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  • MDPI AG  (20)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in Zhejiang Province
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2018-03-24), p. 583-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2018-03-24), p. 583-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040583
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 2
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    Morphology-Controllable Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zirconia with the Assistance of a Rosin-Based Surfactant
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 9, No. 19 ( 2019-10-03), p. 4145-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 19 ( 2019-10-03), p. 4145-
    Abstract: With the assistance of a rosin-based surfactant, dehydroabietyltrimethyl ammonium bromine (DTAB), well-dispersed hollow cube-like zirconia particles were firstly synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment of ZrOCl2 aqueous solutions. The introduction of DTAB is crucial for improving the dispersion and regularity of the as-synthesized sample. After calcination, the crystal size of the calcined samples increased, and the edge angle of the cube-like particles became round accordingly. Finally, a hollow spherical morphology was formed for the sample calcined at 923 K. The as-synthesized sample showed big surface area of 146.78 m2/g and large pore volume of 0.23 cm3/g. With the increase of calcination temperature, the surface area and pore volume of the samples decreased significantly, and the pore size increased accordingly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app9194145
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 3
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    The Additional Medical Expenditure Caused by Depressive Symptoms among Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Chronic Lung Diseases in China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 13 ( 2022-06-26), p. 7849-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 13 ( 2022-06-26), p. 7849-
    Abstract: Depression is one of the most common comorbidities in patients with chronic lung diseases (CLDs). Depressive symptoms have an obvious influence on the health function, treatment, and management of CLD patients. In order to investigate the additional medical expenditure caused by depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly patients with CLDs in China, and to estimate urban–rural differences in additional medical expenditure, our study used data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) investigation. A total of 1834 middle-aged and elderly CLD patients were included in this study. A generalized linear regression model was used to analyze the additional medical expenditure on depressive symptoms in CLD patients. The results show that depressive symptoms were associated with an increase in medical costs in patients with CLDs. Nevertheless, the incremental medical costs differed between urban and rural patients. In urban and rural patients with more severe comorbid CLD and depressive symptoms (co-MCDs), the total additional medical costs reached 4704.00 Chinese Yuan (CNY) (USD 711.60) and CNY 2140.20 (USD 323.80), respectively. Likewise, for patients with lower severity co-MCDs, the total additional medical costs of urban patients were higher than those of rural patients (CNY 4908.10 vs. CNY 1169.90) (USD 742.50 vs. USD 176.90). Depressive symptoms were associated with increased medical utilization and expenditure among CLD patients, which varies between urban and rural areas. This study highlights the importance of mental health care for patients with CLDs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137849
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
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    Evolution and Pathogenicity of the H1 and H3 Subtypes of Swine Influenza Virus in Mice between 2016 and 2019 in China
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Viruses Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-03-09), p. 298-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-03-09), p. 298-
    Abstract: Pigs are considered a “mixing vessel” that can produce new influenza strains through genetic reassortments, which pose a threat to public health and cause economic losses worldwide. The timely surveillance of the epidemiology of the swine influenza virus is of importance for prophylactic action. In this study, 15 H1N1, one H1N2, and four H3N2 strains were isolated from a total of 4080 nasal swabs which were collected from 20 pig farms in three provinces in China between 2016 and 2019. All the isolates were clustered into four genotypes. A new genotype represented by the H1N2 strain was found, whose fragments came from the triple reassortant H1N2 lineage, classical swine influenza virus (cs-H1N1) lineage, and 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus lineage. A/Sw/HB/HG394/2018(H1N1), which was clustered into the cs-H1N1 lineage, showed a close relationship with the 1918 pandemic virus. Mutations determining the host range specificity were found in the hemagglutinin of all isolates, which indicated that all the isolates had the potential for interspecies transmission. To examine pathogenicity, eight isolates were inoculated into 6-week-old female BALB/c mice. The isolates replicated differently, producing different viral loadings in the mice; A/Swine/HB/HG394/2018(H1N1) replicated the most efficiently. This suggested that the cs-H1N1 reappeared, and more attention should be given to the new pandemic to pigs. These results indicated that new reassortments between the different strains occurred, which may increase potential risks to human health. Continuing surveillance is imperative to monitor swine influenza A virus evolution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v12030298
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Distribution and Evolution of Supraglacial Lakes in Greenland during the 2016–2018 Melt Seasons
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021-12-23), p. 55-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021-12-23), p. 55-
    Abstract: In recent decades, the melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has become one of the major causes of global sea-level rise. Supraglacial lakes (SGLs) are typical hydrological features produced on the surface of the GrIS during the melt seasons. The existence and evolution of SGLs play an important role in the melting process of the ice sheet surface. To understand the distribution and recent changes of SGLs in Greenland, this study developed a random forest (RF) algorithm incorporating the texture and morphological features to automatically identify SGLs based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Sentinel-2 imagery was used to map the SGLs inventory in Greenland during the 2016–2018 melt seasons and to explore the spatial and temporal variability characteristics of SGLs. Our results show changes in SGLs from 2016 to 2018, with the total area decreasing by ~1152.22 km2 and the number increasing by 1134; SGLs are mainly distributed in western Greenland (SW, CW, NW) and northeastern Greenland (NE), where the NE region has the largest number of observed SGLs and the largest SGL was with the surface area of 16.60 km2 (2016). SGLs were found to be most active in the area with the elevation of 800–1600 m and the slope of 0–5°, and showed a phenomenon of retreating to lower elevation areas and developing to steeper slope areas. Our work provided a method for rapid inventory of SGLs. This study will help monitor the mass balance of the GrIS and predict future rapid ice loss from Greenland.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14010055
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 6
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    Vibration Characteristics of a Dual-Rotor System with Non-Concentricity
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Machines Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2021-10-26), p. 251-
    Details
    In: Machines, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2021-10-26), p. 251-
    Abstract: A finite element model of an aero-engine dual-rotor system with intermediate bearing supported by six bearings is set up. Three modes of non-concentricity caused by the assembly process are defined, namely parallel non-concentricity, front deflection angle non-concentricity and rear deflection angle non-concentricity. The influence of the non-concentricity on the vibration characteristics of the dual-rotor system is investigated in detail. The results show that the parallel non-concentricity and the front deflection angle non-concentricity have a significant influence on the bending vibration modals of the high-pressure rotor and the low-pressure rotor, but have little influence on the local vibration modals of the rotors. With the increase in the magnitude of the non-concentricity, the natural frequencies of the bending modals decrease continuously, and the mode shapes of bending modals and that of local modals may be interchanged, leading to the emergence of bending modals in advance. Therefore, the key parameters to be controlled in the assembly process are the parallel non-concentricity and the front deflection angle non-concentricity. In order to prevent the bending modal of the dual-rotor system from appearing in advance, it is necessary to control the parallel non-concentricity within 2 mm and the front deflection angle non-concentricity amount within 0.18°.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1702
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/machines9110251
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704328-9
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  • 7
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    Derivatization of Natural Compound β-Pinene Enhances Its In Vitro Antifungal Activity against Plant Pathogens
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 17 ( 2019-08-29), p. 3144-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 17 ( 2019-08-29), p. 3144-
    Abstract: Background: The development of new antifungal agents has always been a hot research topic in pesticide development. In this study, a series of derivatives of natural compound β-pinene were prepared, and the antifungal activities of these derivatives were evaluated. The purpose of this work is to develop some novel molecules as promising new fungicides. Methods: Through a variety of chemical reactions, β-pinene was transformed into a series of β-pinene-based derivatives containing amide moieties and acylthiourea moieties. The antifungal activities of these derivatives against five plant pathogens including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Alternaria kikuchiana, Phomopsis sp. and Phytophthora capsici were tested; preliminary structure–activity relationship was discussed. Results: Some derivatives exhibited moderate or significant antifungal activity due to the fusion of the amide moiety or the acylthiourea moiety with the pinane skeleton. The structure–activity relationship analysis showed that the fluorine atom and the strong electron withdrawing nitro group, or trifluoromethyl group on the benzene ring of the derivatives had a significant effect on the improvement of the antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Alternaria kikuchiana and Phomopsis sp. Meanwhile, the introduction of an ethyl group at the meta-position on the benzene ring of the derivatives could improve the antifungal activity against Phytophthora capsici. Compounds 4e, 4h, 4q, 4r exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity against the tested strains. Compound 4o had significant antifungal activity against Phytophthora capsici (IC50 = 0.18 μmol/L). These derivatives were expected to be used as precursor molecules for novel pesticide development in further research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173144
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
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    Characterization of Proliferation Medium and Its Effect on Differentiation of Muscle Satellite Cells from Larimichthys crocea in Cultured Fish Meat Production
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Fishes Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2023-08-22), p. 429-
    Details
    In: Fishes, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2023-08-22), p. 429-
    Abstract: To find a suitable medium for muscle satellite cells of Larimichthys crocea, herein, the effect of different basal media and coating materials on the proliferation of piscine satellite cells (PSCs) was explored. Firstly, two basal media, namely F10 and DMEM/F12, were selected as experimental materials, and high-sugar DMEM was the main basal culture medium used with fish muscle cells as a control. The results showed that the PSCs proliferated better in F10 than in DMEM/F12 or DMEM. Secondly, the effects of rat tail collagen, polylysine and matrix coatings, as compared with no coating, on the proliferation and later differentiation of PSCs were also investigated. Our results indicated that there was no significant difference between coating and no coating on the proliferation of PSCs in the F10-based medium. Meanwhile, it was found that the myotubes were washed out, and only those under matrix-coated conditions remained intact in the process of differentiation. The results also suggested that PSCs could still differentiate into myotubes without their stemness being affected after proliferation in the F10-based medium. Hence, this study identified an efficient proliferation medium based on F10 basal medium that could shorten the culture time and maintain the stemness of PSCs, thus providing a basis for large-scale cell expansion and cell-culture-based meat production in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2410-3888
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fishes8090429
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2932929-2
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  • 9
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    Quality Characteristics of Noodles Processed from Rice Grains of the Ratoon Crop
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-04), p. 2739-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-04), p. 2739-
    Abstract: Rice noodles are usually manufactured using rice grains of the main crop. There is limited information available on rice noodles processed from ratoon rice grains. In this study, two-year field experiments were conducted to compare the cooking and texture properties of noodles and the grain chemical properties of ratoon crops with those of main crops from two rice cultivars (Guichao 2 and Zhenguiai) that are widely used for processing noodles. Results showed that the cooked break rate and the cooking loss rate of rice noodles processed from grains of the ratoon crop were similar to those of the main crop in both cultivars; however, changes in texture of cooked rice noodles processed from grains of the ratoon crop compared with the main crop were cultivar-dependent, being significantly softer in Zhenguiai but not in Guichao 2. Hardness and chewiness of cooked rice noodles were significantly negatively correlated with amylopectin content in milled rice grains in Zhenguiai, indicating that amylopectin content is a key chemical property determining the texture differences between rice noodles processed from grains of ratoon and main crops.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12112739
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 10
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    Quantitative Analysis of Camellia oleifera Seed Saponins and Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction and Separation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2023-02-24), p. 2132-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2023-02-24), p. 2132-
    Abstract: At present, the technology used for the extraction and purification of Camellia oleifera saponins generally has the problems of high cost and low purity, and the quantitative detection of Camellia oleifera saponins also has the problems of low sensitivity and easy interference from impurities. To solve these problems, this paper aimed to use liquid chromatography for the quantitative detection of Camellia oleifera saponins, and to adjust and optimize the related conditions. In our study, the average recovery of Camellia oleifera saponins obtained was 100.42%. The RSD of precision test was 0.41%. The RSD of the repeatability test was 0.22%. The detection limit of the liquid chromatography was 0.06 mg/L, and the quantification limit was 0.2 mg/L. In order to improve the yield and purity, the Camellia oleifera saponins were extracted from Camellia oleifera Abel. seed meal by methanol extraction. Then, the extracted Camellia oleifera saponins were extracted with an ammonium sulfate/propanol aqueous two-phase system. We optimized the purification process of formaldehyde extraction and aqueous two-phase extraction. Under the optimal purification process, the purity of Camellia oleifera saponins extracted by methanol was 36.15%, and the yield was 25.24%. The purity of Camellia oleifera saponins obtained by aqueous two-phase extraction was 83.72%. Thus, this study can provide a reference standard for rapid and efficient detection and analysis of Camellia oleifera saponins for industrial extraction and purification.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052132
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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