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  • MDPI AG  (7)
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  • MDPI AG  (7)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Multiorder Attentional Spatial Interactive Convolutional Neural Network (MoAS-CNN) for Low-Resolution Haptic Recognition
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 24 ( 2022-12-12), p. 12715-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 24 ( 2022-12-12), p. 12715-
    Abstract: In haptic recognition, pressure information is usually represented as an image, and then used for feature extraction and classification. Deep learning that processes haptic information in end-to-end manner has attracted attention. This study proposes a multiorder attentional spatial interactive convolutional neural network (MoAS-CNN) for haptic recognition. The asymmetric dual-stream all convolutional neural network with integrated channel attention module is applied for automatic first-order feature extraction. Later on, the spatial interactive features based on the overall feature map are computed to improve the second-order description capability. Finally, the multiorder features are summed to improve the feature utilization efficiency. To validate the MoAS-CNN, we construct a haptic acquisition platform based on three-scale pressure arrays and collect haptic letter-shape (A–Z) datasets with complex contours. The recognition accuracies are 95.73% for 16 × 16, 98.37% for 20 × 20 and 98.65% for 32 × 32, which significantly exceeds the traditional first- and second-order CNNs and local SIFT feature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app122412715
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Systematic Screening of Chemical Constituents in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Arnebiae Radix by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 9 ( 2022-04-19), p. 2631-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 9 ( 2022-04-19), p. 2631-
    Abstract: Arnebiae Radix (dried root of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst.) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat macular eruptions, measles, sore throat, carbuncles, burns, skin ulcers, and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that shikonins and shikonofurans are two of their main bioactive ingredients. However, systematic investigations of their constituents have rarely been conducted. It is necessary to establish a rapid and effective method to identify the chemical constituents of Arnebiae Radix. This will help to further improve the effective resource utilization rate of this plant. In this study, a rapid and effective UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry method was established to simultaneously analyze chemical ingredients in Arnebiae Radix within a short period of time. Based on the results of a full scan MS, the MS2 database (mzVault and mzCloud), the diagnostic fragment ions, the retention time, and the bibliography, a total of 188 compounds were identified, with 114 of those being reported from Arnebiae Radix for the first time. The results of this study lay the foundation for obtaining a thorough understanding of the active ingredients in Arnebiae Radix and its quality control. This method may be widely used for the chemical characterization of different samples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092631
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    M-O SiamRPN with Weight Adaptive Joint MIoU for UAV Visual Localization
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2022-09-07), p. 4467-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2022-09-07), p. 4467-
    Abstract: Vision-based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) localization is capable of providing real-time coordinates independently during GNSS interruption, which is important in security, agriculture, industrial mapping, and other fields. owever, there are problems with shadows, the tiny size of targets, interfering objects, and motion blurred edges in aerial images captured by UAVs. Therefore, a multi-order Siamese region proposal network (M-O SiamRPN) with weight adaptive joint multiple intersection over union (MIoU) loss function is proposed to overcome the above limitations. The normalized covariance of 2-O information based on1-O features is introduced in the Siamese convolutional neural network to improve the representation and sensitivity of the network to edges. We innovatively propose a spatial continuity criterion to select 1-O features with richer local details for the calculation of 2-O information, to ensure the effectiveness of M-O features. To reduce the effect of unavoidable positive and negative sample imbalance in target detection, weight adaptive coefficients were designed to automatically modify the penalty factor of cross-entropy loss. Moreover, the MIoU was constructed to constrain the anchor box regression from multiple perspectives. In addition, we proposed an improved Wallis shadow automatic compensation method to pre-process aerial images, providing the basis for subsequent image matching procedures. We also built a consumer-grade UAV acquisition platform to construct an aerial image dataset for experimental validation. The results show that our framework achieved excellent performance for each quantitative and qualitative metric, with the highest precision being 0.979 and a success rate of 0.732.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14184467
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lightweight, Low-Cost Co2SiO4@diatomite Core-Shell Composite Material for High-Efficiency Microwave Absorption
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 3 ( 2022-02-05), p. 1055-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 3 ( 2022-02-05), p. 1055-
    Abstract: The porous and biomimetic cobalt silicate@diatomite (Co2SiO4@diatomite) was successfully synthesized by a two-step method, including the hydrothermal method and calcination to improve the electromagnetic wave absorption property. Different hydrothermal times were well-tuned for Co2SiO4@diatomite composites with different loadings of Co2SiO4. Interestingly, the Co2SiO4@diatomite composites (6 h, 25 wt%) had a smaller minimum reflection loss. Moreover, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) could reach −12.03 dB at 16.64 GHz and the matched absorber thickness was 10 mm, while the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL ≤ −10 dB) could be 1.92 GHz. In principle, such findings indicate that Co2SiO4@diatomite nanocomposites could be a promising candidate for high-efficiency microwave absorption capability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031055
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Qualitative Analysis of Multiple Phytochemical Compounds in Tojapride Based on UHPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 19 ( 2022-10-06), p. 6639-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 19 ( 2022-10-06), p. 6639-
    Abstract: Tojapride is composed of Caulis Perillae, Rhizoma Cyperi, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Citrus aurantium L., Coptis chinensis Franch, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Reynoutria japonica Houtt, Tetradium ruticarpum, and Cleistocactus sepium. It has the effects of inhibiting gastric acid and relieving pain. It is clinically used for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease. To further study the pharmacodynamic properties of Tojapride, the systematic characterization of the chemical constituents in Tojapride was investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry combined with parallel reaction monitoring for the first time. Eventually, a total of 222 compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycyrrhizic acid derivatives, were identified based on the chromatographic retention times, MS/MS2 information, and bibliography data; a total of 218 of these were reported for the first time as being present in Tojapride. This newly developed approach provides a powerful tool for extending our understanding of chemical constituents of Tojapride, which can be further extended to other TCMP composition research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196639
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Integrated Approach to Obtain Gas Flow Velocity in Convection Reflow Soldering Oven
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-09-11), p. 1739-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-09-11), p. 1739-
    Abstract: The nozzle-matrix gas flow velocity has a great influence on the accuracy of the temperature field of a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) during the hot air convection reflow soldering process. This paper proposes a new approach that integrates the theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and an experimental test to accurately determine the nozzle-matrix gas flow velocity. First, the temperature profile of the aluminum alloy thin plate in convection reflow ovens is measured using a Wiken tester. Second, the nozzle-matrix gas flow velocity is theoretically calculated with the Martin formula. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD)simulation is performed according to the Icepak code, where a single oven chamber model is established to represent the 10 zones of soldering ovens to reduce computational resources considering the supry of the soldering ovens. The simulated temperature profile of the aluminum alloy thin plate is obtained and the specific response surface model (RSM) is established to represent the deviation between the simulated temperature and the measured temperature. Finally, based on reverse problem analysis, non-linear programming by quadratic Lagrangian (NLPQL) is used to solve the mathematical optimization model with the objective of minimizing the temperature deviation to obtain the corrected nozzle-matrix gas flow velocity. To validate the accuracy, the temperature test and the modeling using the corrected gas flow velocity for a new PCBA component for the soldering ovens is conducted separately. The temperature comparison between the simulation and the test shows that the maximum temperature deviation is within 10 °C. This provides evidence that the nozzle-matrix gas flow velocity obtained by the new approach is accurate and effective.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym15091739
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimization and Experiment of Livestock and Poultry Manure Composting Equipment with Vented Heating
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 14 ( 2023-07-21), p. 11353-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 14 ( 2023-07-21), p. 11353-
    Abstract: As livestock and poultry farming expands in China, the generation of fecal waste has significantly increased. Inadequate waste management can contribute to environmental pollution. This study seeks to optimize small-scale composting systems to address the inefficiencies and the limited automation of traditional composting equipment. We redesigned the mixing blades and refined the ventilation heating system, establishing an efficient mixing mechanism and an energy-saving ventilation heating system. A control system, incorporating Monitor and Control Generated System and Programmable logic Controller, was developed for real-time monitoring and adjustment capabilities, substantially enhancing automation levels. The optimization proved effective by reducing the composting cycle from 13 days to 11.5 days, increasing the GI value from 83% to 89%, and lowering the humidity from 8.9% to 8.1%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151411353
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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