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  • MDPI AG  (624)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome-Wide Identification of MAPKK and MAPKKK Gene Family Members and Transcriptional Profiling Analysis during Bud Dormancy in Pear (Pyrus x bretschneideri)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 13 ( 2022-06-29), p. 1731-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 13 ( 2022-06-29), p. 1731-
    Abstract: The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade consisting of three types of reversibly major signal transduction module (MAPKKK, MAPKK, and MAPK) is distributed in eukaryotes. MAPK cascades participate in various aspects of plant development, including hormone responses, cell division and plant dormancy. Pear is one of the most economically important species worldwide, and its yield is directly affected by dormancy. In this study, genome-wide identification of MAPKK and MAPKKK gene family members in Pyrus x bretschneideri and transcriptional expression analysis of MAPK cascades during pear dormancy were performed. We identified 8 MAPKKs (PbrMKKs) and 100 MAPKKKs (PbrMAPKKKs) in Pyrus using recent genomic information. PbrMAPKKs were classified into four subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis, whereas PbrMAPKKKs were grouped into 3 subfamilies (MEKK, Raf, and ZIK). Most PbrMAPKKKs and PbrMAPKKs in the same subfamily had similar gene structures and conserved motifs. The genes were found on all 17 chromosomes. The comprehensive transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) results showed that numerous MAPK cascade genes participated in pear bud dormancy. The interaction network and co-expression analyses indicated the crucial roles of the MAPK member-mediated network in pear bud dormancy. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the intricate transcriptional control of MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK genes and provides useful information on the functions of dormancy in perennial fruit trees.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11131731
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 2
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    Anti-Influenza Virus Activity and Chemical Components from the Parasitic Plant Cuscuta japonica Choisy on Dimocarpus longans Lour.
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 25, No. 19 ( 2020-09-26), p. 4427-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 19 ( 2020-09-26), p. 4427-
    Abstract: Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) is a parasitic weed damaging many plants and agricultural production. The native obligate parasite Cuscuta japonica Choisy (Japanese dodder) parasitizes Dimocarpus longans Lour., Ficus septica Burm. F., Ficus microcarpa L.f., Mikania micrantha H.B.K. and Melia azedarach Linn, respectively. Five Japanese dodders growing on different plants exhibit slightly different metabolites and amounts which present different pharmacological effects. Among these plants, a significant antiviral activity against influenza A virus (IAV) was found in Japanese dodder parasitizing on D. longans Lour. (CL). To further explore methanol extract components in Japanese dodder (CL), four undescribed aromatic glycosides, cuscutasides A–D (compounds 1–4) were isolated, together with twenty-six known compounds 5–30. The chemical structures of 1–4 were elucidated using a combination of spectroscopic techniques. The eighteen isolated compounds were evaluated for antiviral activity against IAV activity. Among them, 1-monopalmitin (29) displayed potent activity against influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1)) with EC50 2.28 ± 0.04 μM and without noteworthy cytotoxicity in MDCK cells. The interrupt step of 29 on the IAV life cycle was determined. These data provide invaluable information for new applications for this otherwise harmful weed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194427
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
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    Inhibition of Amyloid Beta Aggregation and Deposition of Cistanche tubulosa Aqueous Extract
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2019-02-14), p. 687-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2019-02-14), p. 687-
    Abstract: Cistanche tubulosa aqueous extract (CTE) is already used as a botanical prescription drug for treating dementia in China. Our previous studies reported that phenylethanoid glycosides of CTE have anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) activity by inhibiting amyloid β peptide (Aβ) aggregation and deposition. However, recent studies considered that the phenylethanoid glycosides may be metabolized by intestinal bacteria, because all analysis results showed that the bioavailability of phenylethanoid glycosides is extremely low. In this study we demonstrate how iron chelation plays a crucial role in the Aβ aggregation and deposition inhibition mechanism of phenylethanoid glycosides of CTE. In addition, we further proved phenylethanoid glycosides (1–3) could reach brain. Active CTE component and action mechanism confirmation will be a great help for product quality control and bioavailability studies in the future. At the same time, we provide a new analysis method useful in determining phenylethanoid glycosides (1–3) in plants, foods, blood, and tissues for chemical fingerprint and pharmacokinetic research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040687
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
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    Sea-Level Estimation from GNSS-IR under Loose Constraints Based on Local Mean Decomposition
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 14 ( 2023-07-20), p. 6540-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 14 ( 2023-07-20), p. 6540-
    Abstract: The global navigation satellite system–interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) technique has emerged as an effective coastal sea-level monitoring solution. However, the accuracy and stability of GNSS-IR sea-level estimation based on quadratic fitting are limited by the retrieval range of reflector height (RH range) and satellite-elevation range, reducing the flexibility of this technology. This study introduces a new GNSS-IR sea-level estimation model that combines local mean decomposition (LMD) and Lomb–Scargle periodogram (LSP). LMD can decompose the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) arc into a series of signal components with different frequencies. The signal components containing information from the sea surface are selected to construct the oscillation term, and its frequency is extracted by LSP. To this end, observational data from SC02 sites in the United States are used to evaluate the accuracy level of the model. Then, the performance of LMD and the influence of noise on retrieval results are analyzed from two aspects: RH ranges and satellite-elevation ranges. Finally, the sea-level variation for one consecutive year is estimated to verify the stability of the model in long-term monitoring. The results show that the oscillation term obtained by LMD has a lower noise level than other signal separation methods, effectively improving the accuracy of retrieval results and avoiding abnormal values. Moreover, it still performs well under loose constraints (a wide RH range and a high-elevation range). In one consecutive year of retrieval results, the new model based on LMD has a significant improvement effect over quadratic fitting, and the root mean square error and mean absolute error of retrieval results obtained in each month on average are improved by 8.34% and 8.87%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23146540
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 5
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    Comparative Transcriptomic Studies on a Cadmium Hyperaccumulator Viola baoshanensis and Its Non-Tolerant Counterpart V. inconspicua
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 8 ( 2019-04-17), p. 1906-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 8 ( 2019-04-17), p. 1906-
    Abstract: Many Viola plants growing in mining areas exhibit high levels of cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation, and thus are ideal organisms for comparative studies on molecular mechanisms of Cd hyperaccumulation. However, transcriptomic studies of hyperaccumulative plants in Violaceae are rare. Viola baoshanensis is an amazing Cd hyperaccumulator in metalliferous areas of China, whereas its relative V. inconspicua is a non-tolerant accumulator that resides at non-metalliferous sites. Here, comparative studies by transcriptome sequencing were performed to investigate the key pathways that are potentially responsible for the differential levels of Cd tolerance between these two Viola species. A cascade of genes involved in the ubiquitin proteosome system (UPS) pathway were observed to have constitutively higher transcription levels and more activation in response to Cd exposure in V. baoshanensis, implying that the enhanced degradation of misfolded proteins may lead to high resistance against Cd in this hyperaccumulator. Many genes related to sucrose metabolism, especially those involved in callose and trehalose biosynthesis, are among the most differentially expressed genes between the two Viola species, suggesting a crucial role of sucrose metabolism not only in cell wall modification through carbon supply but also in the antioxidant system as signaling molecules or antioxidants. A comparison among transcriptional patterns of some known transporters revealed that several tonoplast transporters are up-regulated in V. baoshanensis under Cd stress, suggesting more efficient compartmentalization of Cd in the vacuoles. Taken together, our findings provide valuable insight into Cd hypertolerance in V. baoshanensis, and the corresponding molecular mechanisms will be useful for future genetic engineering in phytoremediation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081906
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    A CMOS-Compatible Poly-Si Nanowire Device with Hybrid Sensor/Memory Characteristics for System-on-Chip Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2012
    In:  Sensors Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2012-03-26), p. 3952-3963
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2012-03-26), p. 3952-3963
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s120403952
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 7
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    Bi-Directional Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analyzer System for Long Range Distributed Sensing
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Sensors Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2016-12-16), p. 2156-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2016-12-16), p. 2156-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s16122156
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 8
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    Cathepsin B Regulates Mice Granulosa Cells’ Apoptosis and Proliferation In Vitro
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 21 ( 2021-10-31), p. 11827-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 21 ( 2021-10-31), p. 11827-
    Abstract: Cathepsin B (CTSB), a lysosomal cysteine protease’s high expression and activity, has been reported to cause poor-quality embryos in porcine and bovine. Nevertheless, CTSB functions in mice granulosa cells remain to explore. To discuss the CTSB functional role in follicular dynamics, we studied apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and related signaling pathways in primary mouse granulosa cells transfected with small interference RNA specific to CTSB (siCTSB) for 48 h. Further, mRNA and protein expression of cell proliferation regulators (Myc and cyclin D2), apoptosis regulators (caspase 3, caspase 8, TNF-α, and Bcl2), steroidogenesis-related genes (FSHR and CYP11A1), and autophagy markers (LC3-I and ATG5) were investigated. In addition, the effect of CTSB on steroidogenesis and autophagy was also examined. Flow cytometry analysis assay displayed that silencing of CTSB decreased the early and total apoptosis rate by downregulating TNF-α, caspase 8, and caspase 3, and upregulating Bcl2. By regulating Myc and cyclin D2 expression and activating the p-Akt and p-ERK pathways, CTSB knockdown increased GC proliferation and number. A significant decline in estradiol and progesterone concentrations was observed parallel to a significant decrease in autophagy-related markers LC3-I and ATG5 compared to the control group. Herein, we demonstrated that CTSB serves as a proapoptotic agent and plays a critical role in folliculogenesis in female mice by mediating apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, and steroidogenesis. Hence, CTSB could be a potential prognostic agent for female infertility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111827
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Crassolide Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy in Human Lung Cancer Cells via ROS-Mediated ER Stress Pathways
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 10 ( 2022-05-17), p. 5624-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 10 ( 2022-05-17), p. 5624-
    Abstract: Crassolide, a cembranoid diterpene extracted from the soft coral Lobophytum crissum, has been proven to possess antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, we assessed the anticancer effects of crassolide on human H460 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We found that crassolide exerted cytotoxic effects on H460 cancer cells in vitro, inducing G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. In addition, in H460 cells exposed to crassolide, the expression of the autophagy-related proteins LC3-II and beclin was increased, while the expression of p62 was decreased. Moreover, inhibiting autophagy with chloroquine (CQ) suppressed the crassolide-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis of H460 cells. Moreover, we also found that crassolide induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in lung cancer cells by increasing the expression of ER stress marker proteins and that the crassolide-induced G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy were markedly attenuated by the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA). Furthermore, we found that crassolide promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by H460 cells and that the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) decreased the crassolide-induced ER stress, G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. In conclusion, our findings show that crassolide inhibits NSCLC cell malignant biological behaviors for the first time, suggesting that this effect may be mechanistically achieved by inducing G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy through ROS accumulation, which activates the ER stress pathway. As a result of our findings, we now have a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the anticancer effect of crassolide, and we believe crassolide might be a candidate for targeted cancer therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105624
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Local Corrosion Behaviors in the Coarse-Grained Heat-Affected Zone in a Newly Developed Zr–Ti–Al–RE Deoxidized High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Materials Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2023-01-16), p. 876-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2023-01-16), p. 876-
    Abstract: Oxide metallurgy technology can improve the microstructure of a coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) but introduces extra inclusions. Local corrosion behavior of the CGHAZ of a Zr–Ti–Al–RE deoxidized steel was investigated in this work using theoretical calculations and experimental verification. The modified inclusions have a (Zr–Mg–Al–Ca–RE)Ox core claded by a CaS and TiN shell. CaS dissolves first, followed by the oxide core, leaving TiN parts. This confirms that the addition of rare earth can reduce lattice distortion and prevent a galvanic couple between the inclusions and the matrix, while the chemical dissolution of CaS causes localized acidification, resulting in the pitting corrosion initiation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma16020876
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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