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  • 1
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    Idi1 and Hmgcs2 Are Affected by Stretch in HL-1 Atrial Myocytes
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2018-12-18), p. 4094-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2018-12-18), p. 4094-
    Abstract: Background: Lipid expression is increased in the atrial myocytes of mitral regurgitation (MR) patients. This study aimed to investigate key regulatory genes and mechanisms of atrial lipotoxic myopathy in MR. Methods: The HL-1 atrial myocytes were subjected to uniaxial cyclic stretching for eight hours. Fatty acid metabolism, lipoprotein signaling, and cholesterol metabolism were analyzed by PCR assay (168 genes). Results: The stretched myocytes had significantly larger cell size and higher lipid expression than non-stretched myocytes (all p 〈 0.001). Fatty acid metabolism, lipoprotein signaling, and cholesterol metabolism in the myocytes were analyzed by PCR assay (168 genes). In comparison with their counterparts in non-stretched myocytes, seven genes in stretched monocytes (Idi1, Olr1, Nr1h4, Fabp2, Prkag3, Slc27a5, Fabp6) revealed differential upregulation with an altered fold change 〉 1.5. Nine genes in stretched monocytes (Apoa4, Hmgcs2, Apol8, Srebf1, Acsm4, Fabp1, Acox2, Acsl6, Gk) revealed differential downregulation with an altered fold change 〈 0.67. Canonical pathway analysis, using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software, revealed that the only genes in the “superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis” were Idi1 (upregulated) and Hmgcs2 (downregulated). The fraction of stretched myocytes expressing Nile red was significantly decreased by RNA interference of Idi1 (p 〈 0.05) and was significantly decreased by plasmid transfection of Hmgcs2 (p = 0.004). Conclusions: The Idi1 and Hmgcs2 genes have regulatory roles in atrial lipotoxic myopathy associated with atrial enlargement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124094
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 2
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    Comprehensive Cohort Analysis of Mutational Spectrum in Early Onset Breast Cancer Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2020-07-28), p. 2089-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2020-07-28), p. 2089-
    Abstract: Early onset breast cancer (EOBC), diagnosed at age ~40 or younger, is associated with a poorer prognosis and higher mortality rate compared to breast cancer diagnosed at age 50 or older. EOBC poses a serious threat to public health and requires in-depth investigation. We studied a cohort comprising 90 Taiwanese female patients, aiming to unravel the underlying mechanisms of EOBC etiopathogenesis. Sequence data generated by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) from white blood cell (WBC)–tumor pairs were analyzed to identify somatic missense mutations, copy number variations (CNVs) and germline missense mutations. Similar to regular breast cancer, the key somatic mutation-susceptibility genes of EOBC include TP53 (40% prevalence), PIK3CA (37%), GATA3 (17%) and KMT2C (17%), which are frequently reported in breast cancer; however, the structural protein-coding genes MUC17 (19%), FLG (16%) and NEBL (11%) show a significantly higher prevalence in EOBC. Furthermore, the top 2 genes harboring EOBC germline mutations, MUC16 (19%) and KRT18 (19%), encode structural proteins. Compared to conventional breast cancer, an unexpectedly higher number of EOBC susceptibility genes encode structural proteins. We suspect that mutations in structural proteins may increase physical permeability to environmental hormones and carcinogens and cause breast cancer to occur at a young age.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082089
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 3
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    Associations with the In-Hospital Survival Following Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adult Acute Fulminant Myocarditis
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 7, No. 11 ( 2018-11-20), p. 452-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 11 ( 2018-11-20), p. 452-
    Abstract: Background: Acute fulminant myocarditis (AFM) is a serious disease that progresses rapidly, and leads to failing respiratory and circulatory systems. When medications fail to reverse the patient’s clinical course, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is considered the most effective, supportive and adjunct strategy. In this paper we analyzed our experience in managing AFM with ECMO support. Methods: During October 2003 and February 2017, a total of 35 patients (≥18 years) were enrolled in the study. Twenty patients survived, and another 15 patients expired. General demographics, the hemodynamic condition, timing of ECMO intervention, and laboratory data were compared for the survival and non-survival groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the associations with in-hospital mortality following ECMO use in this situation. Results: The survival rate was 57.1% during the in-hospital period. The average age, gender, severity of the hemodynamic condition, and cardiac rhythm were similar between the survival and non-survival groups. Higher serum lactic acid (initial and 24 h later), higher peak cardiac biomarkers, higher incidence of acute kidney injury and the need for hemodialysis were noted in the non-survival group. Higher 24-h lactic acid levels and higher peak troponin-I levels were associated with in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: When ECMO was used for AFM, related cardiogenic shock and decompensated heart failure, higher peak serum troponin-I levels and 24-h serum lactic acid levels following ECMO use were independently associated with in-hospital mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm7110452
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 4
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    The 1-Tosylpentan-3-one Protects against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2017-05-19), p. 1096-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2017-05-19), p. 1096-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051096
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 5
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    Fatigue Estimation Using Peak Features from PPG Signals
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Mathematics Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2023-08-18), p. 3580-
    Details
    In: Mathematics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2023-08-18), p. 3580-
    Abstract: Fatigue is a prevalent subjective sensation, affecting both office workers and a significant global population. In Taiwan alone, over 2.6 million individuals—around 30% of office workers—experience chronic fatigue. However, fatigue transcends workplaces, impacting people worldwide and potentially leading to health issues and accidents. Gaining insight into one’s fatigue status over time empowers effective management and risk reduction associated with other ailments. Utilizing photoplethysmography (PPG) signals brings advantages due to their easy acquisition and physiological insights. This study crafts a specialized preprocessing and peak detection methodology for PPG signals. A novel fatigue index stems from PPG signals, focusing on the dicrotic peak’s position. This index replaces subjective data from the brief fatigue index (BFI)-Taiwan questionnaire and heart rate variability (HRV) indices derived from PPG signals for assessing fatigue levels. Correlation analysis, involving sixteen healthy adults, highlights a robust correlation (R 〉 0.53) between the new fatigue index and specific BFI questions, gauging subjective fatigue over the last 24 h. Drawing from these insights, the study computes an average of the identified questions to formulate the evaluated fatigue score, utilizing the newfound fatigue index. The implementation of linear regression establishes a robust fatigue assessment system. The results reveal an impressive 91% correlation coefficient between projected fatigue levels and subjective fatigue experiences. This underscores the remarkable accuracy of the proposed fatigue prediction in evaluating subjective fatigue. This study further operationalized the proposed PPG processing, peak detection method, and fatigue index using C# in a computer environment alongside a PPG device, thereby offering real-time fatigue indices to users. Timely reminders are employed to prompt users to take notice when their index exceeds a predefined threshold, fostering greater attention to their physical well-being.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-7390
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/math11163580
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704244-3
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  • 6
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    Targeting EGFR and Monitoring Tumorigenesis of Human Lung Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo Using Nanodiamond-Conjugated Specific EGFR Antibody
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2022-12-28), p. 111-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2022-12-28), p. 111-
    Abstract: Nanoprobes provide advantages for real-time monitoring of tumor markers and tumorigenesis during cancer progression and development. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a key protein that plays crucial roles for tumorigenesis and cancer therapy of lung cancers. Here, we show a carbon-based nanoprobe, nanodiamond (ND), which can be applied for targeting EGFR and monitoring tumorigenesis of human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The optimal fluorescent intensities of ND particles were observed in the human lung cancer cells and nude mice under in vivo imaging system. The fluorescence signal of ND particles can be real-time detected in the xenografted human lung tumor formation of nude mice. Moreover, the ND-conjugated specific EGFR antibody cetuximab (Cet) can track the location and distribution of EGFR proteins of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ND-Cet treatment increased cellular uptake ability of nanocomposites in the EGFR-expressed cells but not in the EGFR-negative lung cancer cells. Interestingly, single ND-Cet complex can be directly observed on the protein G bead by immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. Besides, the EGFR proteins were transported to lysosomes for degradation. Together, this study demonstrates that ND-conjugated Cet can apply for targeting EGFR and monitoring tumorigenesis during lung cancer progression and therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010111
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
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    The Clinical Outcomes Based on the Achievement of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Targets after ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-12-28), p. 79-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-12-28), p. 79-
    Abstract: The clinical outcome of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), with or without achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets, has rarely been investigated. This study was performed to investigate the comparison of clinical outcome in STEMI patients with or without achievement LDL-C targets (below 70 mg/dL and/or ≥50% reduction). Between November 2013 and December 2016, 689 STEMI patients underwent primary PCI in our hospital. Patients who were deceased, lost to follow-up, had no follow-up lipid profile, or had no side effects after statin use were excluded. A total of 343 patients were classified into group 1 (with LDL-C target achievement) and 172 patients were classified into group 2 (without LDL-C target achievement). Between the two groups, a higher prevalence of left main coronary artery disease, smaller pre-PCI stenosis, and a larger pre-PCI minimal luminal diameter were noted in group 2. The incidence of post-MI angina (8.7% vs. 6.4%; p = 0.393), target vessel revascularization (2.3% vs. 3.5%; p = 0.566), and recurrent MI (1.5% vs. 1.2%; p = 1.000), showed similar results between the two groups during a one-year follow-up period. Initial LDL-C levels ≥130 mg/dL, left main coronary artery disease, and absence of diabetes mellitus were positively associated with non-achievement of LDL-C targets. After STEMI, 66.6% of patients could achieve LDL-C targets one year later. However, such patients did not show better clinical outcomes. Non-DM, initial LDL-C levels ≥130 mg/dL, and left main coronary artery disease were related to non-achievement of LDL-C targets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010079
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
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    Exploring Volatile Organic Compounds in Breath for High-Accuracy Prediction of Lung Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2021-03-21), p. 1431-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2021-03-21), p. 1431-
    Abstract: (1) Background: Lung cancer is silent in its early stages and fatal in its advanced stages. The current examinations for lung cancer are usually based on imaging. Conventional chest X-rays lack accuracy, and chest computed tomography (CT) is associated with radiation exposure and cost, limiting screening effectiveness. Breathomics, a noninvasive strategy, has recently been studied extensively. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from human breath can reflect metabolic changes caused by diseases and possibly serve as biomarkers of lung cancer. (2) Methods: The selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) technique was used to quantitatively analyze 116 VOCs in breath samples from 148 patients with histologically confirmed lung cancers and 168 healthy volunteers. We used eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), a machine learning method, to build a model for predicting lung cancer occurrence based on quantitative VOC measurements. (3) Results: The proposed prediction model achieved better performance than other previous approaches, with an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89, 0.82, 0.94, and 0.95, respectively. When we further adjusted the confounding effect of environmental VOCs on the relationship between participants’ exhaled VOCs and lung cancer occurrence, our model was improved to reach 0.92 accuracy, 0.96 sensitivity, 0.88 specificity, and 0.98 AUC. (4) Conclusion: A quantitative VOCs databank integrated with the application of an XGBoost classifier provides a persuasive platform for lung cancer prediction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061431
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
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    An All-Solid-State Electrochromic Device Based on WO3–Nb2O5 Composite Films Prepared by Fast-Alternating Bipolar-Pulsed Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Coatings Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-12-25), p. 9-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-12-25), p. 9-
    Abstract: In this study, WO3–Nb2O5 electrochromic films and an ITO/WO3–Nb2O5/Nb2O5/NiVOx/ITO all-solid-state electrochromic device were deposited using fast-alternating bipolar-pulsed magnetron sputtering using tungsten and niobium targets. The influence of different sputtering powers from the niobium target on the refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical modulation, coloration efficiency, reversibility, and durability of the WO3–Nb2O5 films is discussed. The aim of this work is to find the suitable Nb proportion to increase durability and less negative effect in the electrochromic performance of Nb2O5-doped WO3 films. The lifetime of the WO3–Nb2O5 films is 4 times longer than pure WO3 films when the sputtering power of the Nb target is higher than 250 W. The results show that WO3–Nb2O5 composite films used for an all-solid-state electrochromic device can sustain over 3 × 104 repeated coloring and bleaching cycles while the transmission modulations can be kept above 20%. The coloring and bleaching response times are 7.0 and 0.7 s, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings9010009
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 10
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    TIMP3 Gene Polymorphisms of -1296 T 〉 C and -915 A 〉 G Increase the Susceptibility to Arsenic-Induced Skin Cancer: A Cohort Study and In Silico Analysis of Mutation Impacts
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 23 ( 2022-11-29), p. 14980-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 23 ( 2022-11-29), p. 14980-
    Abstract: Long-term exposure to arsenic may induce several human cancers, including non-melanoma skin cancer. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3, encoded by the TIMP3 gene, may inhibit tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis of several cancer types. In this study, we aimed to investigate effects of the TIMP3 -1296 T 〉 C (rs9619311) and -915 A 〉 G (rs2234921) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on skin cancer risk in an arsenic-exposed population, and to evaluate the influence of allele-specific changes by an in silico analysis. In total, 1078 study participants were followed up for a median of 15 years for newly diagnosed skin cancer. New cases were identified through linkage to the National Cancer Registry of Taiwan. A Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of TIMP3 variants. Transcription factor (TF) profiling of binding sites of allele-specific changes in SNPs was conducted using the JASPAR scan tool. We observed borderline associations between TIMP3 genotypes and skin cancer risk. However, when combined with high arsenic exposure levels, the rs9619311 C allele, rs2234921 G allele, or C-G haplotype groups exhibited a greater risk of developing skin cancer compared to the respective common homozygous genotype group. The in silico analysis revealed several TF motifs located at or flanking the two SNP sites. We validated that the C allele of rs9619311 attenuated the binding affinity of BACH2, MEIS2, NFE2L2, and PBX2 to the TIMP3 promoter, and that the G allele of rs2234921 reduced the affinity of E2F8 and RUNX1 to bind to the promoter. Our findings suggest significant modifications of the effect of the association between arsenic exposure and skin cancer risk by the TIMP3 rs9619311 and rs2234921 variants. The predicted TFs and their differential binding affinities to the TIMP3 promoter provide insights into how TIMP3 interacts with arsenic through TFs in skin cancer formation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314980
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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