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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment the Visual Clarity of the Projector in Classroom and Innovative Asymmetric Distribution LED Tube Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2021-11-24), p. 11153-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2021-11-24), p. 11153-
    Abstract: The paper aims to explore the relationship between the vertical plane luminance on projection screens and human visual clarity in the classroom or meeting room. While controlling the lighting environment conditions of the classroom to create different luminous distributions and luminance on the projection screen, a survey is conducted to understand students’ visual experience about screen clarity during the field experiment. The luminance of each picture on the projection screen is measured under the specified lighting conditions of luminaires in the classroom, and the relationship is formulated between the average luminance on the projection screen and the visual satisfaction based on clarity of experience. This will be useful for further studying the acceptable threshold of luminance distribution in the classroom to provide a better visual clarity and lighting quality of projection screens while teaching. In this study, the measurement and performance evaluation on a projection screen were carried out at a classroom in the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST). By using an image luminance meter and analyzing the research results, we propose an improvement strategy for asymmetric luminous distribution design of LED light tube and light switch control mechanism of luminaires to resolve the inadequate luminance of the vertical projection screen area to improve the lighting quality and visual clarity of the projection screen while teaching with the least cost.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app112311153
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of a Chemical Cocktail That Rescues Mouse Brain Demyelination in a Cuprizone-Induced Model
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2022-03-24), p. 1091-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2022-03-24), p. 1091-
    Abstract: Oligodendrocytes are glial cells located in the central nervous system (CNS) that play essential roles in the transmission of nerve signals and in the neuroprotection of myelinated neurons. The dysfunction or loss of oligodendrocytes leads to demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). To treat demyelinating diseases, the development of a therapy that promotes remyelination is required. In the present study, we established an in vitro method to convert human fibroblasts into induced oligodendrocyte-like cells (iOLCs) in 3 days. The induced cells displayed morphologies and molecular signatures similar to oligodendrocytes after treatment with valproic acid and exposure to the small molecules Y27632, SU9516, and forskolin (FSK). To pursue the development of a cell-free remyelination therapy in vivo, we used a cuprizone-induced demyelinated mouse model. The small molecules (Y27632, SU9516, and FSK) were directly injected into the demyelinated corpus callosum of the mouse brain. This combination of small molecules rescued the demyelination phenotype within two weeks as observed by light and electron microscopy. These results provide a foundation for exploring the development of a treatment for demyelinating diseases via regenerative medicine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11071091
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Efficient Approach to Solve Big Data Systems Using Parallel Gauss–Seidel Algorithms
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Big Data and Cognitive Computing Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2022-04-19), p. 43-
    Details
    In: Big Data and Cognitive Computing, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2022-04-19), p. 43-
    Abstract: In order to perform big-data analytics, regression involving large matrices is often necessary. In particular, large scale regression problems are encountered when one wishes to extract semantic patterns for knowledge discovery and data mining. When a large matrix can be processed in its factorized form, advantages arise in terms of computation, implementation, and data-compression. In this work, we propose two new parallel iterative algorithms as extensions of the Gauss–Seidel algorithm (GSA) to solve regression problems involving many variables. The convergence study in terms of error-bounds of the proposed iterative algorithms is also performed, and the required computation resources, namely time- and memory-complexities, are evaluated to benchmark the efficiency of the proposed new algorithms. Finally, the numerical results from both Monte Carlo simulations and real-world datasets are presented to demonstrate the striking effectiveness of our proposed new methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2504-2289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bdcc6020043
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2895385-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
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    The Antibacterial Efficacy and Mechanism of Plasma-Activated Water Against Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 13076) on Shell Eggs
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Foods Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-10-19), p. 1491-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-10-19), p. 1491-
    Abstract: Eggs are one of the most commonly consumed food items. Currently, chlorine washing is the most common method used to sanitize shell eggs. However, chlorine could react with organic matters to form a potential carcinogen, trihalomethanes, which can have a negative impact on human health. Plasma-activated water (PAW) has been demonstrated to inactivate microorganisms effectively without compromising the sensory qualities of shell eggs. For this study, various amounts (250, 500, 750, or 1000 mL) of PAW were generated by using one or two plasma jet(s) at 60 watts for 20 min with an air flow rate at 6 or 10 standard liters per minute (slm). After being inoculated with 7.0 log CFU Salmonella Enteritidis, one shell egg was placed into PAW for 30, 60, or 90 s with 1 or 2 acting plasma jet(s). When 2 plasma jets were used in a large amount of water (1000 mL), populations of S. Enteritidis were reduced from 7.92 log CFU/egg to 2.84 CFU/egg after 60 s of treatment. In addition, concentrations of ozone, hydrogen peroxide, nitrate, and nitrite in the PAW were correlated with the levels of antibacterial efficacy. The highest concentrations of ozone (1.22 ppm) and nitrate (55.5 ppm) were obtained with a larger water amount and lower air flow rate. High oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and low pH values were obtained with longer activation time, more plasma jet, and a lower air flow rate. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated in the PAW. The observation under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that bacterial cells were swollen, or even erupted after treatment with PAW. These results indicate that the bacterial cells lost control of cell permeability after the PAW treatment. This study shows that PAW is effective against S. Enteritidis on shell eggs in a large amount of water. Ozone, nitrate, and ROS could be the main causes for the inactivation of bacterial cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods9101491
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Optimization of Plasma-Activated Water Treatments to Inactivate Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 13076) on Shell Eggs
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Foods Vol. 8, No. 10 ( 2019-10-21), p. 520-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 10 ( 2019-10-21), p. 520-
    Abstract: Egg is a regularly consumed food item. Currently, chlorinated water washing is the most common practice used to disinfect eggs, but this process has a negative environmental impact. A new physical technique, plasma-activated water (PAW), has been demonstrated to possess effective antibacterial activities without long-term chemical residue. In this study, air PAW was used to inactivate Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis on shell eggs. Different combinations of activation parameters, including water sources (reverse osmotic (RO) water, tap water), power (40 W, 50 W, 60 W) and activation time (10 min, 20 min, 30 min), were evaluated. The oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and pH values of each combination were measured, and their antibacterial activity was tested in a bacterial suspension. Higher antibacterial activities, higher ORP values, and lower pH values were obtained with higher power, longer activation time, and lower water hardness. The antibacterial activities of PAW decreased rapidly by increasing the storage time both at room and refrigeration temperatures. Afterwards, RO water was pre-activated for 20 min at 60 W, and then the eggs inoculated with S. enteritidis were placed into PAW for 30 s, 60 s, 90 s, or 120 s with a plasma on-site treatment in the water. More than a 4 log reduction was obtained with 60-s and 120-s treatments. The results showed that the freshness indexes of the eggs treated with PAW were similar to those of the untreated controls and better than those of the eggs treated with commercial processes. In addition, observation under a scanning electron microscope also showed less surface damage of the cuticle on the PAW-treated eggs than on the commercially treated eggs. The results of this study indicate that PAW could be an effective antibacterial agent with less damage to the freshness of shell eggs than commercial methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods8100520
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Self-Reported Beneficial Effects of Chinese Calligraphy Handwriting Training for Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Exploratory Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2023-01-06), p. 1031-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2023-01-06), p. 1031-
    Abstract: Background: Dementia is a common disease in aging populations. The treatment has mainly focused on memory decline prevention and behavior control. Nonpharmacological treatments, such as cognition training, physical exercise, and music therapy have been effective in slowing memory decline. Chinese calligraphy handwriting (CCH) through breath regulation and fine hand control involves high concentration levels, emotion regulation, and self-awareness. CCH is a mind and body activity that is culturally relevant to older Chinese adults. This study evaluated the beneficial effects of CCH on mild cognitive impairment. Methods: In 2018, we conducted 8 weeks of CCH training at the Tri-Service General Hospital. The participants were asked to copy a regular script. At the end of the course, they gave oral presentations and showed their work. Self-report questionnaires on emotion, memory, upper limb coordination, attention, and language were collected before and after training. Results: The five questionnaires showed significantly positive feelings after CCH training. The conditions of emotional stability, concentration, hand movement, memory, and speech improved. Conclusions: CCH training stimulated the brain and improved cognition, psychological symptoms, and hand stability. It is inexpensive and worthwhile for elderly Chinese individuals with mild cognitive impairment to take time daily to practice calligraphy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021031
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Short-Term Exposure Effect of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter, Ozone and Cold Temperature on Emergency Room Visits for Asthma Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Toxics Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-01-19), p. 94-
    Details
    In: Toxics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-01-19), p. 94-
    Abstract: (1) Background: The acute effects of ozone, cold temperature and particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in size related to asthma attacks are well known worldwide. The adverse effects of ozone and cold temperature on asthma morbidity in Taiwan are still inconclusive. (2) Methods: This retrospective study included patients who had asthma emergency room visits (ERVs) from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019 in a regional hospital in Taiwan. The short-term negative effects were estimated using Distributed Lag Non-Linear Models (DLNMs) for the relative risks (RRs) of asthma ERVs associated with PM2.5, ozone and cold temperature exposures within 5 days. (3) Results: There was a significant association between a 10 ppm increase in PM2.5 exposure and asthma ERVs at a 2-day lag (RR 1.166, 95% confidence interval (C.I.): 1.051–1.294). There was a significant association between ozone and asthma ERVs at a 1-day lag (RR 1.179, 95% C.I.: 1.034–1.345). The ambient temperature in cold weather compared with the temperature of minimum asthma ERV showed an RR of 1.214, 95% C.I.: 1.009–1.252 at a 1-day lag. (4) Conclusions: This study provides evidence that short-term exposure to fine suspended particulates, ozone and inverse temperature is associated with asthma exacerbation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2305-6304
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020094
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2733883-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Underestimated Ischemic Heart Disease in Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events after Septicemia Discharge
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Medicina Vol. 58, No. 6 ( 2022-05-31), p. 753-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 58, No. 6 ( 2022-05-31), p. 753-
    Abstract: Background and Objectives: Sepsis increases cardiovascular disease and causes death. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) without acute myocardial infarction has been discussed less, and the relationship between risk factors and IHD in septicemia survivors within six months is worthy of in-depth study. Our study demonstrated the incidence of IHD and the possible risk factors for IHD in septicemia patients within six months. Materials and Methods: An inpatient dataset of the Taiwanese Longitudinal Health Insurance Database between 2001 and 2003 was used. The events were defined as rehospitalization of stroke and IHD after discharge or death within six months after the first septicemia hospitalization. The relative factors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and IHD were identified by multivariate Cox proportional regression. Results: There were 4323 septicemia survivors and 404 (9.3%) IHD. New-onset atrial fibrillation had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.705 (95% confidence interval (C.I.): 1.156–2.516) for MACEs and carried a 184% risk with HR 2.836 (95% C.I.: 1.725–4.665) for IHD by adjusted area and other risk factors. Conclusions: This study explored advanced-aged patients who experienced more severe septicemia with new-onset atrial fibrillation, which increases the incidence of IHD in MACEs within six months of septicemia. Therefore, healthcare providers must identify patients with a higher IHD risk and modify risk factors beforehand.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060753
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cytotoxic Phenylpropanoids and a New Triterpene, Turformosinic Acid, from Turpinia formosana Nakai
    MDPI AG ; 2012
    In:  Molecules Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2012-02-14), p. 1837-1851
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2012-02-14), p. 1837-1851
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules17021837
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 10
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    Inactivation of APC Induces CD34 Upregulation to Promote Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cell Traits in Pancreatic Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 12 ( 2020-06-23), p. 4473-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 12 ( 2020-06-23), p. 4473-
    Abstract: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal malignancy due to the cancer routinely being diagnosed late and having a limited response to chemotherapy. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common form of pancreatic malignant tumor, representing more than 85% of all pancreatic cancers. In the present study, we characterized the phenotypes of concomitant P53 and APC mutations in pancreatic neoplasms driven by the oncogene KRAS in genetically modified mice (GEMM). In this GEMM setting, APC haploinsufficiency coupled with P53 deletion and KRASG12D activation resulted in an earlier appearance of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions and progressed rapidly to highly invasive and metastatic PDAC. Through a microarray analysis of murine PDAC cells derived from our APC-deficient PDAC model, we observed that APC loss leads to upregulated CD34 expression in PDAC. CD34 is a member of a family of single-pass transmembrane proteins and is selectively expressed in hematopoietic progenitor cells, vascular endothelial cells, interstitial precursor cells, and various interstitial tumor cells. However, the functional roles of CD34 in pancreatic cancer remain unclear. Thus, in this study, we explored the mechanisms regarding how CD34 promotes the deterioration of pancreatic malignancy. Our results demonstrated that the increased expression of CD34 induced by APC inactivation promotes the invasion and migration of PDAC cells, which may relate to PDAC metastasis in vivo. Collectively, our study provides first-line evidence to delineate the association between CD34 and the APC/Wnt pathway in PDAC, and reveals the potential roles of CD34 in PDAC progression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124473
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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