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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome Mining Associated with Analysis of Structure, Antioxidant Activity Reveals the Potential Production of Levan-Rich Exopolysaccharides by Food-Derived Bacillus velezensis VTX20
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 15 ( 2021-07-30), p. 7055-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 15 ( 2021-07-30), p. 7055-
    Abstract: Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Bacillus species have recently emerged as promising commercial antioxidants in various industries, such as pharmaceutics and biomedicine. However, little is known about EPS production and function from Bacillus velezensis so far. In the present study, the effect of sugar sources on EPS production by B. velezensis VTX20 and the genetic biosynthesis, characteristics, and antioxidant activity of the resulting EPS were evaluated. The strain VTX20 produced the maximum EPS yield of 75.5 ± 4.8 g/L from an initial 200 g/L of sucrose after a 48-h cultivation. Through genomic analysis, ls-levB operon was found, for the first time, to be responsible for the levan-type EPS production in B. velezensis. Biochemical and structural characterization further confirmed the majority of levan, followed by an extremely low level of dextran biopolymer. The water solubility index and water holding capacity of the EPSs were 81.9 ± 3.4% and 100.2 ± 3.4%, respectively. In vitro antioxidant activity analyses showed strong scavenging activity for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radical values of 40.1–64.0% and 16.0–40%, respectively. These findings shed light on the EPS biosynthesis of B. velezensis at both structural and genetic levels and the potential application of EPS as a natural antioxidant for pharmaceutical and biomedical industries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11157055
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Complete Chloroplast Genome of An Ophiorrhiza baviensis Drake Species Reveals Its Molecular Structure, Comparative, and Phylogenetic Relationships
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Genes Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2023-01-15), p. 227-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2023-01-15), p. 227-
    Abstract: Ophiorrhiza baviensis Drake, a flowering medical plant in the Rubiaceae, exists uncertainly within the Ophiorrhiza genus’ evolutionary relationships. For the first time, the whole chloroplast (cp) genome of an O. baviensis Drake species was sequenced and annotated. Our findings demonstrate that the complete cp genome of O. baviensis is 154,770 bp in size, encoding a total of 128 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNAs, and 33 tRNAs. A total of 59 SSRs were screened in the studied cp genome, along with six highly variable loci, which can be applied to generate significant molecular markers for the Ophiorrhiza genus. The comparative analysis of the O. baviensis cp genome with two published others of the Ophiorrhiza genus revealed a high similarity; however, there were some notable gene rearrangements in the O. densa plastome. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the concatenation of the rps16 gene and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequence, indicating a close relationship between the studied O. baviensis and other Ophiorrhiza. This study will provide a theoretical molecular basis for identifying O. baviensis Drake, as well as species of the Ophiorrhiza genus, and contribute to shedding light on the chloroplast genome evolution of Rubiaceae.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes14010227
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Pseudomonas in Heterotrophic Nitrification: A Case Study on Shrimp Ponds (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Soc Trang Province
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2019-05-29), p. 155-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2019-05-29), p. 155-
    Abstract: Based on a total of 6,295,650 sequences from the V3 and V4 regions (16S ribosomal RNA), the composition of the microorganism communities in the water of three Litopenaeus vannamei (Decapoda, Whiteleg shrimp; Soc Trang, Vietnam) ponds were identified. Pseudomonas (10–20.29%), Methylophilus (13.26–24.28%), and Flavobacterium (2.6–19.29%) were the most abundant genera. The total ammonia (TAN) concentration (p = 0.025) and temperature (p = 0.015) were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of Pseudomonas in two bacterial communities (ST1, ST4), whereas the predictive functions of microorganism communities based on 16S rRNA gene data was estimated using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUST), which showed that nitrogen metabolism was significantly negatively correlated (p = 0.049) with TAN concentration. The abundance of Pseudomonas and nitrogen metabolism increased with a decrease in TAN concentration. The correlation between TAN concentration and the abundance of Pseudomonas was followed by the isolation, and heterotrophic nitrifying performance analysis was used to confirm our findings. Six Pseudomonas strains capable of heterotrophic nitrification were isolated from the three water samples and showed a complete reduction of 100 mg/L NH4Cl during a 96-h cultivation. These results indicate the potential of applying Pseudomonas in shrimp ponds for water treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7060155
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Supplemental Light Spectra on the Composition, Production and Antimicrobial Activity of Ocimum basilicum L. Essential Oil
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 17 ( 2022-08-31), p. 5599-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 17 ( 2022-08-31), p. 5599-
    Abstract: This study was performed to investigate the effects of different supplemental light spectra and doses (duration and illuminance) on the essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivated in the net-house in Vietnam during four months. Ten samples of basil aerial parts were hydrodistilled to obtain essential oils which had the average yields from 0.88 to 1.30% (v/w, dry). The oils analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS showed that the main component was methyl chavicol (87.4–90.6%) with the highest values found in the oils of basil under lighting conditions of 6 h/day and 150–200 µmol·m−2·s−1. Additional lighting conditions caused the significant differences (p 〈 0.001) in basil biomass and oil production with the highest values found in the oils of basil under two conditions of (1) 71% Red: 20% Blue: 9.0% UVA in at 120 μmol·m−2·s−1 in 6 h/day and (2) 43.5% Red: 43.5% Blue: 8.0% Green: 5.0% Far-Red at 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 in 6 h/day. The oils of basil in some formulas showed weak inhibitory effects on only the Bacillus subtilis strain. Different light spectra affect the biomass and essential oil production of basil, as well as the concentrations of the major components in the oil.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175599
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Passive Smoking Exposure and Perceived Health Status in Children Seeking Pediatric Care Services at a Vietnamese Tertiary Hospital
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2020-02-13), p. 1188-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2020-02-13), p. 1188-
    Abstract: Understanding the predictors of health conditions and exposure to secondhand smoke among children is necessary to determine the severity of the issues and identify effective solutions. Despite the significant prevalence in smoking and child exposure to secondhand smoke, there have been only a few studies focusing on this area in Vietnam, and thus the current study aims to fill in this gap. The questionnaires of 435 children aged between 0 and 6 and their caregivers, who agreed to participate in the research, were collected at the Pediatric Department of Bach Mai hospital, Hanoi, in 2016. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with perceived health status and exposure to secondhand smoke among children in the last 24 h and the last 7 days from the date of the survey. Our study found that 43% of the respondents had smokers in the family, and 46.4% of children were exposed to passive smoking in the last 7 days. Urban children were most frequently exposed to passive smoking at home and in public, whereas in the rural area, the home and relatives’ houses were the most common places for exposure. Compared to children whose caregivers were farmers, children of non-government workers were more likely to be exposed to passive smoking in the last 7 days. Moreover, children in a family having smoking rules and no smokers were less likely to be exposed to passive smoking in the last 24 h and 7 days than those living in a family allowing smoking and having smokers. In conclusion, our study shows that the government needs to implement better public smoking monitoring and encourage caregivers to implement smoke-free households or smoking rules in their houses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041188
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Immunization with the H5N1 Recombinant Vaccine Candidate Induces High Protection in Chickens against Vietnamese Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Strains
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2020-04-02), p. 159-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2020-04-02), p. 159-
    Abstract: Vietnam is one of the countries most affected worldwide by the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, which caused enormous economic loss and posed threats to public health. Over nearly two decades, with the antigenic changes in the diversified H5Ny viruses, the limited protective efficacy of the available vaccines was encountered. Therefore, it is necessary to approach a technology platform for the country to accelerate vaccine production that enables quick response to new influenza subtypes. This study utilized a powerful reverse genetics technique to successfully generate a recombinant H5N1 vaccine strain (designated as IBT-RG02) containing two surface proteins (haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)) from the HPAI H5N1 (A/duck/Vietnam/HT2/2014(H5N1)) of the dominant clade 2.3.2.1c in Vietnam during 2012–2014. Importantly, the IBT-RG02 vaccine candidate has elicited high antibody titres in chickens (geometric mean titre (GMT) of 6.42 and 6.92, log2 on day 14 and day 28 p.i., respectively). To test the efficacy, immunized chickens were challenged with the circulating virulent strains. As results, there was a high protection rate of 91.6% chickens against the virulent A/DK/VN/Bacninh/NCVD-17A384/2017 of the same clade and a cross-protection of 83.3% against A/duck/TG/NAVET(3)/2013 virus of clade 1.1. Our promising results showed that we can independently master the reverse genetics technology for generation of highly immunogenic vaccine candidates, and henceforth, it is a timely manner to reformulate avian influenza virus vaccines against variable H5 clade HPAI viruses in Vietnam.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020159
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Immunization with Plant-Derived Multimeric H5 Hemagglutinins Protect Chicken against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-10-09), p. 593-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-10-09), p. 593-
    Abstract: Since 2003, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) have not only caused outbreaks in poultry but were also transmitted to humans with high mortality rates. Vaccination is an efficient and economical means of increasing immunity against infections to decrease the shedding of infectious agents in immunized animals and to reduce the probability of further infections. Subunit vaccines from plants are the focus of modern vaccine developments. In this study, plant-made hemagglutinin (H5) trimers were purified from transiently transformed N. benthamiana plants. All chickens immunized with purified H5 trimers were fully protected against the severe HPAIV H5N1 challenge. We further developed a proof-of-principle approach by using disulfide bonds, homoantiparallel peptides or homodimer proteins to combine H5 trimers leading to production of H5 oligomers. Mice vaccinated with crude leaf extracts containing H5 oligomers induced neutralizing antibodies better than those induced by crude leaf extracts containing trimers. As a major result, eleven out of twelve chickens (92%) immunized with adjuvanted H5 oligomer crude extracts were protected from lethal disease while nine out of twelve chickens (75%) vaccinated with adjuvanted H5 trimer crude extracts survived. The solid protective immune response achieved by immunization with crude extracts and the stability of the oligomers form the basis for the development of inexpensive protective veterinary vaccines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040593
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Diversity and Biogeography of Coral Mucus-Associated Bacterial Communities: The Case of Acropora formosa
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-01-03), p. 74-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-01-03), p. 74-
    Abstract: The role of microorganisms in coral health, disease, and nutrition has been demonstrated in various studies. Environmental factors including pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen also play crucial roles in maintaining sustainable coral ecosystems. However, how geographical and environmental factors influence bacterial diversity and community composition is unclear. Here, bacterial communities associated with Acropora formosa coral were sampled from four different locations—Phu Quoc Islands (Vietnam), Nha Trang (Vietnam), Ujung Gelam (Indonesia), and Bourake (New Caledonia)—and compared using tagged 16S rRNA sequencing. We identified 24 bacterial phyla, 47 classes, 114 orders, and 495 genera from 18 samples. Overall, Proteobacteria (1039 distant amplicon sequence variants [ASVs]) and Firmicutes (589 ASVs) were predominant, while Verrucomicrobiota (75 ASVs) and Planctomycetota (46 ASVs) were minor taxa. Alpha diversity analyses revealed that the bacterial community associated with Acropora formosa from Ujung Gelam had the highest indexes (Observed and Chao1), while the figures for Bourake were the lowest. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) showed significant differences in bacterial communities among locations (ADONIS, p = 1 × 10−4). Temperature was strongly correlated with the distribution of bacterial communities in Bourake, whereas pH and dissolved oxygen were significantly correlated with the presence of coral-associated bacterial communities in Phu Quoc and Nha Trang. Across all samples, 28 potential biological markers and 95 core ASVs were found, revealing significant differences in coral-associated bacterial communities. Collectively, these findings provide a comprehensive understanding of bacterial communities living in coral reefs across different geographic sites, which could be useful springboards for further studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse11010074
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 9
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    Comparative Genome Analysis of Two Heterotrophic Nitrifying Pseudomonas putida Strains Isolated from Freshwater Shrimp Ponds in Soc Trang Province
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Fermentation Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2022-07-17), p. 336-
    Details
    In: Fermentation, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2022-07-17), p. 336-
    Abstract: Nitrogen compounds, especially ammonia, are widely produced in aquaculture systems during cultivation. Ammonia has been investigated as a model compound for use by heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria. Pseudomonas TT321 and Pseudomonas TT322, isolated from shrimp pond water in Soc Trang province, Vietnam, are identified by comparing them with 31 of the closest genomes sequences from the NCBI nucleotide database. The genome sizes of strains TT321 and TT322 were 5,566,241 bp and 5,563,644 bp, respectively. No plasmids were evident in these strains. Genome analysis revealed that TT321 and TT322 belonged to Pseudomonas putida and shared a common ancestor with 33 genomes. Analysis based on the comparison of genomes showed that three genes, carbamate kinase (arcC), glutamine synthetase (Glul), and aminomethyltransferase (amt), are involved in three metabolic pathways. These pathways are: (i) arginine and proline metabolism, (ii) alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and (iii) glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. These genes may play important roles in ammonia reduction and support bacterial growth via ammonia assimilation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-5637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8070336
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813985-9
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  • 10
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    LED Lights Promote Growth and Flavonoid Accumulation of Anoectochilus roxburghii and Are Linked to the Enhanced Expression of Several Related Genes
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Plants Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-10-12), p. 1344-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-10-12), p. 1344-
    Abstract: Anoectochilus roxburghii is a wild edible species and has been traditionally used for a wide range of diseases in many countries. Our research aims to find the optimal light-emitting diode (LED) lighting conditions to improve the growth and development of A. roxburghii seedling at the acclimation stage. Two-month-old explants were cultured under the various lighting conditions including red (R), blue (B), BR (one blue: four red), BRW151 (one blue: five red: one white), BRW142 (one blue: four red: two white), and fluorescent lamp (FL). The results showed that the lighting conditions not only affect the growth and morphology of plants but also the accumulation of total flavonoids. Single wavelengths (B or R LED) inhibited the growth and secondary biosynthesis of A. roxburghii, while the BR LED showed an enhancement in both growth and biomass accumulation. A. roxburghii plants were grown under BR LED light has average plant height (7.18 cm), stem diameter (17.6mm), number of leaves (5.78 leaves/tree), leaf area (4.67 cm2), fresh weight (0.459 g/tree), dry matter percentages (11.69%), and total flavonoid (1.811 mg/g FW) is considered to be superior to FL lamps and other LEDs in the experiment. This indicates that both blue and red wavelengths are required for the normal growth of A. roxburghii. To learn more about how light affects flavonoid biosynthesis, we evaluated the expression of genes involved in this process (pal, chs, chi, and fls) and found that BR LED light enhances the expression level of chi and fls genes compared to fluorescent lamps (1.18 and 1.21 times, respectively), leading to an increase in the flavonoid content of plant. Therefore, applying BR LED during in vitro propagation of A. roxburghii could be a feasible way to improve the medicinal value of this plant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants9101344
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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