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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of the MADS-Box Gene CmFL3 in chrysanthemum
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-20), p. 1716-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-20), p. 1716-
    Abstract: Chrysanthemummorifolium is one of the four major cut flowers in the world, with high ornamental and economic value. Flowering time is an important ornamental characteristic of chrysanthemum that affects its value in the market. In Arabidopsis, the FRUITFULL (FUL) gene plays a key role in inducing flowering. Here, we isolated an FUL clade MADS-box gene, CmFL3, from chrysanthemum inflorescence buds. CmFL3 localized in the cellular membrane and nucleus, and showed no transcriptional activity in yeast. The qRT-PCR assay showed that CmFL3 was strongly expressed in the leaves, receptacles, and disc floret petals. Furthermore, CmFL3 was mainly detected in the inflorescence meristem and bract primordia using in situ hybridization. Similar to Arabidopsis, overexpression of CmFL3 in chrysanthemum induced early flowering. Particularly, the expression level of CmAFT was downregulated, whereas that of CmFTL3 was upregulated in the leaves of transgenic chrysanthemum lines. Meanwhile, the overexpression of CmFL3 in Arabidopsis also led to earlier flowering. Furthermore, the expression of AtFT, AtAP1, AtLFY, and AtFUL was significantly increased in CmFL3 transgenic Arabidopsis. The present study verified the function of CmFL3 in regulating flowering time and further revealed that it could affect the expression of other flowering-related genes—CmAFT and CmFTL3. Therefore, the CmFL3 gene may be an important candidate for genetic breeding aimed at regulating flowering.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12071716
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Crystal Structure of Human CD47 in Complex with Engineered SIRPα.D1(N80A)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 17 ( 2022-08-30), p. 5574-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 17 ( 2022-08-30), p. 5574-
    Abstract: Background: Targeting the CD47/SIRPα signaling pathway represents a novel approach to enhance anti-tumor immunity. However, the crystal structure of the CD47/SIRPα has not been fully studied. This study aims to analyze the structure interface of the complex of CD47 and IMM01, a novel recombinant SIRPα-Fc fusion protein. Methods: IMM01-Fab/CD47 complex was crystalized, and diffraction images were collected. The complex structure was determined by molecular replacement using the program PHASER with the CD47-SIRPαv2 structure (PDB code 2JJT) as a search model. The model was manually built using the COOT program and refined using TLS parameters in REFMAC from the CCP4 program suite. Results: Crystallization and structure determination analysis of the interface of IMM01/CD47 structure demonstrated CD47 surface buried by IMM01. Comparison with the literature structure (PDB ID 2JJT) showed that the interactions of IMM01/CD47 structure are the same. All the hydrogen bonds that appear in the literature structure are also present in the IMM01/CD47 structure. These common hydrogen bonds are stable under different crystal packing styles, suggesting that these hydrogen bonds are important for protein binding. In the structure of human CD47 in complex with human SIRPα, except SER66, the amino acids that form hydrogen bonds are all conserved. Furthermore, comparing with the structure of PDB ID 2JJT, the salt bridge interaction from IMM01/CD47 structure are very similar, except the salt bridge bond between LYS53 in IMM01 and GLU106 in CD47, which only occurs between the B and D chains. However, as the side chain conformation of LYS53 in chain A is slightly different, the salt bridge bond is absent between the A and C chains. At this site between chain A and chain C, there are a salt bridge bond between LYS53 (A) and GLU104 (C) and a salt bridge bond between HIS56 (A) and GLU106 (C) instead. According to the sequence alignment results of SIRPα, SIRPβ and SIRPγ in the literature of PDB ID 2JJT, except ASP100, the amino acids that form common salt bridge bonds are all conserved. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated crystal structure of the IMM01/CD47 complex and provides a structural basis for the structural binding interface and future clinical applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175574
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sulfur-Mediated-Alleviation of Aluminum-Toxicity in Citrus grandis Seedlings
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2017-12-03), p. 2570-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2017-12-03), p. 2570-
    Abstract: Limited data are available on the sulfur (S)-mediated-alleviation of aluminum (Al)-toxicity in higher plants. Citrus grandis seedlings were irrigated for 18 weeks with 0.5 mM MgSO4 or 0.5 mM MgSO4 + 0.5 mM Na2SO4, and 0 (−Al) or 1 mM AlCl3·6H2O (+Al, Al-toxicity). Under Al-toxicity, S decreased the level of Al in leaves; increased the relative water content (RWC) of roots and leaves, the contents of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) per plant, the dry weights (DW) of roots and shoots, the ratios of root DW/shoot DW, and the Al-induced secretion of citrate from root; and alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of photosynthesis via mitigating the Al-induced decrease of electron transport capacity resulting from the impaired photosynthetic electron transport chain. In addition to decreasing the Al-stimulated H2O2 production, the S-induced upregulation of both S metabolism-related enzymes and antioxidant enzymes also contributed to the S-mediated-alleviation of oxidative damage in Al-treated roots and leaves. Decreased transport of Al from roots to shoots and relatively little accumulation of Al in leaves, and increased leaf and root RWC and P, Ca, and Mg contents per plant might also play a role in the S-mediated-alleviation of Al-toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122570
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1-Phenyl-2-(phenylamino) Ethanone Derivatives as Novel MCR-1 Inhibitors
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 15 ( 2019-07-26), p. 2719-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 15 ( 2019-07-26), p. 2719-
    Abstract: Polymyxins are considered to be the last-line antibiotics that are used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria; however, the plasmid-mediated transferable colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) has rendered polymyxins ineffective. Therefore, the protein encoded by mcr-1, MCR-1, could be a target for structure-based design of inhibitors to tackle polymyxins resistance. Here, we identified racemic compound 3 as a potential MCR-1 inhibitor by virtual screening, and 26 compound 3 derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro. In the cell-based assay, compound 6g, 6h, 6i, 6n, 6p, 6q, and 6r displayed more potent activity than compound 3. Notably, 25 μΜ of compound 6p or 6q combined with 2 μg·mL-1 colistin could completely inhibit the growth of BL21(DE3) expressing mcr-1, which exhibited the most potent activity. In the enzymatic assay, we elucidate that 6p and 6q could target the MCR-1 to inhibit the activity of the protein. Additionally, a molecular docking study showed that 6p and 6q could interact with Glu246 and Thr285 via hydrogen bonds and occupy well the cavity of the MCR-1 protein. These results may provide a potential avenue to overcome colistin resistance, and provide some valuable information for further investigation on MCR-1 inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152719
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Growth, Mineral Nutrients, Photosynthesis and Related Physiological Parameters of Citrus in Response to Nitrogen Deficiency
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-09-16), p. 1859-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-09-16), p. 1859-
    Abstract: Limited data are available on the physiological responses of Citrus to nitrogen (N) deficiency. ‘Xuegan’ (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) and ‘Shantian pummelo’ (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) seedlings were fertilized with nutrient solution at a N concentration of 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 mM for 10 weeks. N deficiency decreased N uptake and N concentration in leaves, stems and roots and disturbed nutrient balance and homeostasis in plants, thus inhibiting plant growth, as well as reducing photosynthetic pigment levels and impairing thylakoid structure and photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) in leaves, hence lowering CO2 assimilation. The imbalance of nutrients intensified N deficiency’s adverse impacts on biomass, PETC, CO2 assimilation and biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments. Citrus displayed adaptive responses to N deficiency, including (a) elevating the distributions of N and other elements in roots, as well as root dry weight (DW)/shoot DW ratio and root-surface-per-unit volume and (b) improving photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE). In general, N deficiency had less impact on biomass and photosynthetic pigment levels in C. grandis than in C. sinensis seedlings, demonstrating that the tolerance of C. grandis seedlings to N deficiency was slightly higher than that of C. sinensis seedlings, which might be related to the higher PNUE of the former.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11091859
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Roles of Hormones in Elevated pH-Mediated Mitigation of Copper Toxicity in Citrus sinensis Revealed by Targeted Metabolome
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2023-05-29), p. 2144-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2023-05-29), p. 2144-
    Abstract: The effects of copper (Cu)–pH interactions on the levels of hormones and related metabolites (HRMs) in Citrus sinensis leaves and roots were investigated. Our findings indicated that increased pH mitigated Cu toxicity-induced alterations of HRMs, and Cu toxicity increased low-pH-induced alterations of HRMs. Increased pH-mediated decreases in ABA, jasmonates, gibberellins, and cytokinins, increases in (±)strigol and 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, and efficient maintenance of salicylates and auxins homeostasis in 300 μM Cu-treated roots (RCu300); as well as efficient maintenance of hormone homeostasis in 300 μM Cu-treated leaves (LCu300) might contribute to improved leaf and root growth. The upregulation of auxins (IAA), cytokinins, gibberellins, ABA, and salicylates in pH 3.0 + 300 μM Cu-treated leaves (P3CL) vs. pH 3.0 + 0.5 μM Cu-treated leaves (P3L) and pH 3.0 + 300 μM Cu-treated roots (P3CR) vs. pH 3.0 + 0.5 μM Cu-treated roots (P3R) might be an adaptive response to Cu toxicity, so as to cope with the increased need for reactive oxygen species and Cu detoxification in LCu300 and RCu300. Increased accumulation of stress-related hormones (jasmonates and ABA) in P3CL vs. P3L and P3CR vs. P3R might reduce photosynthesis and accumulation of dry matter, and trigger leaf and root senescence, thereby inhibiting their growth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12112144
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High pH Alleviated Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Copper Toxicity by Enhancing the Capacity to Maintain a Balance between Formation and Removal of Reactive Oxygen Species and Methylglyoxal in Leaves and Roots
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 22 ( 2022-11-11), p. 13896-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 22 ( 2022-11-11), p. 13896-
    Abstract: The contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) formation and removal in high-pH-mediated alleviation of plant copper (Cu)-toxicity remains to be elucidated. Seedlings of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) were treated with 0.5 (non-Cu-toxicity) or 300 (Cu-toxicity) μM CuCl2 × pH 4.8, 4.0, or 3.0 for 17 weeks. Thereafter, superoxide anion production rate; H2O2 production rate; the concentrations of MG, malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant metabolites (reduced glutathione, ascorbate, phytochelatins, metallothioneins, total non-protein thiols); and the activities of enzymes (antioxidant enzymes, glyoxalases, and sulfur metabolism-related enzymes) in leaves and roots were determined. High pH mitigated oxidative damage in Cu-toxic leaves and roots, thereby conferring sweet orange Cu tolerance. The alleviation of oxidative damage involved enhanced ability to maintain the balance between ROS and MG formation and removal through the downregulation of ROS and MG formation and the coordinated actions of ROS and MG detoxification systems. Low pH (pH 3.0) impaired the balance between ROS and MG formation and removal, thereby causing oxidative damage in Cu-toxic leaves and roots but not in non-Cu-toxic ones. Cu toxicity and low pH had obvious synergistic impacts on ROS and MG generation and removal in leaves and roots. Additionally, 21 (4) parameters in leaves were positively (negatively) related to the corresponding root parameters, implying that there were some similarities and differences in the responses of ROS and MG metabolisms to Cu–pH interactions between leaves and roots.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213896
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cytotoxic Nitrogenous Terpenoids from Two South China Sea Nudibranchs Phyllidiella pustulosa, Phyllidia coelestis, and Their Sponge-Prey Acanthella cavernosa
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2019-01-16), p. 56-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2019-01-16), p. 56-
    Abstract: A detailed chemical investigation of two South China Sea nudibranchs Phyllidiella pustulosa and Phyllidia coelestis, as well as their possible sponge-prey Acanthella cavernosa, led to the isolation of one new nitrogenous cadinane-type sesquiterpenoid xidaoisocyanate A (1), one new naturally occurring nitrogen-containing kalihinane-type diterpenoid bisformamidokalihinol A (16), along with 17 known nitrogenous terpenoids (2–15, 17–19). The structures of all the isolates were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis and by the comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. In addition, the absolute stereochemistry of the previously reported axiriabiline A (5) was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. In a bioassay, the bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids 8, 10, and 11 exhibited cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md17010056
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    TiO2-WO3 Loaded onto Wood Surface for Photocatalytic Degradation of Formaldehyde
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Forests Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-03-03), p. 503-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-03-03), p. 503-
    Abstract: In this work, a facile method was adopted to prepare TiO2-WO3 loaded onto a wood surface by a two-step hydrothermal method. The as-prepared wood composite material can be used as a photocatalyst under UV irradiation for the photodegradation of formaldehyde. Related tests showed that TiO2-WO3 nano-architectonic materials with spherical particles loaded onto the wood substratewere mainly caused by self-photodegradation of formaldehyde. The TiO2-WO3 nanostructured material firmly adheres to the wood substrate through electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Meanwhile, the appearance of the new chemical bond Ti-O-W indicates the successful loading of TiO2-WO3 onto the wood surface. The photodegradation rate was measured and it was confirmed that the highest photodegradation performance of the modified wood was achieved at a molar ratio of 5:1 of TiO2 to WO3. This work provides a new strategy for the preparing of novel photocatalysts based on wood substrate. Moreover, the wood loaded with TiO2-WO3 is a promising candidate for indoor formaldehyde treatment in practical applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f14030503
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Engineering Materials and Devices for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 and Infectious Diseases
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2023-08-30), p. 2455-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2023-08-30), p. 2455-
    Abstract: Following the global spread of COVID-19, scientists and engineers have adapted technologies and developed new tools to aid in the fight against COVID-19. This review discusses various approaches to engineering biomaterials, devices, and therapeutics, especially at micro and nano levels, for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, serving as a resource for scientists to identify specific tools that can be applicable for infectious-disease-related research, technology development, and treatment. From the design and production of equipment critical to first responders and patients using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to point-of-care devices for rapid diagnosis, these technologies and tools have been essential to address current global needs for the prevention and detection of diseases. Moreover, advancements in organ-on-a-chip platforms provide a valuable platform to not only study infections and disease development in humans but also allow for the screening of more effective therapeutics. In addition, vaccines, the repurposing of approved drugs, biomaterials, drug delivery, and cell therapy are promising approaches for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Following a comprehensive review of all these topics, we discuss unsolved problems and future directions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano13172455
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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