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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-Throughput Immunological Analysis of Dictamni Cortex: Implication in the Quality Control of Herbal Medicine
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 16 ( 2019-08-08), p. 2880-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 16 ( 2019-08-08), p. 2880-
    Abstract: Quality inconsistency of herbal medicine is an obstacle that limits the extensive use and study of traditional Chinese medicine. Differences in environmental conditions and processing methods of herbal medicine often result in varying clinical outcomes in patients. Standard chemical markers used for the quality control (QC) of herbal medicine are usually the most abundant and characteristic components, which may not be therapeutically relevant or cannot comprehensively reflect the biological quality of the herbs. In view of this, a novel QC method for better assessment of herbal medicine has been developed via bioactivities analysis. Immunological activities of Dictamni Cortex, a typical herbal medicine for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, from different geographical locations in China, were evaluated. Upon in vitro treatment of their water and ethanol extracts, distinct patterns of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-1β, and chemokine CXCL8 were released from the lipopolysaccharides- and/or phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Thus, in addition to the commonly used morphological, chemical, or DNA markers, the novel high-throughput profiling of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines of PBMC upon treatment with herbal extracts could be an important reference to help for the quality control of herbal medicine in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162880
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Immuno-Modulatory Activities of Pentaherbs Formula on Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis Mice via the Activation of Th1 and Treg Cells and Inhibition of Th2 and Th17 Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2021-12-31), p. 239-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2021-12-31), p. 239-
    Abstract: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent allergic disease induced by immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated hypersensitivity reaction at the nasal epithelium against inhaled allergens. Previous studies have demonstrated that Pentaherbs formula (PHF), a modified herbal formula comprising five herbal medicines (Flos Lonicerae, Herba Menthae, Cortex Phellodendri, Cortex Moutan and Rhizoma Atractylodis), could suppress various immune effector cells to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects in allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis. The present study aimed to further determine the anti-inflammatory activities of PHF in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR BALB/c mouse model. Nasal symptoms such as sneezing and nose rubbing were recorded and the serum total IgE and OVA-specific IgG1, as well as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, chemokines CXCL9 CXCL10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations in nasal lavage fluid (NALF) were measured during different treatments. Effects of PHF on the expression of inflammatory mediators in the sinonasal mucosa were quantified using real-time QPCR. PHF was found to suppress allergic symptoms, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and hyperplasia of goblet cells in the nasal epithelium of the OVA-induced AR mice. PHF could reduce OVA-specific IgG1 level in serum, and TNF-α and IL-10 in nasal lavage fluid (NALF), significantly up-regulate the splenic regulatory T (Treg) cell level, increase the Type 1 helper T cell (Th1)/Type 2 helper T cell (Th2) ratio, and reduce the Th17 cells (all p 〈 0.05). PHF could also alleviate in situ inflammation in sinonasal mucosa of OVA-induced AR mice. In conclusion, oral treatment of PHF showed immuno-modulatory activities in the OVA-induced AR mice by regulating the splenic T cell population to suppress the nasal allergy symptoms and modulating inflammatory mediators, implicating that PHF could be a therapeutic strategy for allergic rhinitis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010239
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Active Compounds and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Pentaherbs Formula for Oral and Topical Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis Based on Network Pharmacology
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Plants Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-09-09), p. 1166-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-09-09), p. 1166-
    Abstract: To examine the molecular targets and therapeutic mechanism of a clinically proven Chinese medicinal pentaherbs formula (PHF) in atopic dermatitis (AD), we analyzed the active compounds and core targets, performed network and molecular docking analysis, and investigated interacting pathways. Information on compounds in PHF was obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, and target prediction was performed using the Drugbank database. AD-related genes were gathered using the GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases. Network analysis was performed by Cytoscape software and protein-protein interaction was analyzed by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING). The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) Bioinformatics Resources were applied for the enrichment analysis of the potential biological process and pathways associated with the intersection targets between PHF and AD. Autodock software was used to perform protein compound docking analysis. We identified 43 active compounds in PHF associated with 117 targets, and 57 active compounds associated with 107 targets that form the main pathways linked to oral and topical treatment of AD, respectively. Among them, quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol are key chemicals targeting the core genes involved in the oral use of PHF against AD, while apigenin, ursolic acid, and rosmarinic acid could be used in topical treatment of PHF against AD. The compound–target–disease network constructed in the current study reveals close interactions between multiple components and multiple targets. Enrichment analysis further supports the biological processes and signaling pathways identified, indicating the involvement of IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways in the action of PHF on AD. Our data demonstrated the main compounds and potential pharmacological mechanisms of oral and topical application of PHF in AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants9091166
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pharmacist Clinical Interventions and Discharge Counseling in Medical Rehabilitation Wards in a Local Hospital: A Prospective Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Geriatrics Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2018-08-23), p. 53-
    Details
    In: Geriatrics, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2018-08-23), p. 53-
    Abstract: Patients undergoing rehabilitation experience numerous changes in medication regimens during care transitions, exposing these patients to an increased risk of drug-related problems (DRPs). A prospective, non-randomized, quasi-experimental study was conducted in medical rehabilitation wards to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-delivered interventions and counseling on 30-day unplanned health care utilization and medication adherence for selected rehabilitation patients. A pharmacist provided medication reconciliation and counseling before discharge. Phone follow-up was completed 30 days after discharge to assess for unplanned health care utilization rate and medication adherence. A total of 85 patients (n = 43 in prospective intervention group and n = 42 in historical usual care group) were included. Among the intervention group, 23 DRPs were identified in 14 (32.6%) patients, resulting in 51 interventions. The intervention group had a significantly lower unplanned health care utilization rate than the usual care group (25.6% vs. 47.6%, p = 0.035). The risk of unplanned health care utilization was reduced by over 60% (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.378; 95% CI = 0.15–0.94). Patients reporting medium to high medication adherence increased from 23.6% to 88.4% 30 days after counseling (p 〈 0.05). Pharmacist medication reconciliation and discharge counseling reduced unplanned health care utilization 30 days after discharge and improved medication adherence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2308-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics3030053
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934571-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sevoflurane Induces Neurotoxicity in the Animal Model with Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathology via Modulating Glutamate Transporter and Neuronal Apoptosis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 11 ( 2022-06-02), p. 6250-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 11 ( 2022-06-02), p. 6250-
    Abstract: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders are frequently observed in postoperative patients and previous reports have shown that pre-existing mild cognitive impairment with accumulated neuropathology may be a risk factor. Sevoflurane is a general anesthetic agent which is commonly used in clinical practice. However, the effects of sevoflurane in postoperative subjects are still controversial, as both neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects were reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of sevoflurane in 3 × Tg mice, a specific animal model with pre-existing Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology. 3 × Tg mice and wild-type mice were exposed to 2 h of sevoflurane respectively. Cognitive function, glutamate transporter expression, MAPK kinase pathways, and neuronal apoptosis were accessed on day 7 post-exposure. Our findings indicate that sevoflurane-induced cognitive deterioration in 3 × Tg mice, which was accompanied with the modulation of glutamate transporter, MAPK signaling, and neuronal apoptosis in the cortical and hippocampal regions. Meanwhile, no significant impact was observed in wild-type mice. Our results demonstrated that prolonged inhaled sevoflurane results in the exacerbation of neuronal and cognitive dysfunction which depends on the neuropathology background.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116250
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ruxolitinib Alleviates Uveitis Caused by Salmonella typhimurium Endotoxin
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2021-07-11), p. 1481-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2021-07-11), p. 1481-
    Abstract: Uveitis is characterized by inflammatory lesions of intraocular structures. It is one of the important manifestations in patients with Reiter’s syndrome, an inflammatory arthritis, which is caused by enteric infection with bacteria, including Salmonella typhimurium. Corticosteroids remain the most frequently used therapies against uveitis associating with inflammatory arthritis. However, the long-term administration of steroids results in many side effects, and some uveitis patients do not respond to steroid treatment. Non-steroidal treatments are needed for uveitis patients. Our previous study found that Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib could suppress the expression of proinflammatory mediators in the ciliary body and iris. However, the impacts of ruxolitinib on ophthalmic features in uveitic eyes are still unknown. In this study, Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Compared with LPS-induced rats treated with water, ruxolitinib significantly attenuated the clinical manifestations, infiltrating cells and protein exudation in the aqueous humor, and retina–choroid thickening. Amplitudes of b-wave in both scotopic and photopic electroretinogram (ERG), and the amplitude of a-wave in scotopic ERG in EIU animals were alleviated by ruxolitinib. Collectively, we propose ruxolitinib could attenuate endotoxin-induced uveitis and rescue visual functions in rats by inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 pathway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071481
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Exome Sequencing Reveals SLC4A11 Variant Underlying Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy (CHED2) Misdiagnosed as Congenital Glaucoma
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Genes Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-01-25), p. 310-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-01-25), p. 310-
    Abstract: Autosomal recessive congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED2) may be misdiagnosed as primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) due to similar clinical phenotypes during early infancy. In this study, we identified a family with CHED2, which was previously misdiagnosed as having PCG, and followed up for 9 years. Linkage analysis was first completed in eight PCG-affected families, followed by whole-exome sequencing (WES) in family PKGM3. The following in silico tools were used to predict the pathogenic effects of identified variants: I-Mutant 2.0, SIFT, Polyphen-2, PROVEAN, mutation taster and PhD-SNP. After detecting an SLC4A11 variant in one family, detailed ophthalmic examinations were performed again to confirm the diagnosis. Six out of eight families had CYP1B1 gene variants responsible for PCG. However, in family PKGM3, no variants in the known PCG genes were identified. WES identified a homozygous missense variant c.2024A 〉 C, p.(Glu675Ala) in SLC4A11. Based on the WES findings, the affected individuals underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations and were re-diagnosed with CHED2 leading to secondary glaucoma. Our results expand the genetic spectrum of CHED2. This is the first report from Pakistan of a Glu675Ala variant with CHED2 leading to secondary glaucoma. The p.Glu675Ala variant is likely a founder mutation in the Pakistani population. Our findings suggest that genome-wide neonatal screening is worthwhile to avoid the misdiagnosis of phenotypically similar diseases such as CHED2 and PCG.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes14020310
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IL-37 Targets TSLP-Primed Basophils to Alleviate Atopic Dermatitis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 14 ( 2021-07-09), p. 7393-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 14 ( 2021-07-09), p. 7393-
    Abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) represents a severe global burden on physical, physiological and mental health. Innate immune cell basophils are essential for provoking allergic inflammation in AD. However, the roles of novel immunoregulatory cytokine IL-37 in basophils remain elusive. We employed in vitro co-culture of human basophils and human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and an in vivo MC903-induced AD murine model to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of IL-37. In the in vitro model, IL-37b significantly decreased Der p1-induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) overexpression in HaCaT cells and decreased the expression of TSLP receptor as well as basophil activation marker CD203c on basophils. IL-37 could also reduce Th2 cytokine IL-4 release from TSLP-primed basophils ex vivo. In the in vivo model, alternative depletion of basophils ameliorated AD symptoms and significantly lowered the Th2 cell and eosinophil populations in the ear and spleen of the mice. Blocking TSLP alleviated the AD-like symptoms and reduced the infiltration of basophils in the spleen. In CRISPR/Cas9 human IL-37b knock-in mice or mice with direct treatment by human IL-37b antibody, AD symptoms including ear swelling and itching were significantly alleviated upon MC903 challenge. Notably, IL-37b presence significantly reduced the basophil infiltration in ear lesions. In summary, IL-37b could regulate the TSLP-mediated activation of basophils and reduce the release of IL-4. The results, therefore, suggest that IL-37 may target TSLP-primed basophils to alleviate AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147393
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    A Rapid, Simple, Inexpensive, and Mobile Colorimetric Assay COVID-19-LAMP for Mass On-Site Screening of COVID-19
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 15 ( 2020-07-29), p. 5380-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 15 ( 2020-07-29), p. 5380-
    Abstract: To control the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent its resurgence in areas preparing for a return of economic activities, a method for a rapid, simple, and inexpensive point-of-care diagnosis and mass screening is urgently needed. We developed and evaluated a one-step colorimetric reverse-transcriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (COVID-19-LAMP) for detection of SARS-CoV-2, using SARS-CoV-2 isolate and respiratory samples from patients with COVID-19 (n = 223) and other respiratory virus infections (n = 143). The assay involves simple equipment and techniques and low cost, without the need for expensive qPCR machines, and the result, indicated by color change, is easily interpreted by naked eyes. COVID-19-LAMP can detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA with detection limit of 42 copies/reaction. Of 223 respiratory samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 by qRT-PCR, 212 and 219 were positive by COVID-19-LAMP at 60 and 90 min (sensitivities of 95.07% and 98.21%) respectively, with the highest sensitivities among nasopharyngeal swabs (96.88% and 98.96%), compared to sputum/deep throat saliva samples (94.03% and 97.02%), and throat swab samples (93.33% and 98.33%). None of the 143 samples with other respiratory viruses were positive by COVID-19-LAMP, showing 100% specificity. Samples with higher viral load showed shorter detection time, some as early as 30 min. This inexpensive, highly sensitive and specific COVID-19-LAMP assay can be useful for rapid deployment as mobile diagnostic units to resource-limiting areas for point-of-care diagnosis, and for unlimited high-throughput mass screening at borders to reduce cross-regional transmission.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155380
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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