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation through induction of genes involved in lipolysis, thermogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria. Consistent with the above, treatment of s.c. adipocytes with MCM upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, MCM can approximate the muscle micro-environment and reduce intramuscular adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation via regulating insulin signaling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081799
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Chromatin Remodeling Factor BrCHR39 Targets DNA Methylation to Positively Regulate Apical Dominance in Brassica rapa
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-20), p. 1384-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-20), p. 1384-
    Abstract: The SHPRH (SNF2, histone linker, PHD, RING, helicase) subfamily belonging to ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor is the effective tumor-suppressor, which can polyubiquitinate PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and participate in post-replication repair in human. However, little is known about the functions of SHPRH proteins in plants. In this study, we identified a novel SHPRH member BrCHR39 and obtained BrCHR39-silenced transgenic Brassica rapa. In contrast to wild-type plants, transgenic Brassica plants exhibited a released apical dominance phenotype with semi-dwarfism and multiple lateral branches. Furthermore, a global alteration of DNA methylation in the main stem and bud appeared after silencing of BrCHR39. Based on the GO (gene ontology) functional annotation and KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway analysis, the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was clearly enriched. In particular, we found a significant increase in the methylation level of auxin-related genes in the stem, whereas auxin- and cytokinin-related genes were hypomethylated in the bud of transgenic plants. In addition, further qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) analysis revealed that DNA methylation level always had an opposite trend with gene expression level. Considered together, our findings indicated that suppression of BrCHR39 expression triggered the methylation divergence of hormone-related genes and subsequently affected transcription levels to regulate the apical dominance in Brassica rapa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12061384
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Sizes, Growth and Reproduction of Arrow Worms (Chaetognatha) in Light of the Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory (GOLT)
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2021-12-07), p. 1397-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2021-12-07), p. 1397-
    Abstract: The Chaetognatha are a marine invertebrate phylum including 132 extant, carnivorous species in nine families and two orders, but with unclear protostomian affinities in the animal kingdom. We document the gradual recognition of the distinctiveness of chaetognaths by early taxonomists, with some emphasis on the often-overlooked studies by Chinese marine biologists. The carnivorous arrow worms are understudied relative to their importance in the marine zooplankton, where they rank second in abundance after the herbivorous copepods. Although arrow worms lack gills or other dedicated respiratory organs, we show that the Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory (GOLT) can be used to explain how temperature and respiration affect their growth and related life-history traits. Notably, we present a reappraisal of evidence for size–temperature relationships between and within chaetognath species, and for the relationship between their temperature-mediated oxygen demand and their growth patterns. Von Bertalanffy weight growth curves of Ferosagitta hispida (family: Sagittidae) based on earlier aquarium experiments by various authors are presented, which suggest (a) a good fit and (b) that the life span of chaetognaths is much lower than suggested by the authors of several published growth curves drawn onto length–frequency samples from the wild. In addition, we show that chaetognaths attain first maturity at a fraction of the maximum length they can attain that is similar to the corresponding fraction in fishes. Overall, we suggest that the manner in which the oxygen they require enters the body of small marine invertebrates, although often neglected, is a crucial aspect of their biology. In addition, based on our result that arrow worms conform to the GOLT, we suggest that this theory may provide the theoretical framework for the study of growth in the other water-breathing ectotherms lacking gills.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse9121397
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Research on the Multiagent Joint Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm Controlling Cooperative Fixed-Wing UAV Obstacle Avoidance
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 16 ( 2020-08-13), p. 4546-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 16 ( 2020-08-13), p. 4546-
    Abstract: Multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) collaboration has great potential. To increase the intelligence and environmental adaptability of multi-UAV control, we study the application of deep reinforcement learning algorithms in the field of multi-UAV cooperative control. Aiming at the problem of a non-stationary environment caused by the change of learning agent strategy in reinforcement learning in a multi-agent environment, the paper presents an improved multiagent reinforcement learning algorithm—the multiagent joint proximal policy optimization (MAJPPO) algorithm with the centralized learning and decentralized execution. This algorithm uses the moving window averaging method to make each agent obtain a centralized state value function, so that the agents can achieve better collaboration. The improved algorithm enhances the collaboration and increases the sum of reward values obtained by the multiagent system. To evaluate the performance of the algorithm, we use the MAJPPO algorithm to complete the task of multi-UAV formation and the crossing of multiple-obstacle environments. To simplify the control complexity of the UAV, we use the six-degree of freedom and 12-state equations of the dynamics model of the UAV with an attitude control loop. The experimental results show that the MAJPPO algorithm has better performance and better environmental adaptability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20164546
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Mechanisms and Empirical Modeling of Evaporation from Hardened Surfaces in Urban Areas
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2021-02-12), p. 1790-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2021-02-12), p. 1790-
    Abstract: Urban evaporation, as an essential part of local water vapor resources in urban areas, has often been underestimated. One possible reason is that the evaporation of urban hardened surfaces is seldom considered and poorly understood in urban evaporation estimation. This study focused on the mechanisms and calculation of evaporation on hardened surfaces in urban areas. Experimental monitoring was used to monitor the processes and characteristics of evaporation on hardened surfaces. Mathematical models based on water quantity constraints were built to calculate evaporation of hardened surfaces. The results showed that: The interception abilities for rainwater and rainfall days of impervious hardened surfaces determine their evaporated water amount, which means no water, no evaporation for the impervious surfaces. The greater evaporation of artificial sprinkling on roads happened in fewer days of rainfall and frost. The evaporation of pervious hardened ground is continuous compared to the impervious surface. Its soil moisture in the sub-layer of permeable concrete decreases periodically with a period of one day. The evaporation of hardened surfaces occupies 16–29% of the total amount of evaporation in the built-up areas in cities. Therefore, the hardened surface evaporation has great significance on the urban hydrological cycle and urban water balance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041790
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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