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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PCSK9 Inhibition: From Current Advances to Evolving Future
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-23), p. 2972-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-23), p. 2972-
    Abstract: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a secretory serine protease synthesized primarily by the liver. It mainly promotes the degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) by binding LDL-R, reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) clearance. In addition to regulating LDL-R, PCSK9 inhibitors can also bind Toll-like receptors (TLRs), scavenger receptor B (SR-B/CD36), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), apolipoprotein E receptor-2 (ApoER2) and very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDL-R) reducing the lipoprotein concentration and slowing thrombosis. In addition to cardiovascular diseases, PCSK9 is also used in pancreatic cancer, sepsis, and Parkinson’s disease. Currently marketed PCSK9 inhibitors include alirocumab, evolocumab, and inclisiran, as well as small molecules, nucleic acid drugs, and vaccines under development. This review systematically summarized the application, preclinical studies, safety, mechanism of action, and latest research progress of PCSK9 inhibitors, aiming to provide ideas for the drug research and development and the clinical application of PCSK9 in cardiovascular diseases and expand its application in other diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11192972
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimized Extraction of Polysaccharides from Grateloupia livida (Harv.) Yamada and Biological Activities
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Molecules Vol. 20, No. 9 ( 2015-09-16), p. 16817-16832
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 9 ( 2015-09-16), p. 16817-16832
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916817
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Response of Soil Net Nitrogen Mineralization to a Litter in Three Subalpine Forests
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Forests Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2022-04-11), p. 597-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2022-04-11), p. 597-
    Abstract: Forest litter accumulation can regulate the soil microclimate and alter nutrient distribution, but the effects of litter quality and seasonal differences on soil nitrogen (N) mineralization are still uncertain. The effects of litter change on the rates of net N mineralization, nitrification, and ammonification were studied through in situ incubation experiments in coniferous, mixed, and broad-leaved forests in the eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Two litter treatments were established, one to allow the litter to enter the soil normally (remain litter) and the other to prevent the litter from entering the soil (remove litter). Soil samples were collected at the freezing (FS), thawing (TS), early growing (EGS), late growing (LGS), and early freezing (EFS) seasons during the 1.5-year incubation period. Compared to coniferous forests, the effects of litter removal on the net ammonification, nitrification, and N mineralization rates were more pronounced in broad-leaved forests, mainly during the growing and thawing seasons. Structural equation modeling indicated that microbial biomass N (MBN) was a common factor affecting the net ammonification, nitrification, and N mineralization rates in the three forest soils. The coniferous forest microbial biomass carbon (MBC), mixed forest soil moisture, broad-leaved forest soil N concentration, and C:N ratio were the unique influencing factors of the different forest types. The results showed that the effect of litter distribution on the soil net N mineralization mainly depended on forest type and season, suggesting that the litter composition and productivity in different seasons and forest types may alter the soil N cycling processes in subalpine forest ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f13040597
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    An Electric Vehicle Charging Method Considering Multiple Power Exchange Modes’ Coordination
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-07-04), p. 10520-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-07-04), p. 10520-
    Abstract: To achieve sustainable environmental development, numerous countries and governments have been vigorously promoting the proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) through a series of policy measures and economic subsidies. With the increasing number of EVs, multiple EV charging modes are being researched to satisfy owners’ requirements. In this paper, an EV charging method considering multiple power exchange modes’ coordination is proposed for meeting owners’ requirements with cost-effectiveness. In the proposed method, the battery swapping (BS) station, building-to-vehicle (B2V) station, and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) station are considered. In G2V stations, EVs charge from the power grid. In B2V stations, distributed renewable energy generation is considered as the energy provider. This study contemplates the use of photovoltaic power systems in B2V stations for the charging of EVs. In BS stations, the power exchange among batteries and the power grid is considered. The battery energy storage is utilized for reducing the battery degradation cost (BDC) and power cost. EVs are dispatched to the corresponding charging stations according to the electric price, BDC, and so on. In the dispatching process, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and Hungarian algorithm are applied. Several case studies are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the power matching between EVs and charging modes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151310520
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmland Soil by Biodegradable Chelating Agent GLDA
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2022-09-15), p. 9277-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2022-09-15), p. 9277-
    Abstract: Chemical leaching is one of the effective methods to remove heavy metals from soil. The effects of biodegradable chelating GLDA (N, N-bis(carboxymethyl)-l-glutamic acid tetrasodium salt) on contaminated farmland soil in four different places (collected from Shangba Village, Shaoguan city (SB); Huaqiao Village, Zhuzhou (HQ); Shaoguan Tielong (TL); and Liantang Village, Lechang (LT), respectively) were studied by the method of leaching. To explore the synergistic effect between GLDA and citric acid, the leaching conditions were also explored. The results showed that the leaching efficiency of heavy metal Pb in soil was improved by adjusting the GLDA solution to reach acidity by adding citric acid. The leaching efficiency of Pb after mixing GLDA and citric acid was higher than the sum of their respective leaching abilities. After leaching with 10 mmol/L of the GLDA solution with a pH of 10.86 for 120 min, the total Pb and the Pb available in the soil decreased significantly. It is known that citric acid has a significant effect on improving the leaching rate of GLDA on soil, and this method can also be applied to other heavy metals, such as Cd. This study provides a low-ecological-risk method for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12189277
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Feasibility Study to Reduce Infrasound Emissions from Existing Wind Turbine Blades Using a Biomimetic Technique
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Energies Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2021-08-11), p. 4923-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2021-08-11), p. 4923-
    Abstract: Infrasound, i.e., low-frequency noise in the frequency range of 10–200 Hz, produced by rotating wind turbine blades has become a matter of concern because it is harmful to human health. Today, with the rapid increase of wind turbine size, this kind of noise is more worrying than ever. Although much effort has been made to design quiet wind turbine blades, today there is still a lack of effective techniques to reduce infrasound emissions from existing blades. To fill this gap in technology, a biomimetic technique that can be readily applied to reduce infrasound emissions of existing wind turbine blades is studied in this paper using both numerical simulation and experimental testing approaches. The numerical study of the technique is based on the analysis of the sound field distribution near the blade, which is derived by performing both aerodynamic and acoustic simulations of the blade. The experimental study of the technique is based on laboratory tests of two scale models of the blade. Both numerical and experimental studies have shown that the shedding vortices behind the blade can be successfully suppressed by semi-cylindrical rings wrapped on the blade. Consequently, both infrasound and the overall sound pressure level of the noise produced by the blade are significantly reduced. Although the rings fail to show good performance in reducing high-frequency noise, it is not a problem for human health because high-frequency noise is weak and moreover it attenuates rapidly as distance increases. The research also showed that the proposed technique can, not only reduce the infrasound produced by the blade, but can also improve the power coefficient of wind turbines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en14164923
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural, Thermal and Pasting Properties of Heat-Treated Lotus Seed Starch–Protein Mixtures
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-20), p. 2933-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-20), p. 2933-
    Abstract: The interactions between starch and protein, the essential components of lotus seed, strongly influence the quality of lotus seed processing by-products. This study investigated the effects of lotus seed starch–protein (LS-LP) interactions on the structural, thermal and gelatinization properties of LS-LP mixtures, using LS/LP ratios of 6:1, 6:2, 6:3, 6:4, 6:5, or 1:1, after heat treatment (95 °C, 30 min). Fourier transform infrared peaks at 1540 cm−1 and 3000–3600 cm−1 revealed the major interactions (electrostatic and hydrogen bonding) between LS and LP. The UV–visible absorption intensities (200–240 nm) of LS-LP mixtures increased with increased protein content. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy revealed that LS-LP consists of crystalline starch granules encapsulated by protein aggregates. Increasing the addition of protein to the mixtures restricted the swelling of the starch granules, based on their solubility, swelling properties and thermal properties. Viscometric analysis indicated that the formation of LS-LP mixtures improved structural and storage stability. These findings provide a practicable way to control the thermal and gelatinization properties of lotus seed starch–protein mixtures, by changing the proportions of the two components, and provide a theoretical basis for developing novel and functional lotus-seed-based foods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11192933
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effect of Vacuum Deep Frying Technology and Raphanus sativus on the Quality of Surimi Cubes
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Foods Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-10-22), p. 2544-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-10-22), p. 2544-
    Abstract: This study uses a response surface methodology to optimize the vacuum deep frying process of surimi cubes. The effects of vacuum deep frying temperature, frying time, and thickness on the hardness and color difference of surimi cubes with Raphanus sativus were studied. Further, the manuscript explored the quality changes of surimi cubes under different frying processes (vacuum deep frying, atmospheric deep frying, and shallow frying). Moreover, the Chinese Min-Cantonese cuisine-Raphanus sativus was utilized as auxiliary raw material to change the hardness and reduce the oil content. The optimal parameters of response surface methodology determined were: vacuum deep frying temperature 130 °C, frying time 900 s, and thickness 0.75 cm. Additionally, under this process condition, the hardness of the surimi chunks was 2015 ± 48.17 g, and the color difference was 23.27 ± 1.86. Surimi cubes without Raphanus sativus have superior elasticity and low hardness, and surimi cubes with Raphanus sativus have little color difference and high chewability. After the vacuum deep frying process, there was a high protein content and superior crispness. Shallow frying and adding Raphanus sativus effectively reduced the product’s oil content. Therefore, Raphanus sativus is suitable as a potential nutritional supplement to broaden its application in fried surimi foods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods10112544
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ratiometric Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Highly Sensitive Determination of Mercury Ions
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 12 ( 2019-06-19), p. 2278-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 12 ( 2019-06-19), p. 2278-
    Abstract: In this study, a novel dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe (RFN) was synthesized and ultilized for highly sensitive determination of mercury ions. In this nanoprobe, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) doped silica (SiO2) served as a reference signal, FITC–SiO2 microspheres were synthesized and modified with amino groups, and then Au Nanoclusters (AuNCs) were combined with the amino groups on the surface of the FITC–SiO2 microspheres to obtain the RFN. The selectivity, stability, and pH of the RFN were then optimized, and the determination of mercury ions was performed under optimal conditions. The probe fluorescence intensity ratio (F520 nm/F680 nm) and Hg2+ concentration (1.0 × 10−10 mol/L to 1.0 × 10−8 mol/L) showed a good linear relationship, with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.98802 and a detection limit of 1.0 × 10−10 mol/L, respectively. The probe was used for the determination of trace mercury ion in water samples, and the recovery rate was 98.15~100.45%, suggesting a wide range of applications in monitoring pollutants, such as heavy metal ion and in the area of environmental protection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122278
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Temperature Modeling of AZ31B Alloy Plate during open-Roller Conveying Process Considering Air-Cooling Characteristics
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Crystals Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-02-27), p. 407-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-02-27), p. 407-
    Abstract: In the process of open-roller conveying, magnesium alloy plates easily produce temperature drops and uneven temperatures. Ignoring the heat dissipation caused by the contact between the plate and the roller table, the process can be described as a process of air cooling. The present study aimed to investigate the temperature distribution and evolution of a magnesium alloy plate during the process. The air-cooling process of the AZ31B magnesium alloy plate was investigated and analyzed in detail under different initial temperatures and plate thicknesses, with a specific focus on the temperature distribution along both the width and thickness directions. The results show that the temperature-difference curves between the end face and the center under different air-cooling conditions appeared to have four stages: rapid increase, slow increase, basic stable and slow decline. To facilitate the establishment of the temperature model, the whole air-cooling process was approximately divided into two independent one-dimensional heat-conduction processes in the thickness direction and the width direction. Subsequently, one-dimensional steady-state heat-conduction models were developed in various directions, based on the fundamental principles of heat transfer and assuming that the adjacent temperature-drop layer satisfied the quadratic function distribution. Through the superposition of cooling with time in two directions, the temperature evolution at different positions in the process of air cooling can be solved accurately.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst13030407
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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