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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhanced Heterogeneous Activation of Peroxymonosulfate by Nitrogen–Sulfur Co-Doped Mofs-Derived Carbon
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-03-01), p. 3182-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-03-01), p. 3182-
    Abstract: It is important to further enhance the performance of green and efficient non-homogeneous catalysts for advanced oxidation process of Peroxymonosulfate (PMS-AOP) for green treatment of industrial wastewater. In this paper, nitrogen–sulfur co-doped MOFs-derived carbon material (CoSN@C) was prepared by one-pot synthesis followed by carbonization, and its morphological structure was characterized by XRD and SEM. After pyrolysis, the CoSN@C still maintained the dodecahedral morphology and structure of ZIF-67. The synergistic effects of S and N significantly elevated the activation of PMS. The results show that the CoSN@C + PMS system can effectively activate PMS to degrade Rhodamine B (RhB), with a rate constant (1.85 min−1) four times higher than that of the CoN@C + PMS system (0.44 min−1). The optimal catalytic process parameters of material dosage, PMS concentration, temperature, pH, and other parameters were also investigated for the activation of PMS to remove Rhodamine B. The cyclic experiment shows that the CoSN@C has excellent recyclability and the degradation rate of RhB still reached 88.9% after four cycles. Radical capture experiments and EPR tests showed that the CoSN@C + PMS system generated a large amount of SO4·− and ·OH radicals adsorbed on the catalyst surface and a certain amount of singlet oxygen, and the free radical pathway and non-radical pathway worked together to degrade RhB efficiently and rapidly. While non-radical pathway with singlet oxygen as main reactive oxygen species played a key role in the CoN@C + PMS system. This work provides a new idea for the rational design of non-homogeneous catalysts for PMS-AOP system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app13053182
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diatomite Dynamic Membrane Fouling Behaviour during Dewatering of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Aquaculture Wastewater
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Membranes Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-11-29), p. 945-
    Details
    In: Membranes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-11-29), p. 945-
    Abstract: Combined microalgal and membrane filtration could effectively treat aquaculture wastewater; however, the membrane fouling induced by extracellular organic matter (EOM) during the dewatering process is an issue. This study investigated diatomite dynamic membrane (DDM) fouling behaviour during the dewatering of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under the influence of copper ions. The results indicate that copper ion heavy metals in aquaculture wastewater significantly affected purification and algae dewatering by DDM. Aquaculture wastewater with a high copper concentration (1 and 0.5 mg/L) could induce serious DDM fluxes and cake layer filtration resistance (Rc), whereas fewer filtration fluxes were induced when aquaculture wastewater had a low copper concentration, particularly that of 0.1 mg/L, at which the Rc was lowest and the concentration effect was highest. Macromolecular organics of EOM, such as biopolymers, polysaccharides, and proteins, were responsible for DDM fouling and accumulated mostly in the slime layer, whereas only a small amount of them accumulated in the diatomite layer. The DDM rejected more protein-like organics of EOM in the slime layer when dewatering algae at low copper concentrations ( 〈 0.1 mg/L); however, when using the DDM to dewater algae at high copper concentrations, more polysaccharides of EOM were rejected (0.5 〈 Cu2+ 〈 5 mg/L). This result has significant ramifications for aquaculture wastewater treatment as well as algae separation and concentration by the DDM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0375
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120945
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2614641-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PAC-UF Process Improving Surface Water Treatment: PAC Effects and Membrane Fouling Mechanism
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Membranes Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-04-29), p. 487-
    Details
    In: Membranes, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-04-29), p. 487-
    Abstract: In this study, the water purification effect and membrane fouling mechanism of two powdered activated carbons (L carbon and S carbon) enhancing Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for surface water treatment were investigated. The results indicated that PAC could effectively enhance membrane filtration performance. With PAC addition, organic removal was greatly enhanced compared with direct UF filtration, especially for small molecules, i.e., the S-UF had an additional 25% removal ratio of micro-molecule organics than the direct UF. The S carbon with the larger particle size and lower specific surface area exhibited superior performance to control membrane fouling, with an operation duration of S-UF double than the direct UF. Therefore, the particle size and pore structure of carbon are the two key parameters that are essential during the PAC-UF process. After filtration, acid and alkaline cleaning of UF was conducted, and it was found that irreversible fouling contributed the most to total filtration resistance, while the unrecoverable irreversible resistance ratio with acid cleaning was greater than that with alkaline cleaning. With PAC, irreversible UF fouling could be relieved, and thus, the running time could be extended. In addition, the membrane foulant elution was analyzed, and it was found to be mainly composed of small and medium molecular organic substances, with 12% to 21% more polysaccharides than proteins. Finally, the hydrophilicity of the elution was examined, and it was observed that alkaline cleaning mainly eluted large, medium, and small molecules of hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic matter, while acid cleaning mainly eluted small molecules of hydrophilic organic matter.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0375
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050487
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pretreatment and Membrane Hydrophilic Modification to Reduce Membrane Fouling
    MDPI AG ; 2013
    In:  Membranes Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2013-09-04), p. 226-241
    Details
    In: Membranes, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2013-09-04), p. 226-241
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0375
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/membranes3030226
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Application of Coagulation–Membrane Rotation to Improve Ultrafiltration Performance in Drinking Water Treatment
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Membranes Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-08-21), p. 643-
    Details
    In: Membranes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-08-21), p. 643-
    Abstract: The combination of conventional and advanced water treatment is now widely used in drinking water treatment. However, membrane fouling is still the main obstacle to extend its application. In this study, the impact of the combination of coagulation and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane rotation on both fouling control and organic removal of macro (sodium alginate, SA) and micro organic matters (tannic acid, TA) was studied comprehensively to evaluate its applicability in drinking water treatment. The results indicated that membrane rotation could generate shear stress and vortex, thus effectively reducing membrane fouling of both SA and TA solutions, especially for macro SA organics. With additional coagulation, the membrane fouling could be further reduced through the aggregation of mediate and macro organic substances into flocs and elimination by membrane retention. For example, with the membrane rotation speed of 60 r/min, the permeate flux increased by 90% and the organic removal by 35% in SA solution, with 40 mg/L coagulant dosage, with an additional 70% increase of flux and 5% increment of organic removal to 80% obtained. However, too much shear stress could intensify the potential of fiber breakage at the potting, destroying the flocs and resulting in the reduction of permeate flux and deterioration of effluent quality. Finally, the combination of coagulation and membrane rotation would lead to the shaking of the cake layer, which is beneficial for fouling mitigation and prolongation of membrane filtration lifetime. This study provides useful information on applying the combined process of conventional coagulation and the hydrodynamic shear force for drinking water treatment, which can be further explored in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0375
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080643
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2614641-1
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