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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Chronic Periodontitis in Tonsillectomy Patients: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-05-25), p. 3663-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-05-25), p. 3663-
    Abstract: This study aimed to compare the risk of chronic periodontitis (CP) between participants who underwent tonsillectomy and those who did not (control participants) using a national cohort dataset. Patients who underwent tonsillectomy were selected from a total of 514,866 participants. A control group was included if participants had not undergone tonsillectomy from 2002 to 2015. The number of CP treatments was counted from the date of the tonsillectomy treatment. Patients who underwent tonsillectomy were matched 1:4 with control participants who were categorized based on age, sex, income, and region of residence. Finally, 1044 patients who underwent tonsillectomy were matched 1:4 with 4176 control participants. The adjusted estimated value of the number of post-index date (ID) CP did not reach statistical significance in any post-ID year (each of p 〉 0.05). In another subgroup analysis according to the number of pre- ID CP, it did not show statistical significance. This study revealed that tonsillectomy was not strongly associated with reducing the risk of CP. Even though the tonsils and periodontium are located adjacently, and tonsillectomy and CP may be related to bacterial inflammation, there was no significant risk of CP in patients undergoing tonsillectomy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10103663
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early Use of ECMO for Refractory Kounis Syndrome Concealed by General Anesthesia—A Case Report
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Medicina Vol. 58, No. 6 ( 2022-06-02), p. 759-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 58, No. 6 ( 2022-06-02), p. 759-
    Abstract: A 46-year-old woman demonstrated refractory Kounis syndrome (KS) after induction of anesthesia. Despite conventional management of anaphylaxis and advanced cardiac life support, her cardiovascular function continued to deteriorate until she had a cardiac arrest, and after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy, electrical cardiac activity reappeared. A large number of patients with KS—“allergic angina syndrome”—has been known to recover well with vasodilators; however, this patient showed antibiotics-induced refractory KS during general anesthesia. Severe bronchospasms with desaturation appeared as initial anaphylactic features; however, these did not respond to conventional treatment for anaphylaxis. Patient’s hemodynamic signs eventually worsened, leading to cardiac arrest despite ephedrine administration and chest compressions. During cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation, the central line was secured, and epinephrine, atropine, as well as sodium bicarbonate were administered repeatedly; nevertheless, cardiac arrest was sustained. After initiation of veno-arterial ECMO, atrial fibrillation was observed, which was later converted to sinus tachycardia by electrical cardioversions and amiodarone. Coronary angiography was performed before the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit; there were no indications of an impending cardiac arrest. The patient was discharged uneventfully owing to early use of ECMO despite the emergence of KS symptoms that were initially masked by anesthesia but later worsened abruptly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060759
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interactions of Nanoparticles with Macrophages and Feasibility of Drug Delivery for Asthma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2022-01-30), p. 1622-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2022-01-30), p. 1622-
    Abstract: Understanding the interaction between nanoparticles and immune cells is essential for the evaluation of nanotoxicity and development of nanomedicines. However, to date, there is little data on the membrane microstructure and biochemical changes in nanoparticle-loaded immune cells. In this study, we observed the microstructure of nanoparticle-loaded macrophages and changes in lipid droplets using holotomography analysis. Quantitatively analyzing the refractive index distribution of nanoparticle-loaded macrophages, we identified the interactions between nanoparticles and macrophages. The results showed that, when nanoparticles were phagocytized by macrophages, the number of lipid droplets and cell volume increased. The volume and mass of the lipid droplets slightly increased, owing to the absorption of nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the number of lipid droplets increased more conspicuously than the other factors. Furthermore, alveolar macrophages are involved in the development and progression of asthma. Studies have shown that macrophages play an essential role in the maintenance of asthma-related inflammation and tissue damage, suggesting that macrophage cells may be applied to asthma target delivery strategies. Therefore, we investigated the target delivery efficiency of gold nanoparticle-loaded macrophages at the biodistribution level, using an ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse model. Normal and severe asthma models were selected to determine the difference in the level of inflammation in the lung. Consequently, macrophages had increased mobility in models of severe asthma, compared to those of normal asthma disease. In this regard, the detection of observable differences in nanoparticle-loaded macrophages may be of primary interest, as an essential endpoint analysis for investigating nanomedical applications and immunotheragnostic strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031622
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microbiome of Unilateral Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Controlled Paired Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 18 ( 2021-09-19), p. 9878-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 18 ( 2021-09-19), p. 9878-
    Abstract: The sinonasal microbiota in human upper airway may play an important role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the human upper airway microbiome in patients with unilateral CRS, and compare the sinonasal microbiome of the unilateral diseased site with that of a contralateral healthy site. Thirty samples, 15 each from the diseased and healthy sites, were collected from the middle meatus and/or anterior ethmoid region of 15 patients with unilateral CRS during endoscopic sinus surgery. DNA extraction and bacterial microbiome analysis via 16S rRNA gene sequencing were then performed. Corynebacterium showed the highest relative abundance, followed by Staphylococcus in samples from both the diseased and healthy sites. Further, the relative abundances of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were significantly lower in samples from diseased sites than in those from healthy sites. Conversely, anaerobes, including Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Propionibacterium, were abundantly present in samples from both sites, more so in samples from diseased sites. However, the sites showed no significant difference with respect to richness or diversity (p 〉 0.05). Our results indicate that CRS might be a polymicrobial infection, and also suggest that Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus may exist as commensals on the sinus mucosal surface in the upper respiratory tract.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189878
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-Term Prediction Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Receiving Antiviral Therapy: Based on Data from Korean Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 22 ( 2022-11-08), p. 6613-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 22 ( 2022-11-08), p. 6613-
    Abstract: Predicting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a key clinical issue in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The aim of this study was to develop a precise and simple HCC risk score for up to 10 years. A total of 1895 CHB patients treated with entecavir or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were retrospectively recruited and randomized into derivation (n = 1239) and validation cohorts (n = 656). Variables proven to be independent risk factors for HCC in the derivation cohort were used to develop the prediction model. The ACCESS-HCC model included five variables (age, cirrhosis, consumption of ethanol, liver stiffness, and serum alanine aminotransferase). Areas under curves were 0.798, 0.762, and 0.883 for HCC risk at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively, which were higher than those of other prediction models. The scores were categorized according to significantly different HCC incidences: 0–4, low; 5–8, intermediate; and 9–14, high-risk. The annual incidence rates were 0.5%, 3.2%, and 11.3%, respectively. The performance of this model was validated in an independent cohort. The ACCESS-HCC model shows improved long-term prediction and provides three distinct risk categories for HCC in CHB patients receiving antiviral therapy. Further research is needed for external validation using larger cohorts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226613
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Association between Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Disease Using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Data
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 14 ( 2020-07-20), p. 5237-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 14 ( 2020-07-20), p. 5237-
    Abstract: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) by reviewing and discussing the role of the oral microbiome in periodontitis and CVD. This prospective cohort study used epidemiological data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study from 2004 to 2016. We selected 9973 patients with periodontitis and 125,304 controls (non-periodontitis) from 173,209 participants and analyzed their medical histories to determine the relationship between cerebral stroke/ischemic heart disease and periodontitis. The participants were questioned about any previous history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cerebral stroke (hemorrhagic or ischemic), ischemic heart disease (angina or myocardial infarction), and periodontitis. Their body mass index, smoking habit, alcohol intake, nutritional intake, and income were recorded. The Chi-square test, independent t-test, and two-tailed analyses were used for statistical analysis. The adjusted OR (aOR) of periodontitis for stroke was 1.35 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16–1.57, p 〈 0.001). The aOR of periodontitis for ischemic heart disease was 1.34 (95% CI = 1.22–1.48, p 〈 0.001). We concluded that periodontitis was associated with CVD and may be a risk factor for CVD. However, further studies are required to determine the association between periodontal treatment and CVD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145237
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intercellular Bioimaging and Biodistribution of Gold Nanoparticle-Loaded Macrophages for Targeted Drug Delivery
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Electronics Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2020-07-07), p. 1105-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2020-07-07), p. 1105-
    Abstract: In order to effectively apply nanoparticles to clinical use, macrophages have been used as vehicles to deliver genes, drugs or nanomaterials into tumors. In this study, the effectiveness of macrophage as a drug delivery system was validated by biodistribution imaging modalities at intercellular and ex vivo levels. We focused on biodistribution imaging, namely, the characterization of the gold nanoparticle-loaded macrophages using intracellular holotomography and target delivery efficiency analysis using ex vivo fluorescence imaging techniques. In more detail, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared with trisodium citrate method and loaded into macrophage cells (RAW 264.7). First, AuNPs loading into macrophages was confirmed using the conventional ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Then, the holotomographic imaging was employed to characterize the intracellular biodistribution of the AuNPs-loaded macrophages. The efficacy of target delivery of the well AuNPs uptake macrophages was studied in a mouse model, established via lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. The fluorescent images and the ex vivo ICP-MS evaluated the delivery efficiency of the AuNPs-loaded macrophages. Results revealed that the holotomographic imaging techniques can be promising modalities to understand intracellular biodistribution and ex vivo fluorescence imaging can be useful to validate the target delivery efficacy of the AuNPs-loaded macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics9071105
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Fulminant Giant Cell Myocarditis following Heterologous Vaccination of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Medicina Vol. 58, No. 3 ( 2022-03-20), p. 449-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 58, No. 3 ( 2022-03-20), p. 449-
    Abstract: A 48-year-old female patient underwent a heart transplantation for acute fulminant myocarditis, following heterologous vaccination with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19. She had no history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. She did not exhibit clinical signs or have laboratory findings of concomitant infection before or after vaccination. Heart transplantation was performed because her heart failed to recover with venoarterial extracorporeal oxygenation support. Organ autopsy revealed giant cell myocarditis, possibly related to the vaccines. Clinicians may have to consider the possibility of the development of giant cell myocarditis, especially in patients with rapidly deteriorating cardiac function and myocarditis symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030449
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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