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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    LC-MS/MS Quantification of Nevirapine and Its Metabolites in Hair for Assessing Long-Term Adherence
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 25, No. 23 ( 2020-12-02), p. 5692-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 23 ( 2020-12-02), p. 5692-
    Abstract: The adherence assessment based on the combination of nevirapine (NVP) and its two metabolites (2-hydroxynevirapine and 3-hydroxynevirapine) would more comprehensively and accurately reflect long-term adherence than that of a single prototype. This study aimed to develop a specific, sensitive and selective method for simultaneous detection of the three compounds in hair and explore whether there was consistency among the three compounds in assessing long-term adherence. Furthermore, 75 HIV-positive patients who were taking the NVP drug were randomly recruited and divided into two groups (high-and low-adherence group). All participants self-reported their days of oral drug administration per month and provided their hair strands closest to the scalp at the region of posterior vertex. The concentrations of three compounds in the hair were determined using a developed LC-MS/MS method in multiple reaction monitoring. This method showed good performances in limit of quantification and accuracy with the recoveries from 85 to 115% and in precision with the intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation within 15% for the three compounds. The population analysis revealed that patients with high-adherence showed significantly higher concentrations than those with low-adherence for all three compounds. There were significantly moderate correlations of nevirapine with 2-hydroxynevirapine and 3-hydroxynevirapin and high correlation between 2-hydroxynevirapine and 3-hydroxynevirapin. The two NVP’s metabolites showed high consistency with NVP in evaluating long-term adherence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235692
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Flotation Separation of Scheelite from Calcite Using Sulfonated Naphthalene–Formaldehyde Condensate as Depressant
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Minerals Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-04-21), p. 517-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-04-21), p. 517-
    Abstract: In this paper, the potential of sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF) condensate as a depressant in the flotation separation of scheelite from calcite was verified and investigated. The results of microflotation experiments showed that SNF had a stronger depressant performance on calcite than a conventional depressant—water glass and had an excellent performance in fine-grained particles (−0.037 mm) treatment. Adsorption tests were conducted to quantitatively study the selective adsorption of SNF on the surface of scheelite and calcite. At 200 mg/L SNF, the adsorption density of SNF on the calcite surface reached 5.48 mg/g, which was more than four times than that of scheelite. In addition, compared with scheelite, the adsorption of SNF on the calcite surface had a more significant negative effect on the contact angle. Moreover, infrared (IR) measurements combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis were performed to investigate the adsorption mechanisms of SNF on scheelite and calcite surfaces. The results showed that the adsorption of SNF on scheelite was more likely to be physical attraction, while the –SO3− group in SNF could chemically react with Ca species on the surface of calcite, resulting in a stronger adsorption than on scheelite.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min12050517
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Their Economy and Our Health: Communicating Climate Change to the Divided American Public
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 21 ( 2020-10-22), p. 7718-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 21 ( 2020-10-22), p. 7718-
    Abstract: Climate change poses severe economic and public health threats to societies around the world. However, little is known about how selectively emphasizing its impacts on different issues and in different locations influence public engagement in climate change mitigation. Utilizing an experimental survey with adult participants, this study investigates the effect of issue framing and distance framing on risk perception and policy support related to climate change. The impacts of political ideology, environmental value, and belief in climate science on message effect are also examined. Based on the results of ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) regression, we found that compared with the economy frame, the public health frame led to greater polarization in risk perception and policy support between liberals and conservatives, and these relationships were mediated by environmental value and belief in climate science. Similarly, distance framing also increased ideological polarization in risk perception and policy support.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217718
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Double- or Triple-Tiered Protection: Prospects for the Sustainable Application of Copper-Based Antimicrobial Compounds for Another Fourteen Decades
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 13 ( 2023-06-30), p. 10893-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 13 ( 2023-06-30), p. 10893-
    Abstract: Copper (Cu)-based antimicrobial compounds (CBACs) have been widely used to control phytopathogens for nearly fourteen decades. Since the first commercialized Bordeaux mixture was introduced, CBACs have been gradually developed from highly to slightly soluble reagents and from inorganic to synthetic organic, with nanomaterials being a recent development. Traditionally, slightly soluble CBACs form a physical film on the surface of plant tissues, separating the micro-organisms from the host, then release divalent or monovalent copper ions (Cu2+ or Cu+) to construct a secondary layer of protection which inhibits the growth of pathogens. Recent progress has demonstrated that the release of a low concentration of Cu2+ may elicit immune responses in plants. This supports a triple-tiered protection role of CBACs: break contact, inhibit microorganisms, and stimulate host immunity. This spatial defense system, which is integrated both inside and outside the plant cell, provides long-lasting and broad-spectrum protection, even against emergent copper-resistant strains. Here, we review recent findings and highlight the perspectives underlying mitigation strategies for the sustainable utilization of CBACs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310893
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multimodal Image Fusion for X-ray Grating Interferometry
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2023-03-14), p. 3115-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2023-03-14), p. 3115-
    Abstract: X-ray grating interferometry (XGI) can provide multiple image modalities. It does so by utilizing three different contrast mechanisms—attenuation, refraction (differential phase-shift), and scattering (dark-field)—in a single dataset. Combining all three imaging modalities could create new opportunities for the characterization of material structure features that conventional attenuation-based methods are unable probe. In this study, we proposed an image fusion scheme based on the non-subsampled contourlet transform and spiking cortical model (NSCT-SCM) to combine the tri-contrast images retrieved from XGI. It incorporated three main steps: (i) image denoising based on Wiener filtering, (ii) the NSCT-SCM tri-contrast fusion algorithm, and (iii) image enhancement using contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization, adaptive sharpening, and gamma correction. The tri-contrast images of the frog toes were used to validate the proposed approach. Moreover, the proposed method was compared with three other image fusion methods by several figures of merit. The experimental evaluation results highlighted the efficiency and robustness of the proposed scheme, with less noise, higher contrast, more information, and better details.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23063115
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Application of a Superplasticizer in Scheelite Selective Flotation from Calcite
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Minerals Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-15), p. 483-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-15), p. 483-
    Abstract: The superplasticizer sulfonated acetone formaldehyde condensate (SAF) was first used as a depressant in the selective flotation of scheelite and calcite in this paper. First, single mineral flotation tests were performed to compare the depressing performance of SAF and the traditional depressant water glass. Results showed that both −0.074 + 0.037 mm and −0.037 mm particles could be well treated by SAF with more satisfactory results than that of water glass. Contact angle test results showed that SAF could amplify the wettability difference between scheelite and calcite surfaces. Then, the effect of SAF on the surface electrical properties of scheelite and calcite was studied by zeta-potential tests. SAF could negatively charge the calcite surface before adding the collector and hinder the subsequent adsorption of the collector while having little effect on the scheelite. Moreover, microscopic analysis of slurry suspensions showed that SAF could prevent calcite particles from forming hydrophobic agglomerates to achieve the dispersion of gangue minerals. Finally, the selective adsorption effect of the SAF on the calcite and scheelite surfaces was studied by surface analysis using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). Results showed that Ca2+ on the calcite surface was the main adsorption site for the chemisorption of sulfonic acid groups in SAF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min12040483
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Failure Mechanism Analysis and Optimization Analysis of Tunnel Joint Waterstop Considering Bonding and Extrusion
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-06-05), p. 5737-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-06-05), p. 5737-
    Abstract: In waterproofing mountain tunnels, the tunnel joint is the weak link. To explore the waterproof failure mechanism of the tunnel joint waterstop belt and to propose an optimization method for the waterstop belt, this paper combines tests and numerical simulations, summarizes the waterproofing mechanism of the waterstop belt, establishes a finite element model of the waterstop belt considering bonding and extrusion, and studies the waterproofing ability and mechanical properties of the waterstop. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The waterproofing capacity of the water stop belt depends on its surface contact pressure and bonding force. (2) Waterstop deformation will partially destroy the bonding between the waterstop and concrete, reducing the reliability of the waterproofing mechanism. (3) When the deformation of the waterstop belt reaches a certain degree, its stress value is too large to meet the requirements of its service life. (4) The design can be optimized from two aspects: the bond between the waterstop and concrete, and the size of the waterstop.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12115737
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Temperature Influence on Formability and Microstructure of AZ31B during Electric Hot Temperature-Controlled Incremental Forming
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2021-02-08), p. 810-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2021-02-08), p. 810-
    Abstract: The straight groove test of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet by electric hot temperature-controlled incremental sheet forming (ISF) was conducted at different temperatures. The temperature influence on fracture depth, deformation force and strain distribution was investigated. It was found that the limit depth and major strain increased as the temperature rose and that the forming force decreased correspondingly. Furthermore, the fracture behavior changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. Considering the formability and surface wear comprehensively, the optimized forming temperature was determined to be 300 °C. The microstructure of the groove specimen was analyzed and the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was considered to be the reason for the improved formability. The degree of DRX depended on the temperature and degree of deformation, which resulted in non-uniform distribution of hardness within the cross section of the groove specimen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14040810
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Framing Climate Change Impacts as Moral Violations: The Pathway of Perceived Message Credibility
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 9 ( 2022-04-25), p. 5210-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 9 ( 2022-04-25), p. 5210-
    Abstract: Climate change has been increasingly discussed in moral terms in public discourse. Despite the growing body of research on the effectiveness of moral frames in bridging the ideological divide, few studies have examined the role that perceived credibility, an important element of any persuasive appeal, plays in facilitating the framing effect. With the objective of further understanding how moral frames may engage individuals with different ideologies in climate change and refining climate change messaging strategies, two experimental surveys were conducted to examine the effects of moral violation frames on climate engagement. Specifically, a moderated mediation model was tested. The model posits that message credibility mediates the relationship between moral frames and policy support, as well as the relationship between moral frames and behavior intention. Moreover, political ideology moderated the indirect effects of message credibility. Based on moral foundations theory, seven messages were designed to activate individualizing and binding moral foundations. The results indicated that credibility consistently mediated the effects of the moral violation frame on climate engagement and that liberal-leaning individuals were more likely to perceive an individualizing frame as more credible than a binding frame. However, this difference was smaller among conservative-leaning individuals, with evidence for this moderated mediation model found only for policy support among college students. This study suggests that credibility is key for effective moral violations arguments of climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095210
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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