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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Eosinophilic Cationic Protein as a Marker of Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-02-18), p. 261-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-02-18), p. 261-
    Abstract: Echinococcosis is a neglected zoonotic disease and a worldwide public health problem caused by infection with the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. In vitro studies have demonstrated a protoscolecidal effect of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), a granule protein of eosinophilic granulocytes, against E. granulosus. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate ECP as a biomarker in the treatment of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). Data were collected retrospectively from the Vienna Echinococcosis Cohort over 7 years until December 2020. Altogether, 32 patients (16 AE and 16 CE) were included. In the selected patients, serum ECP values were compared before and after the beginning of an operative and/or benzimidazole (BMZ) therapy. Mean ECP serum levels before intervention were significantly (p 〈 0.05) elevated at 34.0 ± 22.9 μg/L in AE patients and at 38.6 ± 19.9 μg/L in CE patients compared to the control group. After the intervention, mean ECP levels decreased significantly (p 〈 0.05) to 20.4 ± 14.6 μg/L in AE patients and to 22.4 ± 8.3 μg/L in CE patients. Furthermore, ECP showed a significant (p 〈 0.05) correlation of k = 0.56 with PET–CTI. Based on the significant decrease after operative and/or BMZ treatment and the correlation with clinical markers such as PET–CTI, it is recommended to investigate ECP more intensively as a marker of AE and CE in prospective studies with larger cohorts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020261
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correlation between Imaging Markers Derived from PET/MRI and Invasive Acquired Biomarkers in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2023-03-08), p. 1651-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2023-03-08), p. 1651-
    Abstract: Purpose: Evaluate the diagnostic potential of [18F]FDG-PET/MRI data compared with invasive acquired biomarkers in newly diagnosed early breast cancer (BC). Methods: Altogether 169 women with newly diagnosed BC were included. All underwent a breast- and whole-body [18F] FDG-PET/MRI for initial staging. A tumor-adapted volume of interest was placed in the primaries and defined bone regions on each standard uptake value (SUV)/apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) dataset. Immunohistochemical markers, molecular subtype, tumor grading, and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) of each patient were assessed after ultrasound-guided biopsy of the primaries and bone marrow (BM) aspiration. Correlation analysis and group comparisons were assessed. Results: A significant inverse correlation of estrogen-receptor (ER) expression and progesterone-receptor (PR) expression towards SUVmax was found (ER: r = 0.27, p 〈 0.01; PR: r = 0.19, p 〈 0.05). HER2-receptor expression showed no significant correlation towards SUV and ADC values. A significant positive correlation between Ki67 and SUVmax and SUVmean (r = 0.42 p 〈 0.01; r = 0.19 p 〈 0.05) was shown. Tumor grading significantly correlated with SUVmax and SUVmean (ρ = 0.36 and ρ = 0.39, both p’s 〈 0.01). There were no group differences between SUV/ADC values of DTC-positive/-negative patients. Conclusions: [18F]FDG-PET/MRI may give a first impression of BC-receptor status and BC-tumor biology during initial staging by measuring glucose metabolism but cannot distinguish between DTC-positive/-negative patients and replace biopsy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061651
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Eusocial Transition in Blattodea: Transposable Elements and Shifts of Gene Expression
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Genes Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2022-10-26), p. 1948-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2022-10-26), p. 1948-
    Abstract: (1) Unravelling the molecular basis underlying major evolutionary transitions can shed light on how complex phenotypes arise. The evolution of eusociality, a major evolutionary transition, has been demonstrated to be accompanied by enhanced gene regulation. Numerous pieces of evidence suggest the major impact of transposon insertion on gene regulation and its role in adaptive evolution. Transposons have been shown to be play a role in gene duplication involved in the eusocial transition in termites. However, evidence of the molecular basis underlying the eusocial transition in Blattodea remains scarce. Could transposons have facilitated the eusocial transition in termites through shifts of gene expression? (2) Using available cockroach and termite genomes and transcriptomes, we investigated if transposons insert more frequently in genes with differential expression in queens and workers and if those genes could be linked to specific functions essential for eusocial transition. (3) The insertion rate of transposons differs among differentially expressed genes and displays opposite trends between termites and cockroaches. The functions of termite transposon-rich queen- and worker-biased genes are related to reproduction and ageing and behaviour and gene expression, respectively. (4) Our study provides further evidence on the role of transposons in the evolution of eusociality, potentially through shifts in gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes13111948
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Concept for the Treatment of Class III Anomalies with a Skeletally Anchored Appliance Fabricated in the CAD/CAM Process—The MIRA Appliance
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Bioengineering Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2023-05-19), p. 616-
    Details
    In: Bioengineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2023-05-19), p. 616-
    Abstract: Objective: Intermaxillary elastics, anchored skeletally, represent a promising concept for treatment in adolescent patients with skeletal Class III anomalies. A challenge in existing concepts is the survival rate of the miniscrews in the mandible or the invasiveness of the bone anchors. A novel concept, the mandibular interradicular anchor (MIRA) appliance, for improving skeletal anchorage in the mandible, will be presented and discussed. Clinical case: In a ten-year-old female patient with a moderate skeletal Class III, the novel MIRA concept, combined with maxillary protraction, was applied. This involved the use of a CAD/CAM-fabricated indirect skeletal anchorage appliance in the mandible, with interradicularly placed miniscrews distal to each canine (MIRA appliance), and a hybrid hyrax in the maxilla with paramedian placed miniscrews. The modified alt-RAMEC protocol involved an intermittent weekly activation for five weeks. Class III elastics were worn for a period of seven months. This was followed by alignment with a multi-bracket appliance. Discussion: The cephalometric analysis before and after therapy shows an improvement of the Wits value (+3.8 mm), SNA (+5°), and ANB (+3°). Dentally, a transversal postdevelopment in the maxilla (+4 mm) and a labial tip of the maxillary (+3.4°) and mandibular anterior teeth (+4.7°) with gap formation is observed. Conclusion: The MIRA appliance represents a less invasive and esthetic alternative to the existing concepts, especially with two miniscrews in the mandible per side. In addition, MIRA can be selected for complex orthodontic tasks, such as molar uprighting and mesialization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5354
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050616
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746191-9
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