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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Safety and Efficacy of Allogeneic Natural Killer Cells in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Chemotherapy-Refractory Biliary Tract Cancer: A Multicenter Open-Label Phase 1/2a Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2022-08-30), p. 4229-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2022-08-30), p. 4229-
    Abstract: Background and Aim: This study investigated the administration of combination therapy, allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells and pembrolizumab in the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancer to determine the safety and tolerability (phase 1) and the efficacy and safety (phase 2a). Methods: Forty patients (phase 1, n = 6; phase 2a, n = 34) were enrolled between December 2019 and June 2021. The patients received highly activated allogeneic NK cells (“SMT-NK”) on weeks 1 and 2 and pembrolizumab on week 1. This 3-week schedule (one cycle) was repeated until confirmed disease progression, intolerable adverse events (AEs), patient withdrawal, or finishing the maximum treatment schedule. The tumor response was evaluated after every three cycles. Results: In phase 1, four patients (66.7%) experienced seven AEs, but no severe AE was observed. In phase 2a, 126 AEs occurred in 29 patients (85.3%). Severe AEs (≥grade 3) were reported in 16 patients (47.1%). The overall response rate (ORR) was 17.4% in the full analysis set and 50.0% in the per-protocol set. Conclusions: SMT-NKs plus pembrolizumab resulted in no severe AEs directly related to the drug combination. The combination therapy also exerted antitumor activity with improved efficacy compared to the recent monotherapy with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174229
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Statistical Analysis and Thermodynamic Equilibrium Modelling for Chemical Composition of Groundwater and Spring Water at Jeju Island, South Korea
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Water Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-03-11), p. 777-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-03-11), p. 777-
    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to delineate the main contributions controlling the chemical composition of groundwater and spring water samples at Jeju Island, South Korea. Groundwater and spring water can be grouped as three chemical types: Fresh water (Ca, Na-HCO3), sea water mixing (Na-Cl, SO4) and contamination (Ca-NO3, Cl). By factor analysis, three factors can explain about 87% of chemical variances: Factor 1 (Na+ and Cl−), factor 2 (NO3−), and factors 3 (HCO3−), which are regarded as indicative ions of sea water mixing, contamination and mineral-water interaction, respectively. Sea water intrusion in the southeastern area of Jeju Island is due to downward distribution of Seogwipo Formation, which plays a role as an aquiclude preventing sea water intrusion in other areas, under sea level at the southeastern coastal area. Nitrate contamination is likely to be affected by pollution sources, i.e., agricultural activities, horse farms and municipal sewage. Thermodynamic saturation index indicates that most of waters are undersaturated with respect to major minerals, which may result from insufficient reaction time within a permeable aquifer. The unsaturation state corresponds to low load scores of Ca, Mg, Na, K, and SiO2 in factor 3, which means a low contribution of mineral-water interaction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w12030777
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Platelet-to-White Blood Cell Ratio Is Associated with Adverse Outcomes in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Deterioration
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 2463-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 2463-
    Abstract: Background: The platelet-to-white blood cell ratio (PWR) is a hematologic marker of the systemic inflammatory response. Recently, the PWR was revealed to have a role as an independent prognostic factor for mortality in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic failure (ACLF) and HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) with acute decompensation (AD). However, the prognostic role of the PWR still needs to be investigated in LC patients with AD. In this study, we analyzed whether the PWR could stratify the risk of adverse outcomes (death or liver transplantation (LT)) in these patients. Methods: A prospective cohort of 1670 patients with AD of liver cirrhosis ((age: 55.2 ± 7.8, male = 1226 (73.4%)) was enrolled and evaluated for 28-day and overall adverse outcomes. Results: During a median follow-up of 8.0 months (range, 1.9–15.5 months), 424 (25.4%) patients had adverse outcomes (death = 377, LT = 47). The most common etiology of LC was alcohol use (69.7%). The adverse outcome rate was higher for patients with a PWR ≤ 12.1 than for those with a PWR 〉 12.1. A lower PWR level was a prognostic factor for 28-day adverse outcomes (PWR: hazard ratio 1.707, p = 0.034) when adjusted for the etiology of cirrhosis, infection, ACLF, and the MELD score. In the subgroup analysis, the PWR level stratified the risk of 28-day adverse outcomes regardless of the presence of ACLF or the main form of AD but not for those with bacterial infection. Conclusions: A lower PWR level was associated with 28-day adverse outcomes, indicating that the PWR level can be a useful and simple tool for stratifying the risk of 28-day adverse outcomes in LC patients with AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092463
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Anatomical Morphology Analysis of Internal Jugular Veins and Factors Affecting Internal Jugular Vein Size
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Medicina Vol. 56, No. 3 ( 2020-03-18), p. 135-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 56, No. 3 ( 2020-03-18), p. 135-
    Abstract: Background and objectives: There is a paucity of research on the shape of internal jugular vein (IJV) and their association with an individual’s morphology and various chronic diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the anatomy of the IJV across various patients and to relate the differences in anatomy to basic patient characteristics. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 313 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced neck computed tomography between January 2017 and December 2018. The circumferences of the right and left IJVs were measured at three locations (hyoid bone, cricoid cartilage, and first thoracic vertebra) and parameters affecting the size of the IJV were analyzed. Results: The right IJV was significantly larger than the left IJV at each position (p 〈 0.001), and the area of the lumen was the largest at the cricoid cartilage level (p 〈 0.001). After dividing the right IJV data into two groups (above and below the median area), multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio (OR) 1.040; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022–1.058, p 〈 0.001) and body mass index (BMI, OR 1.080; 95% CI 1.011–1.154, p = 0.0.23) affected size. Conclusions: The right IJV is larger than the left and has a rhomboid morphology. Age and BMI are significant factors affecting the IJV size.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1010-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina56030135
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Analysis of the Common Femoral Artery and Vein: Anatomical Morphology, Vessel Relationship, and Factors Affecting Vessel Size
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Medicina Vol. 58, No. 2 ( 2022-02-21), p. 325-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 58, No. 2 ( 2022-02-21), p. 325-
    Abstract: Background and Objectives: We aimed to analyze the morphology of the common femoral artery (CFA) and common femoral vein (CFV) and the anatomical relationship between the two blood vessels, and to investigate the factors that influence the size of these blood vessels. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 584 patients who underwent abdominal and pelvic computed tomography from 1 February to 28 February 2021. We measured the vessels at three regions on both lower extremities (inguinal ligament, distal vessel bifurcation, midpoint) and analyzed and classified the degree of overlap between the CFA and CFV into three types, as well as the factors affecting vessel size. Results: After comparing the femoral vessels according to location, it was confirmed that the CFA and CFV were larger distally than proximally on both sides (p 〈 0.001). The degree of overlap increased distally (p 〈 0.001) but was less at the middle (p 〈 0.001) and distal (p = 0.011) regions on the right side. It was found that the size of CFA and CFV were related to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) and that malignancy also affects the CFA size. Conclusions: The morphology of the CFA and CFV was conical and increased distally. The degree of overlap between the two blood vessels also increased distally but was less on the right than on the left. Age, sex, and BMI are significant factors affecting the sizes of the CFA and CFV, and malignancy is associated with the CFA size.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020325
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Geochemical and Isotopic Compositions and Geothermometry of Thermal Waters in the Magumsan Area, South Korea
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Water Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-08-26), p. 1774-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-08-26), p. 1774-
    Abstract: The Magumsan thermal waters of the southeastern Korean Peninsula are pumped out of six deep wells (average depth, 300 m) at temperatures of 30.8–49 °C. The thermal waters are chemically classified into two groups: NaHCO3 type ( 〈 31 °C) and NaCl (HCO3, SO4) type ( 〉 40 °C), both of which have chemical compositions that are distinct from local groundwater (Ca–HCO3 type). δ18O and δD values suggest that the thermal waters originate from meteoric water and they are isotopically fractionated by silicate hydration or H2S exchange. δ34S values (+7.0 to +15%) of dissolved sulfate in the thermal waters reflect enrichment in 34S through kinetically controlled oxidation of magmatic pyrite in the thermal aquifer and mixing with paleo-seawater. On the 3He/4He vs. 4He/20Ne diagram, the thermal waters plot along a single air mixing line of dominant crustal He, which indicates that the heat source for the thermal waters is non-volcanogenic thermal energy that is generated from the decay of radioactive elements in crustal rocks. Chalcedony geothermometry and thermodynamic equilibrium calculations using the PHREEQC program indicate a reservoir temperature for the immature thermal waters of 54–86 °C and 55–83 °C, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w11091774
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Transcriptome Analysis of Pre-Storage 1-MCP and High CO2-Treated ‘Madoka’ Peach Fruit Explains the Reduction in Chilling Injury and Improvement of Storage Period by Delaying Ripening
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 9 ( 2021-04-23), p. 4437-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 9 ( 2021-04-23), p. 4437-
    Abstract: Cold storage of peach fruit at low temperatures may induce chilling injury (CI). Pre-storage 1-MCP and high CO2 treatments were reported among the methods to ameliorate CI and reduce softening of peach fruit. However, molecular data indicating the changes associated with pre-storage 1-MCP and high CO2 treatments during cold storage of peach fruit are insufficient. In this study, a comparative analysis of the difference in gene expression and physico-chemical properties of fruit at commercial harvest vs. stored fruit for 12 days at 0 °C (cold-stored (CS), pre-storage 1-MCP+CS, and pre-storage high CO2+CS) were used to evaluate the variation among treatments. Several genes were differentially expressed in 1-MCP+CS- and CO2+CS-treated fruits as compared to CS. Moreover, the physico-chemical and sensory data indicated that 1-MCP+CS and CO2+CS suppressed CI and delayed ripening than the CS, which could lead to a longer storage period. We also identified the list of genes that were expressed commonly and exclusively in the fruit treated by 1-MCP+CS and CO2+CS and compared them to the fruit quality parameters. An attempt was also made to identify and categorize genes related to softening, physiological changes, and other ripening-related changes. Furthermore, the transcript levels of 12 selected representative genes from the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the transcriptome analysis were confirmed via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These results add information on the molecular mechanisms of the pre-storage treatments during cold storage of peach fruit. Understanding the genetic response of susceptible cultivars such as ‘Madoka’ to CI-reducing pre-storage treatments would help breeders release CI-resistant cultivars and could help postharvest technologists to develop more CI-reducing technologies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094437
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Profiling Cannabinoid Contents and Expression Levels of Corresponding Biosynthetic Genes in Commercial Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivars
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 22 ( 2022-11-14), p. 3088-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 22 ( 2022-11-14), p. 3088-
    Abstract: Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is widely cultivated and studied for its psychoactive and medicinal properties. As the major cannabinoids are present in acidic forms in Cannabis plants, non-enzymatic processes, such as decarboxylation, are crucial for their conversion to neutral active cannabinoid forms. Herein, we detected the levels of cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC), and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in the leaves and vegetative shoots of five commercial Cannabis cultivars using a combination of relatively simple extraction, decarboxylation, and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses. The CBDV, CBC, and Δ9-THC levels were 6.3–114.9, 34.4–187.2, and 57.6–407.4 μg/g, respectively, and the CBD levels were the highest, ranging between 1.2–8.9 μg/g in leaf and vegetative shoot tissues of Cannabis cultivars. Additionally, correlations were observed between cannabinoid accumulation and transcription levels of genes encoding key enzymes for cannabinoid biosynthesis, including CsCBGAS, CsCBDAS, CsCBCAS, and CsTHCAS. These data suggest that the high accumulation of cannabinoids, such as CBC, Δ9-THC, and CBD, might be derived from the transcriptional regulation of CsCBGAS and CsCBDAS in Cannabis plants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11223088
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 9
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    Preharvest Treatment of Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid Increase the Yield, Antioxidant Activity and GABA Content of Tomato
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-12), p. 2293-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-12), p. 2293-
    Abstract: This study investigated the effect of preharvest treatment of 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA) on quality parameters, most important secondary metabolites (lycopene, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, and flavonoids), antioxidant activities, and amino acid contents of ‘Kumato’ tomato. Treatments with MeJA and SA led to an increase of total yield per plant and were effective in maintaining the fruit quality attributes such as firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and Brix acid ratio at two maturity stages (S1 and S2). In addition, lycopene, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, and flavonoids were significantly higher in the treated fruit than in the control. Moreover, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), essential amino acids, and antioxidant activity increased due to MeJA and SA treatments at both stages, especially with MeJA treatment at S2. Overall results also showed the effectiveness of MeJA treatment than SA on improving the yield and nutritional quality of ‘Kumato’ tomato.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11112293
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 10
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    A Study on 3D Deep Learning-Based Automatic Diagnosis of Nasal Fractures
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2022-01-10), p. 506-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2022-01-10), p. 506-
    Abstract: This paper reported a study on the 3-dimensional deep-learning-based automatic diagnosis of nasal fractures. (1) Background: The nasal bone is the most protuberant feature of the face; therefore, it is highly vulnerable to facial trauma and its fractures are known as the most common facial fractures worldwide. In addition, its adhesion causes rapid deformation, so a clear diagnosis is needed early after fracture onset. (2) Methods: The collected computed tomography images were reconstructed to isotropic voxel data including the whole region of the nasal bone, which are represented in a fixed cubic volume. The configured 3-dimensional input data were then automatically classified by the deep learning of residual neural networks (3D-ResNet34 and ResNet50) with the spatial context information using a single network, whose performance was evaluated by 5-fold cross-validation. (3) Results: The classification of nasal fractures with simple 3D-ResNet34 and ResNet50 networks achieved areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 94.5% and 93.4% for binary classification, respectively, both indicating unprecedented high performance in the task. (4) Conclusions: In this paper, it is presented the possibility of automatic nasal bone fracture diagnosis using a 3-dimensional Resnet-based single classification network and it will improve the diagnostic environment with future research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22020506
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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