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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recognizing the Differentiation Degree of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning-Based Approaches
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cells Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2023-01-04), p. 211-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2023-01-04), p. 211-
    Abstract: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs), retinal ganglion cells (iPSC-RGCs), and retinal pigmental epithelium cells (iPSC-RPEs) to meet the demand of regeneration medicine. Since the production of iPSCs and iPSC-derived cell lineages generally requires massive and time-consuming laboratory work, artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted approach that can facilitate the cell classification and recognize the cell differentiation degree is of critical demand. In this study, we propose the multi-slice tensor model, a modified convolutional neural network (CNN) designed to classify iPSC-derived cells and evaluate the differentiation efficiency of iPSC-RPEs. We removed the fully connected layers and projected the features using principle component analysis (PCA), and subsequently classified iPSC-RPEs according to various differentiation degree. With the assistance of the support vector machine (SVM), this model further showed capabilities to classify iPSCs, iPSC-MSCs, iPSC-RPEs, and iPSC-RGCs with an accuracy of 97.8%. In addition, the proposed model accurately recognized the differentiation of iPSC-RPEs and showed the potential to identify the candidate cells with ideal features and simultaneously exclude cells with immature/abnormal phenotypes. This rapid screening/classification system may facilitate the translation of iPSC-based technologies into clinical uses, such as cell transplantation therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells12020211
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Oral Administration of Clostridium butyricum GKB7 Ameliorates Signs of Osteoarthritis in Rats
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2022-07-11), p. 2169-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2022-07-11), p. 2169-
    Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and painful inflammatory joint disease affecting the cartilage, bone, and synovial membranes, without any effective treatment that targets the underlying mechanisms of OA. Our study evaluated the therapeutic effects of a live probiotic strain, Clostridium butyricum GKB7, administered for 6 weeks to rats with knee OA (KOA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) of the right knee. All rats underwent weekly weight-bearing behavioral testing and body weight measurements. At 6 weeks, all rats were sacrificed, and the right hind knees were collected for micro-computed tomography imaging and histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Compared with rats in the ACLT-only group, ACLT rats administered the probiotic exhibited dramatic improvements in pain-related behavior from postoperative week 2, had significantly less osseous and cartilaginous damage at week 6, and significantly lower levels of the inflammatory markers interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in cartilage and synovium sections. C. butyricum GKB7 appeared to slow or even reverse OA progression and is worth investigating as a novel therapeutic for OA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11142169
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 3
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    Exploring Relationships among Crude Oil, Bitcoin, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Quantile Mediation Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Processes Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2023-05-19), p. 1555-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2023-05-19), p. 1555-
    Abstract: Crude oil, Bitcoin, and carbon dioxide emissions are major issues that are significantly impacting the global economy and environment. These three issues are complexly interlinked, with profound economic and environmental implications. In this study, we explore the correlation among these three issues and attempt to understand the influence of crude oil and Bitcoin on carbon dioxide emissions. We created a novel approach, named quantile mediation analysis, which blends mediation regression with quantile regression, enabling us to explore the influence of Brent crude oil on carbon dioxide emissions by considering the mediating impact of Bitcoin. According to the findings from using our new approach, the impact of Brent crude oil on carbon dioxide emissions is partly mediated by Bitcoin, and the association between Brent crude oil and carbon dioxide emissions involves both direct and indirect effects. Since the carbon dioxide generated by the extraction of crude oil and Bitcoin has a great impact on the environment, accelerating the use of clean energy technologies to reduce our reliance on crude oil should be the direction that the cryptocurrency industry ought to pursue in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr11051555
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 4
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    Smart Machinery Monitoring System with Reduced Information Transmission and Fault Prediction Methods Using Industrial Internet of Things
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Mathematics Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2020-12-22), p. 3-
    Details
    In: Mathematics, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2020-12-22), p. 3-
    Abstract: A monitoring system for smart machinery has been considered to be one of the most important goals in recent enterprises. This monitoring system will encounter huge difficulties, such as more data uploaded by smart machines, and the available internet bandwidth will influence the transmission speed of data and the reliability of the equipment monitoring platform. This paper proposes reducing the periodical information that has been uploaded to the monitoring platform by setting an upload event through the traits of production data from machines. The proposed methods reduce bandwidth and power consumption. The monitoring information is reconstructed by the proposed methods, so history data will not reduce storage in the cloud server database. In order to reduce the halt time caused by machine error, the proposed system uses machine-learning technology to model the operating status of machinery for fault prediction. In the experimental results, the smart machinery monitoring system using the Industrial Internet of Things reduces the volume of information uploaded by 54.57% and obtains a 98% prediction accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-7390
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/math9010003
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704244-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effect of Job Satisfaction on Psychological Well-Being for Taiwanese Home-Care Workers, Mediated by Emotional Labor
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2023-09-11), p. 2514-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2023-09-11), p. 2514-
    Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of job satisfaction on psychological well-being through emotional labor for Taiwanese home-care workers. A total of 316 home-care workers who worked in Chiayi, Taiwan, were recruited in this study. Most of the participants were Taiwanese (96.5%). The mean age of the participants was 42.05 ± 12.15 years, and the participants were predominantly female (80%). The mean work experience was 5.64 ± 5.13 years. Job satisfaction, emotional labor, and psychological well-being were measured. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect effects on job satisfaction, emotional labor, and psychological well-being. The results demonstrated that the internal factors of job satisfaction had indirect effects on psychological well-being through the mediating effects of surface acting and deep acting. However, it was also observed that the external factors of job satisfaction had indirect effects on psychological well-being through the mediating effect of surface acting but not deep acting. The model explained 57.6% of the variance in psychological well-being. The internal factors of job satisfaction are more important than the external factors affecting psychological well-being through the mediating effect of deep acting. Based on our results, we recommend enhancing the deep acting of emotional labor to improve the psychological well-being of Taiwanese home-care workers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182514
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Smartphone-Enabled versus Conventional Otoscopy in Detecting Middle Ear Disease: A Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-13), p. 972-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-13), p. 972-
    Abstract: Traditional otoscopy has some limitations, including poor visualization and inadequate time for evaluation in suboptimal environments. Smartphone-enabled otoscopy may improve examination quality and serve as a potential diagnostic tool for middle ear diseases using a telemedicine approach. The main objectives are to compare the correctness of smartphone-enabled otoscopy and traditional otoscopy and to evaluate the diagnostic confidence of the examiner via meta-analysis. From inception through 20 January 2022, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched. Studies comparing smartphone-enabled otoscopy with traditional otoscopy regarding the outcome of interest were eligible. The relative risk (RR) for the rate of correctness in diagnosing ear conditions and the standardized mean difference (SMD) in diagnostic confidence were extracted. Sensitivity analysis and trial sequential analyses (TSAs) were conducted to further examine the pooled results. Study quality was evaluated by using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool 2. Consequently, a total of 1840 examinees were divided into the smartphone-enabled otoscopy group and the traditional otoscopy group. Overall, the pooled result showed that smartphone-enabled otoscopy was associated with higher correctness than traditional otoscopy (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.51; p = 0.01; I2 = 70.0%). Consistently significant associations were also observed in the analysis after excluding the simulation study (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.21; p = 0.04; I2 = 0%) and normal ear conditions (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.40; p = 0.04; I2 = 65.0%). For the confidence of examiners using both otoscopy methods, the pooled result was nonsignificant between the smartphone-enabled otoscopy and traditional otoscopy groups (SMD, 0.08; 95% CI, -0.24 to 0.40; p = 0.61; I2 = 16.3%). In conclusion, smartphone-enabled otoscopy was associated with a higher rate of correctness in the detection of middle ear diseases, and in patients with otologic complaints, the use of smartphone-enabled otoscopy may be considered. More large-scale studies should be performed to consolidate the results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040972
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 7
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    Objective Signal Analysis for Investigating Feasibility of Active Noise Cancellation in Hearing Screening
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 19 ( 2022-09-27), p. 7329-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 19 ( 2022-09-27), p. 7329-
    Abstract: With the development of active noise cancellation (ANC) technology, ANC has been used to mitigate the effects of environmental noise on audiometric results. However, objective evaluation methods supporting the accuracy of audiometry for ANC exposure to different levels of noise have not been reported. Accordingly, the audio characteristics of three different ANC headphone models were quantified under different noise conditions and the feasibility of ANC in noisy environments was investigated. Steady (pink noise) and non-steady noise (cafeteria babble noise) were used to simulate noisy environments. We compared the integrity of pure-tone signals obtained from three different ANC headphone models after processing under different noise scenarios and analyzed the degree of ANC signal correlation based on the Pearson correlation coefficient compared to pure-tone signals in quiet. The objective signal correlation results were compared with audiometric screening results to confirm the correspondence. Results revealed that ANC helped mitigate the effects of environmental noise on the measured signal and the combined ANC headset model retained the highest signal integrity. The degree of signal correlation was used as a confidence indicator for the accuracy of hearing screening in noise results. It was found that the ANC technique can be further improved for more complex noisy environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22197329
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 8
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    Alteration of the Intra- and Inter-Lobe Connectivity of the Brain Structural Network in Normal Aging
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Entropy Vol. 22, No. 8 ( 2020-07-28), p. 826-
    Details
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 8 ( 2020-07-28), p. 826-
    Abstract: The morphological changes in cortical parcellated regions during aging and whether these atrophies may cause brain structural network intra- and inter-lobe connectivity alterations are subjects that have been minimally explored. In this study, a novel fractal dimension-based structural network was proposed to measure atrophy of 68 parcellated cortical regions. Alterations of structural network parameters, including intra- and inter-lobe connectivity, were detected in a middle-aged group (30–45 years old) and an elderly group (50–65 years old). The elderly group exhibited significant lateralized atrophy in the left hemisphere, and most of these fractal dimension atrophied regions were included in the regions of the “last-in, first-out” model. Globally, the elderly group had lower modularity values, smaller component size modules, and fewer bilateral association fibers. They had lower intra-lobe connectivity in the frontal and parietal lobes, but higher intra-lobe connectivity in the temporal and occipital lobes. Both groups exhibited similar inter-lobe connecting pattern. The elderly group revealed separations, sparser long association fibers, commissural fibers, and lateral inter-lobe connectivity lost effect, mainly in the right hemisphere. New wiring and reconfiguring modules may have occurred within the brain structural network to compensate for connectivity, decreasing and preventing functional loss in cerebral intra- and inter-lobe connectivity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/e22080826
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Is Adversely Associated with Childhood Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2016-07-04), p. 678-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2016-07-04), p. 678-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13070678
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 10
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    Fermented Supernatants of Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 and Bifidobacterium lactis GKK2 Protect against Protein Glycation and Inhibit Glycated Protein Ligation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-05), p. 277-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-05), p. 277-
    Abstract: With age, protein glycation in organisms increases continuously. Evidence from many studies shows that the accumulation of glycated protein is highly correlated with biological aging and the development of aging-related diseases, so developing a dietary agent to attenuate protein glycation is very meaningful. Previous studies have indicated that lactic acid bacteria-fermented products have diverse biological activities especially in anti-aging, so this study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of the fermented supernatants of Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 (GKM3) and Bifidobacterium lactis GKK2 (GKK2) on protein glycation. The results show that GKM3- and GKK2-fermented supernatants can significantly inhibit protein glycation by capturing a glycation agent (methylglyoxal) and/or protecting functional groups in protein against methylglyoxal-induced responses. GKM3- and GKK2-fermented supernatants can also significantly inhibit the binding of glycated proteins to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). In conclusion, lactic acid bacteria fermentation products have the potential to attenuate biological aging by inhibiting protein glycation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15020277
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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