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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cloud Occlusion Probability Calculation Jointly Using Himawari-8 and CloudSat Satellite Data
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2022-10-25), p. 1754-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2022-10-25), p. 1754-
    Abstract: Cloud occlusion is an important factor affecting flight safety and scientific observation. The calculation of Cloud Occlusion Probability (COP) is significant for the planning of the flight time and route of aircraft. Based on Himawari-8 and CloudSat satellite data, we propose a method to calculate the COP. The COP statistics were carried out on different distances in 12 directions 6 km above Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA), at different heights and directions in the Haiyang aerostat production base, and at different times and seasons in Mount Qomolangma. It was found that the COP going in the southern direction from BCIA was greater than that in the northern direction by 0.67–3.12%, which is consistent with the climate conditions of Beijing. In Haiyang, the COP for several seasons in the direction of land was higher than in the direction of the ocean. The maximum COP for the 6 km altitude is 29.63% (summer) and the minimum COP is 7.59% (winter). The aerostat flight test can be conducted in the morning of winter and the direction of the ocean. The best scientific observation time for Mount Qomolangma is between 02:00 and 05:00 UTC in spring. With the increase in altitude, the COP gradually decreases. The research in this paper provides essential support for flight planning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos13111754
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Heuristic Emergency Path Planning Method Based on Vector Grid Map
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2021-05-31), p. 370-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2021-05-31), p. 370-
    Abstract: Emergency path planning technology is one of the research hotspots of intelligent transportation systems. Due to the complexity of urban road networks and congested road conditions, emergency path planning is very difficult. Road congestion caused by urban emergencies directly affects the original road network structure. In this way, the static weight of the original road network is no longer suitable as the basis for path recommendation. To handle the dynamic situational road network, an equidistant grid emergency path planning framework will be designed. A novel situation grid road network model, based on situation information, is proposed and applied to an equidistant grid emergency path planning framework. A situational grid heuristic search will be proposed methodology based on this model, which can be used to detect the vehicles passing around the congestion area grid and the road to the destination in the shortest time. In the path planning methodology, a grid inspired search strategy based on quaternion function is included, which can make the algorithm converge to the target grid quickly. Three graph acceleration algorithms are proposed to improve the search efficiency of path planning algorithm. Finally, this paper will set up three experiments to verify our proposed method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi10060370
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    LiV3O8/Polytriphenylamine Composites with Enhanced Electrochemical Performances as Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Materials Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2017-03-26), p. 344-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2017-03-26), p. 344-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma10040344
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Trends in Cardiovascular Diseases and Respiratory Diseases Mortality in Urban and Rural China, 1990–2015
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2017-11-15), p. 1391-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2017-11-15), p. 1391-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111391
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study on Effects of Electron Donors on Phosphine Production from Anaerobic Activated Sludge
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Water Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2017-07-30), p. 563-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2017-07-30), p. 563-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w9080563
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Does Spring Phenology Respond to Climate Change in Ecologically Fragile Grassland? A Case Study from the Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 22 ( 2021-11-19), p. 12781-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 22 ( 2021-11-19), p. 12781-
    Abstract: Vegetation phenology is an important indicator of global climate change, and the response of grassland phenology to climate change is particularly sensitive in ecologically fragile areas. To enhance the ecological security of the Tibetan Plateau, it is crucial to determine the relationship between fluctuations in the start of the growing season (SOS) and the response to environmental factors. We investigated the trends of the intra-annual (ten-day) and interannual spatiotemporal dynamics of the SOS on the Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (NQTP) from 2000–2020 with MOD09GA data. We identified the response relationships with environmental factors (climate, terrain) using the maximum value composite method and the Savitzky–Golay filtering and dynamic threshold method. The SOS was concentrated from the 110th to 150th days; the average annual SOS was on the 128th day, with a spatial pattern of “early in the east and late in the west”. The overall trend of the SOS was advanced (45.48%); the regions with the advanced trend were mainly distributed in the eastern part of the NQTP. The regions with a delayed SOS were mainly concentrated in the higher-altitude regions in the southwest (38.31%). The temperature, precipitation and SOS exhibited a reverse fluctuation trend around the midpoint of 2010. Precipitation affected the SOS earlier than temperature. When temperature became a limitation of the SOS, precipitation had a more significant regulatory effect on the SOS. The SOS and aspect, slope and altitude were distributed in axisymmetric, pyramidal and inverted pyramidal shapes, respectively. The SOS on shaded slopes was earlier and more intensive than that on sunny slopes. With increasing slope, the area of the SOS decreased, and it occurred later. The SOS area was largest at 4500–5000 m and decreased at lower and higher altitude intervals. The SOS occurred later as altitude increased.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su132212781
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Low-Carbon Supply Chain Operation Decisions and Coordination Strategies Considering the Consumers’ Preferences
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 14 ( 2023-07-15), p. 11078-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 14 ( 2023-07-15), p. 11078-
    Abstract: Implementing the low-carbon transformation strategy has become an inevitable choice for manufacturing enterprises. However, suppliers often overlook the impact of consumers’ preferences for low-carbon products (LCPs) on their own low-carbon strategies. Based on this idea, this study uses game theory models to analyze how consumer preferences affect suppliers’ decision-making and coordination strategies in low-carbon supply chains (LCSCs). Results show that (1) manufacturers and retailers are more likely to produce and promote LCPs as consumers become more sensitive to carbon emission reduction (CER); (2) manufacturers are less likely to produce LCPs but retailers are more likely to promote them as consumers become more sensitive to promotional rates; and (3) manufacturers are less likely to produce LCPs but retailers are more likely to promote them as consumers become more sensitive to retail prices. This study concludes that consumer preferences play a crucial role in determining suppliers’ decisions and coordination strategies in LCSCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151411078
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nonlinear Behavior of Electrostatically Actuated Microbeams with Coupled Longitudinal–Transversal Vibration
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2019-05-10), p. 315-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2019-05-10), p. 315-
    Abstract: Microelectromechanical switch has become an essential component in a wide variety of applications, ranging from biomechanics and aerospace engineering to consumer electronics. Electrostatically actuated microbeams and microplates are chief parts of many MEMS instruments. In this study, the nonlinear characteristics of coupled longitudinal–transversal vibration are analyzed, while an electrostatically actuated microbeam is designed considering that the frequency ratio is two to one between the first longitudinal vibration and transversal vibration. The nonlinear governing equations are truncated into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations by the Galerkin method. Then the equations are solved using the multiple-scales method and the nonlinear dynamics of the internal resonance is investigated. The influence of bias voltage, longitudinal excitation and frequency detuning parameters are mainly analyzed. Results show that using the pseudo-arclength continuation method, the nonlinear amplitude–response curves can be plotted continuously. The saturation and jump phenomena are greatly affected by the bias voltage and the detuning frequency. Beyond the critical excitation amplitude, the response energy will transfer from the longitudinal motion to the transversal motion, even the excitation is employed on the longitudinal direction. The large-amplitude jump of the low-order vibration mode can be used to detect the variation of the conditions or parameters, which shows great potential in improving precision of MEMS switches.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi10050315
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How to Mine Information from Each Instance to Extract an Abbreviated and Credible Logical Rule
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  Entropy Vol. 16, No. 10 ( 2014-10-09), p. 5242-5262
    Details
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 10 ( 2014-10-09), p. 5242-5262
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/e16105242
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Interval Pythagorean Fuzzy Multi-criteria Decision Making Method Based on Similarity Measures and Connection Numbers
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Information Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2019-02-25), p. 80-
    Details
    In: Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2019-02-25), p. 80-
    Abstract: Interval Pythagorean fuzzy set (IPFS), which can handle imprecise and ambiguous information, has attracted considerable attention in both theory and practice. However, one of the main difficulties under IPFSs is the comparison between interval numbers. To overcome this shortcoming, connection number theory is first introduced, and interval numbers are transformed into connection numbers in the operating process. Considering that similarity measures play an important role in assessing the degree between ideal and proposal alternatives in the decision making process, this paper aims to develop new similarity measures with IPFSs and apply them to multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problems. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) introduction of a comparison method through transforming interval numbers into connection numbers; (2) development of three new similarity measures with IPFSs based on the minimum and maximum operators, and investigation of their properties; (3) calculation of the similarity measures considering weights of membership and non-membership degrees; (4) establishment of an interval Pythagorean fuzzy decision making method applying the presented similarity measures. A case study on selecting a project delivery system is made to show the applicability of the proposed approach.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2078-2489
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/info10020080
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2599790-7
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