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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    “Golden” Tomato Consumption Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome: A Focus on the Redox Balance in the High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rat
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-05-18), p. 1121-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-05-18), p. 1121-
    Abstract: Tomato fruits defined as “golden” refer to a food product harvested at an incomplete ripening stage with respect to red tomatoes at full maturation. The aim of this study is to explore the putative influence of “golden tomato” (GT) on Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), especially focusing on the effects on redox homeostasis. Firstly, the differential chemical properties of the GT food matrix were characterized in terms of phytonutrient composition and antioxidant capacities with respect to red tomato (RT). Later, we assessed the biochemical, nutraceutical and eventually disease-modifying potential of GT in vivo in the high-fat-diet rat model of MetS. Our data revealed that GT oral supplementation is able to counterbalance MetS-induced biometric and metabolic modifications. Noteworthy is that this nutritional supplementation proved to reduce plasma oxidant status and improve the endogenous antioxidant barriers, assessed by strong systemic biomarkers. Furthermore, consistently with the reduction of hepatic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) levels, treatment with GT markedly reduced the HFD-induced increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation and hepatic steatosis. This research elucidates the importance of food supplementation with GT in the prevention and management of MetS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051121
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Persistent Organic Pollutants and Fatty Acid Profile in a Typical Cheese from Extensive Farms: First Assessment of Human Exposure by Dietary Intake
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 24 ( 2022-12-09), p. 3476-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 24 ( 2022-12-09), p. 3476-
    Abstract: Dairy products represent an important source of beneficial substances for humans. At the same time, they can expose the consumers to environmental contaminants ingested by animals through their diet, influencing their health negatively. This experiment aims to evaluate the risk and benefits related to the consumption of typical stretched cheeses, considering their fatty acid (FA) profile and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) content. Six representative farms, two of them organic, raising Cinisara cattle were selected, considering the typical extensive management systems, based on feeding of natural pasture integrated with concentrate and hay depending on the availability of forage on pastures. A total of 18 cheeses produced in winter, spring and summer with bulk milk of each farm were sampled and analyzed. The chemical composition of cheeses was influenced by farm management, and the FA profile mainly by the season. In particular, cheeses made in spring showed a healthier FA profile with the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), of omega3-PUFA and omega6/omega3 ratio pair to 7.29%, 1.44% and 1.32, respectively, while in winter 5.44%, 0.98% and 2.55, respectively, and in summer 4.77% 0.49% and 3.04, respectively. Due to high levels of feeding integration, cheese made in winter presented unhealthier characteristics compared to the cheeses made in spring and summer, showing high levels of saturated FA (66.2%, 64.2% and 65.5%, respectively), and large contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (57.07 ng/g fat, 36.25 ng/g fat and 10.22 ng/g fat, respectively) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (36.19 ng/g fat, 4.68 ng/g fat and 3.73 ng/g fat, respectively), mainly in those from non-organic farms. Levels of PCBs considered to be hazardous to human health were found in nine samples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12243476
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Red Orange and Bitter Orange IntegroPectin: Structure and Main Functional Compounds
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 10 ( 2022-05-19), p. 3243-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 10 ( 2022-05-19), p. 3243-
    Abstract: DRIFT, HPLC-MS, and SPME-GC/MS analyses were used to unveil the structure and the main functional compounds of red (blood) orange (Citrus sinensis) and bitter orange (Citrus aurantium). The IntegroPectin samples show evidence that these new citrus pectins are comprised of pectin rich in RG-I hairy regions functionalized with citrus biophenols, chiefly flavonoids and volatile molecules, mostly terpenes. Remarkably, IntegroPectin from the peel of fresh bitter oranges is the first high methoxyl citrus pectin extracted via hydrodynamic cavitation, whereas the red orange IntegroPectin is a low methoxyl pectin. C. aurantium IntegroPectin has a uniquely high concentration of adsorbed flavonoids, especially the flavanone glycosides hesperidin, naringin, and eriocitrin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103243
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chemical Characterization, Antibacterial Activity, and Embryo Acute Toxicity of Rhus coriaria L. Genotype from Sicily (Italy)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2022-02-14), p. 538-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2022-02-14), p. 538-
    Abstract: This study reports a full characterization of the Sicilian sumac, Rhus coriaria L. This fruit represents a potential source of fiber (33.21 ± 1.02%) and unsaturated fatty acids, being the contents of linoleic and α-linolenic acids, 30.82 ± 1.21% and 1.85 ± 0.07%, respectively. In addition, the content of phenolic and total anthocyanin was 71.69 ± 1.23 mg/g as gallic acid equivalents, and 6.71 ± 0.12 mg/g as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside equivalents, respectively. The high content in mineral elements, consisting mainly of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, followed by aluminum, iron, sodium, boron, and zinc, was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Moreover, its antimicrobial activity was evaluated against multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms, represented by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from poultry. The activity of seven different sumac fruit extracts obtained using the following solvents—ethanol (SE), methanol (SM), acetone (SA), ethanol and water (SEW), methanol and water (SMW), acetone and water (SAW), water (SW)—was evaluated. The polyphenol profile of SM extract, which showed better activity, was analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). The major component identified was gallic acid, followed by quercetin, methyl digallate, pentagalloyl-hexoside, and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside. The non-toxicity of Sicilian R. coriaria was confirmed by testing the effect of the same extract on zebrafish embryos.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11040538
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effect of Plant Water Status on the Chemical Composition of Pistachio Nuts (Pistacia vera L. Cultivar Bianca)
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2020-05-13), p. 167-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2020-05-13), p. 167-
    Abstract: Pistachio nuts are worldwide appreciated for their chemical and organoleptic profiles. There are several studies on the influence of irrigation on pistachio productivity, whereas there are little available data on the influence on nut quality. In this study we characterized some qualitative traits of pistachio nuts cultivar Bianca in Mediterranean environment and how plant water status affected them. Water status had a positive and significant influence on the chlorophylls content, nuts from less stressed trees showed higher values of chlorophyll a (14.7 mg/100 g) and b (21.1 mg/100 g) compared than more stressed trees (9.3 and 11.5 mg/100 g for a and b, respectively). Solid phase microextraction technique in headspace followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME GC/MS) identified seventeen different compounds with terpenes being the major class of volatiles; the most abundant were α-Pinene (range 26.2–35 μg/g), D-Limonene (2.8–3.3 μg/g), 2-Carene (1.8–3 μg/g) and β-Myrcene (0.6–1.4 μg/g). Overall, we found higher level of terpenes in less stressed trees and for α-Pinene and β-Myrcene differences were significant. The fatty acid composition analysis revealed oleic acid (70.1–71.1%), linoleic acid (13.5–14.4%) and palmitic acid (9.6–9.8%) as the most abundant compounds, but tree water status did not influence their concentration. Overall, the data reported proved that supplemental irrigation contributes to increase pistachio nut quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture10050167
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Volatile Compounds of Lemon and Grapefruit IntegroPectin
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2020-12-24), p. 51-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2020-12-24), p. 51-
    Abstract: An HS-SPME GC-MS analysis of the volatile compounds adsorbed at the outer surface of lemon and grapefruit pectins obtained via the hydrodynamic cavitation of industrial waste streams of lemon and grapefruit peels in water suggests important new findings en route to understanding the powerful and broad biological activity of these new pectic materials. In agreement with the ultralow degree of esterification of these pectins, the high amount of highly bioactive α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol points to limonene (and linalool) decomposition catalyzed by residual citric acid in the citrus waste peel residue of the juice industrial production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010051
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    HPLC/HRMS and GC/MS for Triacylglycerols Characterization of Tuna Fish Oils Obtained from Green Extraction
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Foods Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-11), p. 1193-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-11), p. 1193-
    Abstract: Background: Fish oil is one of the most common lipidic substances that is consumed as a dietary supplement. The high omega-3 fatty acid content in fish oil is responsible for its numerous health benefits. Fish species such as mackerel, herring, tuna, and salmon are particularly rich in these lipids, which contain two essential omega-3 fatty acids, known as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Objectives: Due to the scarcity of information in the literature, this study aimed to conduct a qualitative and quantitative characterization of triglycerides (TAGs) in crude tuna fish oil using HPLC/HRMS. Fatty acid (FA) determination was also performed using GC/MS. The tuna fish oils analyzed were produced using a green, low-temperature process from the remnants of fish production, avoiding the use of any extraction solvents. Results: The analyses led to the tentative identification and semi-quantitation of 81 TAGs. In silico saponification and comparison with fatty acid methyl ester results helped to confirm the identified TAGs and their quantities. The study found that the produced oil is rich in EPA, DHA, and erucic acid, while the negligible isomerization of fatty acids to trans-derivatives was observed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods12061193
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diurnal Regulation of Leaf Water Status in High- and Low-Mannitol Olive Cultivars
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  Plants Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2014-03-25), p. 196-208
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2014-03-25), p. 196-208
    Abstract: The role of mannitol and malic acid in the regulation of diurnal leaf water relations was investigated in ‘Biancolilla’ (high-mannitol) and ‘Cerasuola’ (low-mannitol) olive trees. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (T), relative water content (RWC), mannitol and malic acid were measured in ‘Biancolilla’ and ‘Cerasuola’ leaves during a dry and hot day of summer in Sicily. In general, leaves of ‘Biancolilla’ trees exhibited greater mannitol content, higher gs and T, but lower RWC than leaves of ‘Cerasuola’ trees. Differences in gs and T between the two cultivars were evident mainly in mid to late morning. ‘Biancolilla’ leaves accumulated mannitol at midday and again late in the evening. Stomatal responses to VPD were RWC dependent, and limited somewhat T, only in ‘Biancolilla’. Mannitol was directly related to RWC, and may play an osmotic role, in ‘Biancolilla’ leaves, whereas ‘Cerasuola’ leaves remained well hydrated by just transpiring less and regardless of mannitol. A day-time accumulation and night-time utilization of mannitol in ‘Biancolilla’ leaves is proposed as an efficient mechanism to regulate water status and growth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants3020196
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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