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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Teaching Digital Electronics during the COVID-19 Pandemic via a Remote Lab
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 18 ( 2022-09-14), p. 6944-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 18 ( 2022-09-14), p. 6944-
    Abstract: Practical knowledge is essential for engineering education. With the COVID-19 pandemic, new challenges have arisen for remote practical learning (e.g., collaborations/experimentations with real equipment when face-to-face offerings are not possible). In this context, LabEAD is a remote lab project that aims to provide practical knowledge learning opportunities for Brazilian engineering students. This article describes how engineering project management methods consisting of application domains, requirement identification, technical solution specification, implementation, and delivery phases, were applied to the development of an Internet of Things (IoT) remote lab architecture. The distributed computing environment allows integration between students’ smartphones and IoT devices deployed in campus labs and in student residences. The code is open-source for facilitated replication and reuse, and the remote lab was built in six months to enable six experiments for the digital electronics lab during the COVID-19 pandemic, covering all the experiments of the original face-to-face offering. More than 70% of the 32 students preferred remote labs over simulations, and only 2 were not approved in the digital electronics course offered remotely.Student perceptions collected by questionnaires showed that they could successfully specify, develop, and present their projects using the remote lab infrastructure in four weeks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22186944
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 2
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    Nanomedicine as a Promising Tool to Overcome Immune Escape in Breast Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-02-25), p. 505-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-02-25), p. 505-
    Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy and leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Despite the current revolutionary advances in the field of cancer immunotherapy, clinical response in breast cancer is frequently below expectations, in part due to various mechanisms of cancer immune escape that produce tumor variants that are resistant to treatment. Thus, a further understanding of the molecular events underlying immune evasion in breast cancer may guarantee a significant improvement in the clinical success of immunotherapy. Furthermore, nanomedicine provides a promising opportunity to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy by improving the delivery, retention and release of immunostimulatory agents in targeted cells and tumor tissues. Hence, it can be used to overcome tumor immune escape and increase tumor rejection in numerous malignancies, including breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the current status and emerging trends in nanomedicine-based strategies targeting cancer immune evasion and modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, including the inhibition of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor area, the activation of dendritic cells and the stimulation of the specific antitumor T-cell response.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030505
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
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    Assessing Future Drought Conditions over the Iberian Peninsula: The Impact of Using Different Periods to Compute the SPEI
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2021-07-29), p. 980-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2021-07-29), p. 980-
    Abstract: Future drought-hazard assessments using standardized indices depend on the period used to calibrate the probability distributions. This appears to be particularly important in a changing climate with significant trends in drought-related variables. This study explores the effect of using different approaches to project droughts, with a focus on changes in drought characteristics (frequency, duration, time spent in drought, and spatial extent), estimated with a calibration period covering recent past and future conditions (self-calibrated indices), and another one that only applies recent-past records (relative indices). The analysis focused on the Iberian Peninsula (IP), a hot-spot region where climate projections indicate significant changes by the end of this century. To do this, a EURO-CORDEX multi-model ensemble under RCP8.5 was used to calculate the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at both 3- and 12-month timescales. The results suggest that projections of drought characteristics strongly depend on the period used to calibrate the SPEI, particularly at a 12-month timescale. Overall, differences were larger for the near future when relative indices indicated more severe droughts. For the distant future, changes were more similar, although self-calibrated indices revealed more frequent and longer-lasting droughts and the relative ones a drought worsening associated with extremely prolonged drought events.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos12080980
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
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    Antioxidants for the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Are We There Yet?
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-01-31), p. 205-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-01-31), p. 205-
    Abstract: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women. Oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been related to cancer progression. Compared to their normal counterparts, tumor cells show higher ROS levels and tight regulation of REDOX homeostasis to maintain a low degree of oxidative stress. Traditionally antioxidants have been extensively investigated to counteract breast carcinogenesis and tumor progression as chemopreventive agents; however, there is growing evidence indicating their potential as adjuvants for the treatment of breast cancer. Aimed to elucidate whether antioxidants could be a reality in the management of breast cancer patients, this review focuses on the latest investigations regarding the ambivalent role of antioxidants in the development of breast cancer, with special attention to the results derived from clinical trials, as well as their potential use as plausible agents in combination therapy and their power to ameliorate the side effects attributed to standard therapeutics. Data retrieved herein suggest that antioxidants play an important role in breast cancer prevention and the improvement of therapeutic efficacy; nevertheless, appropriate patient stratification based on “redoxidomics” or tumor subtype is mandatory in order to define the dosage for future standardized and personalized treatments of patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020205
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
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    Role of the Non-Canonical RNAi Pathway in the Antifungal Resistance and Virulence of Mucorales
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Genes Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-04-17), p. 586-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-04-17), p. 586-
    Abstract: Mucorales are the causal agents for the lethal disease known as mucormycosis. Mortality rates of mucormycosis can reach up to 90%, due to the mucoralean antifungal drug resistance and the lack of effective therapies. A concerning urgency among the medical and scientific community claims to find targets for the development of new treatments. Here, we reviewed different studies describing the role and machinery of a novel non-canonical RNAi pathway (NCRIP) only conserved in Mucorales. Its non-canonical features are the independence of Dicer and Argonaute proteins. Conversely, NCRIP relies on RNA-dependent RNA Polymerases (RdRP) and an atypical ribonuclease III (RNase III). NCRIP regulates the expression of mRNAs by degrading them in a specific manner. Its mechanism binds dsRNA but only cuts ssRNA. NCRIP exhibits a diversity of functional roles. It represses the epimutational pathway and the lack of NCRIP increases the generation of drug resistant strains. NCRIP also regulates the control of retrotransposons expression, playing an essential role in genome stability. Finally, NCRIP regulates the response during phagocytosis, affecting the multifactorial process of virulence. These critical NCRIP roles in virulence and antifungal drug resistance, along with its exclusive presence in Mucorales, mark this pathway as a promising target to fight against mucormycosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes12040586
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 6
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    De-Intensification of Antidiabetic Treatment Using Canagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Type 2 Diabetes: Cana-Switch-HF Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2021-05-08), p. 2013-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2021-05-08), p. 2013-
    Abstract: Canagliflozin is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor that reduces glycemia as well as the risk of cardiovascular events. Our main objective was to analyze antidiabetic treatment de-intensification and the glycemic efficacy of replacing antidiabetic agents (excluding metformin) with canagliflozin in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes with poor glycemic control. In this observational, retrospective, real-world study, we selected patients treated with metformin in combination with ≥2 non-insulin antidiabetic agents or metformin in combination with basal insulin plus ≥1 non-insulin antidiabetic agent. Non-insulin antidiabetic agents were replaced with canagliflozin. Patients were followed-up on at three, six, and 12 months after the switch and a wide range of clinical variables were recorded. A total of 121 patients were included. From baseline to 12 months, the number of antidiabetic agents (3.1 ± 1.0 vs. 2.1 ± 0.8, p 〈 0.05), basal insulin dose (20.1 ± 9.8 vs. 10.1 ± 6.5 units, p 〈 0.01), and percentage of patients who used basal insulin (47.9% vs. 31.3%, p 〈 0.01) decreased. The proportion of patients who used diuretics also declined significantly. In addition, we observed improvement in glycemic control, with an increase in the proportion of patients with glycated hemoglobin 〈 7% from 16.8% at three months to 63.5% at 12 (p 〈 0.001). Canagliflozin use was also beneficial in terms of body weight, blood pressure, heart failure status, functional class, and cardiovascular-renal risk. There were also reductions in the number of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for heart failure. Moreover, canagliflozin was well-tolerated, with a low rate of drug-related discontinuation. Mounting evidence from randomized controlled trials and real-world studies point to the beneficial profile of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors such as canagliflozin in patients with heart failure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10092013
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 7
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    Transcriptome Profile in Dairy Cows Resistant or Sensitive to Milk Fat Depression
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-03-29), p. 1199-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-03-29), p. 1199-
    Abstract: Feeding linseed to dairy cows results in milk fat depression (MFD), but there is a wide range of sensitivity among cows. The objectives of this study were to identify target genes containing SNP that may play a key role in the regulation of milk fat synthesis in cows resistant or sensitive to MFD. Four cows were selected from a dairy farm after a switch from a control diet to a linseed-rich diet; two were resistant to MFD with a high milk fat content in the control (4.06%) and linseed-rich (3.90%) diets; and two were sensitive to MFD with the milk fat content decreasing after the change from the control (3.87%) to linseed-rich (2.52%) diets. Transcriptome and SNP discovery analyses were performed using RNA-sequencing technology. There was a large number of differentially expressed genes in the control (n = 1316) and linseed-rich (n = 1888) diets. Of these, 15 genes were detected as key gene regulators and harboring SNP in the linseed-rich diet. The selected genes MTOR, PDPK1, EREG, NOTCH1, ZNF217 and TGFB3 may form a network with a principal axis PI3K/Akt/MTOR/SREBP1 involved in milk fat synthesis and in the response to diets that induced MFD. These 15 genes are novel candidate genes to be involved in the resistance or sensitivity of dairy cows to milk fat depression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13071199
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
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    Drug Repurposing for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-10-29), p. 200-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-10-29), p. 200-
    Abstract: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer which presents a high rate of relapse, metastasis, and mortality. Nowadays, the absence of approved specific targeted therapies to eradicate TNBC remains one of the main challenges in clinical practice. Drug discovery is a long and costly process that can be dramatically improved by drug repurposing, which identifies new uses for existing drugs, both approved and investigational. Drug repositioning benefits from improvements in computational methods related to chemoinformatics, genomics, and systems biology. To the best of our knowledge, we propose a novel and inclusive classification of those approaches whereby drug repurposing can be achieved in silico: structure-based, transcriptional signatures-based, biological networks-based, and data-mining-based drug repositioning. This review specially emphasizes the most relevant research, both at preclinical and clinical settings, aimed at repurposing pre-existing drugs to treat TNBC on the basis of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways such as androgen receptor, adrenergic receptor, STAT3, nitric oxide synthase, or AXL. Finally, because of the ability and relevance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) to drive tumor aggressiveness and poor clinical outcome, we also focus on those molecules repurposed to specifically target this cell population to tackle recurrence and metastases associated with the progression of TNBC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040200
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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