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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-Throughput Production of Heterogeneous RuO2/Graphene Catalyst in a Hydrodynamic Reactor for Selective Alcohol Oxidation
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-12-30), p. 25-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-12-30), p. 25-
    Abstract: We report on the high-throughput production of heterogeneous catalysts of RuO2-deposited graphene using a hydrodynamic process for selective alcohol oxidation. The fluid mechanics of a hydrodynamic process based on a Taylor–Couette flow provide a high shear stress field and fast mixing process. The unique fluidic behavior efficiently exfoliates graphite into defect-free graphene sheets dispersed in water solution, in which ionic liquid is used as the stabilizing reagent to prevent the restacking of the graphene sheets. The deposition of RuO2 on a graphene surface is performed using a hydrodynamic process, resulting in the uniform coating of RuO2 nanoparticles. The as synthesized RuO2/IL–graphene catalyst has been applied efficiently for the oxidation of a wide variety of alcohol substrates, including biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) under environmentally benign conditions. The catalyst is mechanically stable and recyclable, confirming its heterogeneous nature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal9010025
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Overexpression of Replication-Dependent Histone Signifies a Subset of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma with Increased Aggressiveness
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 13 ( 2021-06-22), p. 3122-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 13 ( 2021-06-22), p. 3122-
    Abstract: Liposarcoma (LPS) is an adult soft tissue malignancy that arises from fat tissue, where well-differentiated (WD) and dedifferentiated (DD) forms are the most common. DDLPS represents the progression of WDLPS into a more aggressive high-grade and metastatic form. Although a few DNA copy-number amplifications are known to be specifically found in WD- or DDLPS, systematic genetic differences that signify subtype determination between WDLPS and DDLPS remain unclear. Here, we profiled the genome and transcriptome of 38 LPS tumors to uncover the genetic signatures of subtype differences. Replication-dependent histone (RD-HIST) mRNAs were highly elevated and their regulation was disrupted in a subset of DDLPS, increasing cellular histone molecule levels, as measured using RNA-seq (the averaged fold change of 53 RD-HIST genes between the DD and WD samples was 10.9) and immunohistochemistry. The change was not observed in normal tissues. Integrated whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, and methylation analyses revealed that the overexpressed HMGA2 (the fold change between DD and WD samples was 7.3) was responsible for the increased RD-HIST level, leading to aberrant cell proliferation. Therefore, HMGA2-mediated elevation of RD-HISTs were crucial events in determining the aggressiveness of DDLPS, which may serve as a biomarker for prognosis prediction for liposarcoma patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133122
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Synthetic Cell-Penetrating Heparin-Binding Peptide Derived from BMP4 with Anti-Inflammatory and Chondrogenic Functions for the Treatment of Arthritis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 12 ( 2020-06-15), p. 4251-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 12 ( 2020-06-15), p. 4251-
    Abstract: We report dual therapeutic effects of a synthetic heparin-binding peptide (HBP) corresponding to residues 15–24 of the heparin binding site in BMP4 in a collagen-induced rheumatic arthritis model (CIA) for the first time. The cell penetrating capacity of HBP led to improved cartilage recovery and anti-inflammatory effects via down-regulation of the iNOS-IFNγ-IL6 signaling pathway in inflamed RAW264.7 cells. Both arthritis and paw swelling scores were significantly improved following HBP injection into CIA model mice. Anti-rheumatic effects were accelerated upon combined treatment with Enbrel® and HBP. Serum IFNγ and IL6 concentrations were markedly reduced following intraperitoneal HBP injection in CIA mice. The anti-rheumatic effects of HBP in mice were similar to those of Enbrel®. Furthermore, the combination of Enbrel® and HBP induced similar anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory effects as Enbrel®. We further investigated the effect of HBP on damaged chondrocytes in CIA mice. Regenerative capacity of HBP was confirmed based on increased expression of chondrocyte biomarker genes, including aggrecan, collagen type II and TNFα, in adult human knee chondrocytes. These findings collectively support the utility of our cell-permeable bifunctional HBP with anti-inflammatory and chondrogenic properties as a potential source of therapeutic agents for degenerative inflammatory diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124251
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inhibition of Skin Inflammation by Scytonemin, an Ultraviolet Sunscreen Pigment
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2020-06-04), p. 300-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2020-06-04), p. 300-
    Abstract: Scytonemin is a yellow-green ultraviolet sunscreen pigment present in different genera of aquatic and terrestrial blue-green algae, including marine cyanobacteria. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activities of scytonemin were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Topical application of scytonemin inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear swelling in BALB/c mice. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also suppressed by scytonemin treatment in the TPA-treated ear of BALB/c mice. In addition, scytonemin inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage-like cell line, and the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and iNOS were also suppressed by scytonemin in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further study demonstrated that LPS-induced NF-κB activity was significantly suppressed by scytonemin treatment in RAW 264.7 cells. Our results also showed that the degradation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit were blocked by scytonemin in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that scytonemin inhibits skin inflammation by blocking the expression of inflammatory mediators, and the anti-inflammatory effect of scytonemin is mediated, at least in part, by down-regulation of NF-κB activity. Our results also suggest that scytonemin might be used as a multi-function skin care ingredient for UV protection and anti-inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md18060300
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New-Onset and Exacerbation of Lung Diseases after Short-Term Exposures to Humidifier Disinfectant during Hospitalization
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Toxics Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2022-07-04), p. 371-
    Details
    In: Toxics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2022-07-04), p. 371-
    Abstract: (1) Background: Humidifier disinfectant (HD) is a biocidal chemical to keep the water tank inside a humidifier clean. Thousands of Koreans have experienced HD-related lung injuries. Of them, 6.9% were exposed to HD in hospitals. (2) Methods: This study investigated changes of diseases in patients (or caregivers) who experienced HD exposures during hospitalization and also investigated characteristics of hospital exposure using data from all HD-related lung injury enrollment in Korea. (3) Results: Of a total of 162 subjects, 139 subjects were hospitalized for non-lung diseases, and 23 people were hospitalized for lung diseases at the time of hospitalization. During hospital exposure, 99 (71.2%) of those hospitalized with non-lung disease experienced a new-onset of lung disease, and 15 (65.2%) of those hospitalized with lung diseases experienced exacerbation of their existing lung diseases. When we compared their exposure characteristics, those exposed in hospitals (vs. non-hospital, mostly home) were exposed for shorter periods, at closer distances, at higher HD indoor concentrations, constantly all day, and directly in the facial direction. (4) Conclusion: In conclusion, HD exposures in hospital with a high intensity even for a short term were associated with new-onset or exacerbation of lung diseases. Our findings suggest that acute exposures to HD can cause lung diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2305-6304
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070371
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2733883-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Twenty-Year Retrospective Study of Post-Enucleation Chemotherapy in High-Risk Patients with Unilateral Retinoblastoma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Children Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2022-12-16), p. 1983-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2022-12-16), p. 1983-
    Abstract: Primary enucleation is a life-saving treatment for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma, particularly in patients with poor visual potential and functional contralateral eyes. This single-center study presents the treatment outcomes of patients with unilateral retinoblastoma who received primary enucleation and adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and intrathecal methotrexate (CVDM) between 2000 and 2020. Twenty patients were enrolled in the study. The median age at diagnosis was 26 months (range, 1–45). Eighteen patients (90%) were in group E and two (10%) were in group D, according to the intraocular classification of retinoblastoma guidelines. Excluding one patient with an inadequate specimen, 19 patients (95%) had optic nerve involvement (ONI) at least up to the lamina cribrosa. Eight patients (40%) had choroidal invasion in addition to ONI. Two patients (10%) were surgical resection margin positive. The overall and event-free survival rates were 100% and 95%, respectively, for a median follow-up duration of 102.24 months (range 24.2–202.9). There were no relapses or deaths due to any cause, but one patient developed secondary rhabdomyosarcoma 99.6 months after chemotherapy. Treatment was well tolerated, with minimal hematotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. CVDM as a post-enucleation chemotherapy for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma has excellent outcomes with tolerable toxicity. However, in line with updated treatment trends, further risk stratification and lowering the treatment intensity should be considered. Continued long-term follow-up is required to further determine late effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children9121983
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2732685-8
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Soybean Viromes in the Republic of Korea Revealed by RT-PCR and Next-Generation Sequencing
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2020-11-12), p. 1777-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2020-11-12), p. 1777-
    Abstract: Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most important crop plants in the Republic of Korea. Here, we conducted a soybean virome study. We harvested a total of 172 soybean leaf samples showing disease symptoms from major soybean-growing regions in the Republic of Korea. Individual samples were examined for virus infection by RT-PCR. Moreover, we generated eight libraries representing eight provinces by pooling samples and four libraries from single samples. RNA-seq followed by bioinformatics analyses revealed 10 different RNA viruses infecting soybean. The proportion of viral reads in each transcriptome ranged from 0.2 to 31.7%. Coinfection of different viruses in soybean plants was very common. There was a single dominant virus in each province, and this geographical difference might be related to the soybean seeds that transmit viruses. In this study, 32 viral genome sequences were assembled and successfully used to analyze the phylogenetic relationships and quasispecies nature of the identified RNA viruses. Moreover, RT-PCR with newly developed primers confirmed infection of the identified viruses in each library. Taken together, our soybean virome study provides a comprehensive overview of viruses infecting soybean in eight geographical regions in the Republic of Korea and four single soybean plants in detail.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111777
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Primary Ciliogenesis by 2-Isopropylmalic Acid Prevents PM2.5-Induced Inflammatory Response and MMP-1 Activation in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and a 3-D-Skin Model
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 20 ( 2021-10-10), p. 10941-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 20 ( 2021-10-10), p. 10941-
    Abstract: Particulate matters (PMs) increase oxidative stress and inflammatory response in different tissues. PMs disrupt the formation of primary cilia in various skin cells, including keratinocytes and melanocytes. In this study, we found that 2-isopropylmalic acid (2-IPMA) promoted primary ciliogenesis and restored the PM2.5-induced dysgenesis of primary cilia in dermal fibroblasts. Moreover, 2-IPMA inhibited the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species and the activation of stress kinase in PM2.5-treated dermal fibroblasts. Further, 2-IPMA inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, which were upregulated by PM2.5. However, the inhibition of primary ciliogenesis by IFT88 depletion reversed the downregulated cytokines by 2-IPMA. Moreover, we found that PM2.5 treatment increased the MMP-1 expression in dermal fibroblasts and a human 3-D-skin model. The reduced MMP-1 expression by 2-IPMA was further reversed by IFT88 depletion in PM2.5-treated dermal fibroblasts. These findings suggest that 2-IPMA ameliorates PM2.5-induced inflammation by promoting primary ciliogenesis in dermal fibroblasts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010941
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 9
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    Genetic Load of Alternations of Transcription Factor Genes in Non-Syndromic Deafness and the Associated Clinical Phenotypes: Experience from Two Tertiary Referral Centers
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-08-30), p. 2125-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-08-30), p. 2125-
    Abstract: Sensorineural hearing loss is one of the most common inherited sensory disorders. Functional classifications of deafness genes have shed light on genotype- and mechanism-based pharmacological approaches and on gene therapy strategies. In this study, we characterized the clinical phenotypes and genotypes of non-syndromic deafness caused by transcription factor (TF) gene variants, one of the functional classifications of genetic hearing loss. Of 1280 probands whose genomic DNA was subjected to molecular genetic testing, TF genes were responsible for hearing loss in 2.6%. Thirty-three pathogenic variants, including nine novel variants, accounting for non-syndromic deafness were clustered in only four TF genes (POU3F4, POU4F3, LMX1A, and EYA4), which is indicative of a narrow molecular etiologic spectrum of TF genes, and the functional redundancy of many other TF genes, in the context of non-syndromic deafness. The audiological and radiological characteristics associated with the four TF genes differed significantly, with a wide phenotypic spectrum. The results of this study reveal the genetic load of TF gene alterations among a cohort with non-syndromic hearing loss. Additionally, we have further refined the clinical profiles associated with TF gene variants as a basis for a personalized, genetically tailored approach to audiological rehabilitation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092125
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Protection against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endotoxemia by Terrein Is Mediated by Blocking Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-6 Production
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2022-11-18), p. 1429-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2022-11-18), p. 1429-
    Abstract: Terrein is a fungal metabolite and has been known to exert anti-melanogenesis, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities. However, its role in endotoxemia has never been investigated until now. In the present study, we examined the effect of terrein on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia in mice and characterized the potential mechanisms of action. Treatment with terrein increased the survival of mice and decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in an LPS-induced endotoxemia model. In addition, terrein suppressed the LPS-induced production of IL-1β and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage-like cell line, and the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was also inhibited by terrein in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further study demonstrated that terrein blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of p65 subunit of nuclear factor (NF)/κB and the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was also suppressed by terrein treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that terrein exerts a protective effect again LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice by blocking the production of inflammatory cytokines. Our results also suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of terrein might be mediated, at least in part, by blocking the activation of NF-κB, JNK, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph15111429
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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