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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Iron-Storage Protein Ferritin Is Upregulated in Endometriosis and Iron Overload Contributes to a Migratory Phenotype
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2020-10-27), p. 454-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2020-10-27), p. 454-
    Abstract: High levels of iron in the peritoneal cavity during menstruation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. However, whether iron directly affects the growth or migration of human endometriotic cells is poorly understood. This study demonstrated the presence of increased levels of the iron storage protein, ferritin, in the endometriotic tissues of patients with endometriosis. Furthermore, iron treatment stimulated the migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), but not growth, of 12Z human endometriotic cells. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9 was markedly increased through iron treatment in 12Z cells. Interestingly, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were significantly increased by iron in 12Z cells, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine significantly reduced iron-induced migration and MMP-2/-9 expression. Additionally, iron stimulated the activation of the NFκB pathway, and the activation was associated with iron-induced migration and MMP-2/-9 expression in 12Z cells. Moreover, iron markedly increased EMT and MMP-2/-9 expression in endometriotic lesions in an endometriosis mouse model. Taken together, these results suggest that iron may contribute to the migration abilities of human endometriotic cells via MMP expression through the ROS–NFκB pathway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110454
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 2
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    Patient-Derived, Drug-Resistant Colon Cancer Cells Evade Chemotherapeutic Drug Effects via the Induction of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Mediated Angiogenesis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 20 ( 2020-10-10), p. 7469-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 20 ( 2020-10-10), p. 7469-
    Abstract: Cancer cells can exhibit resistance to different anticancer drugs by acquiring enhanced anti-apoptotic potential, improved DNA injury resistance, diminished enzymatic inactivation, and enhanced permeability, allowing for cell survival. However, the genetic mechanisms for these effects are unknown. Therefore, in this study, we obtained drug-sensitive HT-29 cells (commercially) and drug-resistant cancer cells (derived from biochemically and histologically confirmed colon cancer patients) and performed microarray analysis to identify genetic differences. Cellular proliferation and other properties were determined after treatment with oxaliplatin, lenvatinib, or their combination. In vivo, tumor volume and other properties were examined using a mouse xenograft model. The oxaliplatin and lenvatinib cotreatment group showed more significant cell cycle arrest than the control group and groups treated with either agent alone. Oxaliplatin and lenvatinib cotreatment induced the most significant tumor shrinkage in the xenograft model. Drug-resistant and metastatic colon cancer cells evaded the anticancer drug effects via angiogenesis. These findings present a breakthrough strategy for treating drug-resistant cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207469
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Potential Therapeutic Agents against Paclitaxel—And Sorafenib-Resistant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2022-09-08), p. 10378-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2022-09-08), p. 10378-
    Abstract: Thyroid carcinoma, a disease in which malignant cells form in the thyroid tissue, is the most common endocrine carcinoma, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounting for nearly 80% of total thyroid carcinoma cases. However, the management of metastatic or recurrent therapy-refractory PTC is challenging and requires complex carcinoma therapy. In this study, we proposed a new clinical approach for the treatment of therapy-refractory PTC. We identified sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) as an essential factor for the survival of PTC cells refractory to the treatment with paclitaxel or sorafenib. We validated its use as a potential target for developing drugs against resistant PTC, by using patient-derived paclitaxel- or sorafenib-resistant PTC cells. We further discovered novel SERCA inhibitors, candidates 7 and 13, using the evolutionary chemical binding similarity method. These novel SERCA inhibitors determined a substantial reduction of tumors in a patient-derived xenograft tumor model developed using paclitaxel- or sorafenib-resistant PTC cells. These results could provide a basis for clinically meaningful progress in the treatment of refractory PTC by identifying a novel therapeutic strategy: using a combination therapy between sorafenib or paclitaxel and specific SERCA inhibitors for effectively and selectively targeting extremely malignant cells such as antineoplastic-resistant and carcinoma stem-like cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810378
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 4
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    All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Death between Statins and Omega-3 Supplementation: A Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Analysis from 55 Randomized Controlled Trials
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-10-20), p. 3203-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-10-20), p. 3203-
    Abstract: Statins and omega-3 supplementation have shown potential benefits in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD), but their comparative effects on mortality outcomes, in addition to primary and secondary prevention and mixed population, have not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the effect of statins and omega-3 supplementation and indirectly compare the effects of statin use and omega-3 fatty acids on all-cause mortality and CVD death. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from meta-analyses published until December 2019. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to indirectly compare the effect of statin use versus omega-3 supplementation in a frequentist network meta-analysis. In total, 55 RCTs were included in the final analysis. Compared with placebo, statins were significantly associated with a decreased the risk of all-cause mortality (RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.86–0.94) and CVD death (RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.80–0.92), while omega-3 supplementation showed a borderline effect on all-cause mortality (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94–1.01) but were significantly associated with a reduced risk of CVD death (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.87–0.98) in the meta-analysis. The network meta-analysis found that all-cause mortality was significantly different between statin use and omega-3 supplementation for overall population (RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85–0.98), but borderline for primary prevention and mixed population and nonsignificant for secondary prevention. Furthermore, there were borderline differences between statin use and omega-3 supplementation in CVD death in the total population (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.82–1.04) and primary prevention (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.68–1.05), but nonsignificant differences in secondary prevention (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.66–1.43) and mixed population (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.75–1.14). To summarize, statin use might be associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality than omega-3 supplementation. Future direct comparisons between statin use and omega-3 supplementation are required to confirm the findings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu12103203
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 5
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    Base-Pair Opening Dynamics Study of Fluoride Riboswitch in the Bacillus cereus CrcB Gene
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 6 ( 2021-03-22), p. 3234-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 6 ( 2021-03-22), p. 3234-
    Abstract: Riboswitches are segments of noncoding RNA that bind with metabolites, resulting in a change in gene expression. To understand the molecular mechanism of gene regulation in a fluoride riboswitch, a base-pair opening dynamics study was performed with and without ligands using the Bacillus cereus fluoride riboswitch. We demonstrate that the structural stability of the fluoride riboswitch is caused by two steps depending on ligands. Upon binding of a magnesium ion, significant changes in a conformation of the riboswitch occur, resulting in the greatest increase in their stability and changes in dynamics by a fluoride ion. Examining hydrogen exchange dynamics through NMR spectroscopy, we reveal that the stabilization of the U45·A37 base-pair due to the binding of the fluoride ion, by changing the dynamics while maintaining the structure, results in transcription regulation. Our results demonstrate that the opening dynamics and stabilities of a fluoride riboswitch in different ion states are essential for the genetic switching mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063234
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Survival Benefit of Anticoagulation Therapy in End Stage Kidney Disease Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Single Center Retrospective Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Medicina Vol. 58, No. 1 ( 2021-12-30), p. 58-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 58, No. 1 ( 2021-12-30), p. 58-
    Abstract: Background and Objectives: Although the need for anticoagulation to prevent thromboembolism is increasing and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been tried, there is still controversy about the efficacy of anticoagulation in patients with dialysis. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the risk and benefit of anticoagulation in dialysis patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We retrospectively analyzed all data of 89 patients who received dialysis therapy and were diagnosed with AF. Among them, 27 received anticoagulation (11 warfarin and 16 apixaban 2.5 mg twice a day), while 62 received no anticoagulation. Results: In multivariate Cox regression analysis, compared to no anticoagulation treatment, anticoagulation treatment was associated with a low incidence of all-cause mortality (hazard ratios (HR) 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.88). Compared to no anticoagulation treatment, more anticoagulation treatment patients experienced severe bleeding (HR 4.67; 95% CI 1.26–17.25) and any bleeding (HR 2.79; 95% CI 1.01–7.74). Compared to no anticoagulation, warfarin treatment patients were associated with a low incidence of all-cause mortality (HR 0.26; 95% CI 0.09–0.81) and a high incidence of severe bleeding (HR 4.85; 95% CI 1.12–21.10). All-cause mortality and bleeding were not significantly different between no anticoagulation and apixaban treatment patients. Conclusions: In dialysis patients with AF, anticoagulation therapy is associated with an increased incidence of severe bleeding, but anticoagulation therapy is associated with a low incidence of all-cause mortality. Individualized anticoagulation therapy with careful bleeding monitoring is needed in dialysis patients with AF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010058
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 7
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    Development of a Real-Time Vespa velutina Nest Detection and Notification System Using Artificial Intelligence in Drones
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Drones Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2023-10-10), p. 630-
    Details
    In: Drones, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2023-10-10), p. 630-
    Abstract: Vespa velutina is an ecosystem disruptor that causes annual damage worth KRW 170 billion (USD 137 million) to the South Korean beekeeping industry. Due to its strong fertility and high-lying habitat, it is difficult to control. This study aimed to develop a system for the control of V. velutina nests using drones for detection and tracking the real-time location of the nests. Vespa velutina nest image data were acquired in Buan-gun and Wanju-gun (Jeollabuk-do), and artificial intelligence learning was conducted using YOLO-v5. Drone image resolutions of 640, 1280, 1920, and 3840 pixels were compared and analyzed. The 3840-pixel resolution model was selected, as it had no false detections for the verification image and showed the best detection performance, with a precision of 100%, recall of 92.5%, accuracy of 99.7%, and an F1 score of 96.1%. A computer (Jetson Xavier), real-time kinematics module, long-term evolution modem, and camera were installed on the drone to acquire real-time location data and images. Vespa velutina nest detection and location data were delivered to the user via artificial intelligence analysis. Utilizing a drone flight speed of 1 m/s and maintaining an altitude of 25 m, flight experiments were conducted near Gyeongcheon-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do. A total of four V. velutina nests were successfully located. Further research is needed on the detection accuracy of artificial intelligence in relation to objects that require altitude-dependent variations in drone-assisted exploration. Moreover, the potential applicability of these research findings to diverse domains is of interest.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2504-446X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/drones7100630
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934569-8
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  • 8
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    Factors Associated with Occurrence of Atelectasis during Sedation for Imaging in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Single Center Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 16 ( 2021-08-16), p. 3598-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 16 ( 2021-08-16), p. 3598-
    Abstract: Sedation can induce atelectasis which may cause suboptimal image quality. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the occurrence of atelectasis during sedation for imaging in pediatric patients. Patients 〈 18 years who had undergone whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under sedation with propofol or dexmedetomidine were included in this study. The development of atelectasis was visually and quantitatively assessed by coronal short tau inversion recovery images of the thoracic level. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the independent factors associated with the development of atelectasis. Ninety-one patients were included in the analysis. In the multivariable analysis, administration of supplemental oxygen was the only factor significantly associated with the occurrence of atelectasis (adjusted odds ratio, 4.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.48–15.83; p = 0.009). Univariable analysis showed that the use of dexmedetomidine was associated with a lower incidence of atelectasis; however, this could not be verified in the multivariable analysis. Among the pediatric patients who had undergone imaging under sedation, additional oxygen supplementation was the only independent factor associated with atelectasis occurrence. A prospective clinical trial is required to identify the cause-effect relationship between oxygen administration and occurrence of atelectasis during sedation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163598
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 9
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    Saikosaponin D Isolated from Bupleurum falcatum Inhibits Selectin-Mediated Cell Adhesion
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  Molecules Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2014-12-04), p. 20340-20349
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2014-12-04), p. 20340-20349
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules191220340
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 10
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    Clinical Significance of Gray to White Matter Ratio after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Children
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Children Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01), p. 36-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01), p. 36-
    Abstract: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) successfully restores systemic circulation approximately 50% of the time; however, many successfully restored patients have severe neurologic damage. In adults, the gray matter to white matter attenuation ratio (GWR) in brain computed tomography (CT) correlates with the neurologic outcome. However, in children, the clinical significance of GWR still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of children who underwent CPR for cardiac arrest according to the survival and to demonstrate the differentiation of grey/white matter by Hounsfield units of brain CT and to characterize the attenuations of grey and white matters. Methods: This is a retrospective single-center study. We enrolled those who underwent brain CT within 24 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from January 2005 to June 2018. Brain CTs were taken within 24 h of ROSC. We measured the attenuation of grey and white matter in Hounsfield units and calculated GWR. They were compared with healthy controls. Patients were analyzed as follows: survivors vs. non-survivors and better neurologic outcome vs. worse neurologic outcome. Results: Among 100 pediatric patients who had CPR, 56 met inclusion criteria. There were 24 patients who survived and 32 non-survivors. Our study revealed that the incidence of seizure, duration of CPR, and instances of hypothermia were significantly different between survivors and non-survivors. In both survivors and non-survivors, the attenuation of the caudate nucleus, putamen, GWR-basal ganglia, and average GWR were significantly different from controls. In regression analyses, the medial cortex and average GWR were the significant variables to predict survival, and the receiver operating curves revealed areas under curve of 0.733 and 0.666, respectively. Also, the medial cortex 1 was the only variable that predicted the neurologic outcome. Conclusions: There was some predictive survival value of GWR and medial cortex at the centrum semiovale level in early brain CT within 24 h after cardiac arrest. Although we could not find the predictive value of GWR in the neurologic outcome of pediatric patients, we found that the absolute attenuation of the medial cortex was low in patients with worse neurologic outcomes. Further prospective, multicenter studies are needed to determine the predictive value of GWR and the medial cortex.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children9010036
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2732685-8
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