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  • 1
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    The clinical and subclinical features of spinal cord injury on magnetic resonance imaging of patients with N2O intoxication
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Neurology International Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2020-08-18)
    Details
    In: Neurology International, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2020-08-18)
    Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a weak anesthetic gas that was first used in 1844 in the field of dental anesthesia. However, currently, N2O is being abused for entertainment purposes in the form of N2O-filled balloons, called funky balls, which can cause many adverse effects, especially nervous system injury. This study aimed to investigate the detailed clinical and subclinical features associated with N2O intoxication. We retrospectively reviewed 47 patients diagnosed with N2O intoxication, from May 2018 to July 2019, and collected demographic data, clinical and laboratory tests, and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. The mean time of funky ball use was 8.8 months, with a mean use of 36.3 balls per day. All patients presented with superficial sensory disorders. Reductions in muscle strength, decreased vibration sensation, and decreased or lost tendon reflexes were the most common clinical signs of N2O intoxication. Romberg sign and Lhermitte sign were observed in 39 patients (83%) and 21 patients (44.7%), respectively. Spinal cord lesions on MRI were observed in 32 patients (68.1%), which mostly presented with an inverted V sign. The total duration of N2O use, the number of days of using N2O per week, and the presence of Lhermitte sign (P 〈 0.05) were significantly different between patients with and without spinal cord lesions on MRI. Serum levels of homocysteine and vitamin B12 were significantly different between the time of admission and discharge (P 〈 0.05). Our study indicated that the days of using N2O per week was significantly associated with Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI) on MRI. According to the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a cutoff days of using per week value of 2.5 days could predict SCI with a sensitivity of 81.3%, a specificity of 73.3%, and an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.813. Changes in the serum levels of homocysteine and vitamin B12 were effective markers for the evaluation of treatment response.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2035-8377 , 2035-8385
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4081/ni.2020.8652
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2514727-4
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  • 2
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    Historical Monitoring of Shoreline Changes in the Cua Dai Estuary, Central Vietnam Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Data
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Geosciences Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2017-08-18), p. 72-
    Details
    In: Geosciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2017-08-18), p. 72-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3263
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/geosciences7030072
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655946-8
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  • 3
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    Adapting to Climate-Change-Induced Drought Stress to Improve Water Management in Southeast Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2023-06-02), p. 9021-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2023-06-02), p. 9021-
    Abstract: In Southeast Vietnam, droughts have become more frequent, causing significant damage and impacting the region’s socio-economic development. Water shortages frequently affect the industrial and agricultural sectors in the area. This study aims to calculate the water balance and the resilience of existing water resource allocations in the La Nga-Luy River basin based on two scenarios: (1) business-as-usual and (2) following a sustainable development approach. The MIKE NAM and MIKE HYDRO BASIN models were used for rainfall–runoff (R-R) and water balance modeling, respectively, and the Keetch–Byram Drought Index (KBDI) was used to estimate the magnitude of the droughts. The results identified areas within the Nga-Luy River basin where abnormally dry and moderate drought conditions are common, as well as subbasins, i.e., in the southeast and northeast, where severe and extreme droughts often prevail. It was also shown that the water demand for the irrigation of the winter–spring and summer–autumn crop life cycles could be fully met under abnormally dry conditions. This possibility decreases to 85–100% during moderate droughts, however. In contrast, 65% and 45–50% of the water demand for irrigation is met for the winter–spring and summer–autumn crop life cycles, respectively, during severe and extreme droughts. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the water demand for irrigation could still be met 100% and 75–80% of the time during moderate, and extreme or severe droughts, respectively, through increased water use efficiency. This study could help managers to rationally regulate water in order to meet the agricultural sector’s needs in the region and reduce the damage and costs caused by droughts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15119021
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 4
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    Electrical Characterization of RF Reactive Sputtered p–Mg-InxGa1−xN/n–Si Hetero-Junction Diodes without Using Buffer Layer
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Coatings Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2019-10-25), p. 699-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2019-10-25), p. 699-
    Abstract: The modeling of p–InxGa1−xN/n–Si hetero junction diodes without using the buffer layer were investigated with the “top-top” electrode. The p–Mg-GaN and p–Mg-In0.05Ga0.95N were deposited directly on the n–Si (100) wafer by the RF reactive sputtering at 400 °C with single cermet targets. Al and Pt with the square size of 1 mm2 were used for electrodes of p–InxGa1−xN/n–Si diodes. Both devices had been designed to prove the p-type performance of 10% Mg-doped in GaN and InGaN films. By Hall measurement at the room temperature (RT), the holes concentration and mobility were determined to be Np = 3.45 × 1016 cm−3 and µ = 145 cm2/V·s for p–GaN film, Np = 2.53 × 1017 cm−3, and µ = 45 cm2/V·s for p–InGaN film. By the I–V measurement at RT, the leakage currents at −5 V and turn-on voltages were found to be 9.31 × 10−7 A and 2.4 V for p–GaN/n–Si and 3.38 × 10−6 A and 1.5 V for p–InGaN/n–Si diode. The current densities at the forward bias of 20 V were 0.421 and 0.814 A·cm−2 for p–GaN/n–Si and p–InGaN/n–Si devices. The electrical properties were measured at the temperature range of 25 to 150 °C. By calculating based on the TE mode, Cheungs’ and Norde methods, and other parameters of diodes were also determined and compared.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings9110699
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 5
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    Pathogenic Escherichia coli Possess Elevated Growth Rates under Exposure to Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Azithromycin
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-10-26), p. 735-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-10-26), p. 735-
    Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the ten major threats to global health. Advances in technology, including whole-genome sequencing, have provided new insights into the origin and mechanisms of AMR. However, our understanding of the short-term impact of antimicrobial pressure and resistance on the physiology of bacterial populations is limited. We aimed to investigate morphological and physiological responses of clinical isolates of E. coli under short-term exposure to key antimicrobials. We performed whole-genome sequencing on twenty-seven E. coli isolates isolated from children with sepsis to evaluate their AMR gene content. We assessed their antimicrobial susceptibility profile and measured their growth dynamics and morphological characteristics under exposure to varying concentrations of ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, gentamicin, and azithromycin. AMR was common, with all organisms resistant to at least one antimicrobial; a total of 81.5% were multi-drug-resistant (MDR). We observed an association between resistance profile and morphological characteristics of the E. coli over a three-hour exposure to antimicrobials. Growth dynamics experiments demonstrated that resistance to tetracycline promoted the growth of E. coli under antimicrobial-free conditions, while resistance to the other antimicrobials incurred a fitness cost. Notably, antimicrobial exposure heterogeneously suppressed bacterial growth, but sub-MIC concentrations of azithromycin increased the maximum growth rate of the clinical isolates. Our results outline complex interactions between organism and antimicrobials and raise clinical concerns regarding exposure of sub-MIC concentrations of specific antimicrobials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110735
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    The Effect of RF Sputtering Temperature Conditions on the Structural and Physical Properties of Grown SbGaN Thin Film
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Coatings Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-06-23), p. 752-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-06-23), p. 752-
    Abstract: By using a single ceramic SbGaN target containing a 14% Sb dopant, Sb0.14GaN films were successfully grown on n-Si(100), SiO2/Si(100), and quartz substrates by an RF reactive sputtering technology at different growth temperatures, ranging from 100 to 400 °C. As a result, the structural characteristics, and optical and electrical properties of the deposited Sb0.14GaN films were affected by the various substrate temperature conditions. By heating the temperature deposition differently, the sputtered Sb0.14GaN films had a wurtzite crystal structure with a preferential (101¯0) plane, and these Sb0.14GaN films experienced a structural distortion and exhibited p-type layers. At the highest depositing temperature of 400 °C, the Sb0.14GaN film had the smallest bandgap energy of 2.78 eV, and the highest hole concentration of 8.97 × 1016 cm−3, a conductivity of 2.1 Scm−1, and a high electrical mobility of 146 cm2V−1s−1. The p-Sb0.14GaN/n-Si heterojunction diode was tested at different temperatures, ranging from 25 to 150 °C. The testing data showed that the change of testing temperature affected the electrical characteristics of the diode.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings11070752
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 7
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    Reactively Sputtered Sb-GaN Films and its Hetero-Junction Diode: The Exploration of the n-to-p Transition
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Coatings Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-02-27), p. 210-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-02-27), p. 210-
    Abstract: Sb anion-substituted gallium nitride films were fabricated by radio frequency reactive sputtering with single Sb-containing cermet targets with different Sb contents under Ar/N2 atmosphere. n-type GaN films with electron concentration of (1.40 ± 0.1) × 1017 cm−3 inverted to p-type Sb-GaN with hole concentration of (5.50 ± 0.3) × 1017 cm−3. The bandgap energy of Sb anion-added Sb-GaN films decreased from 3.20 to 2.72 eV with increasing Sb concentration. The formation of p-type Sb-GaN is attributed to the formation of Ga vacancy at higher Sb concentration. The coexistence of Sb at the Ga cation site and N anion site is an interesting and important result, as GaNSb had been well developed for highly mismatched alloys. The hetero-junction with p-type Sb-GaN/n-Si diodes was all formed by radio frequency (RF) reactive sputtering technology. The electrical characteristics of Sb-GaN diode devices were investigated from −20 to 20 V at room temperature (RT).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings10030210
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 8
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    Prevalence and Associated Factors of optrA-Positive-Enterococcus faecalis in Different Reservoirs around Farms in Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-05-24), p. 954-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-05-24), p. 954-
    Abstract: Linezolid is an antibiotic of last resort for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Enterococcus faecalis, a member of enterococci, is a significant pathogen in nosocomial infections. E. faecalis resistance to linezolid is frequently related to the presence of optrA, which is often co-carried with fex, phenicol exporter genes, and erm genes encoding macrolide resistance. Therefore, the common use of antibiotics in veterinary might promote the occurrence of optrA in livestock settings. This is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate the prevalence of optrA positive E. faecalis (OPEfs) in 6 reservoirs in farms in Ha Nam province, Vietnam, and its associated factors and to explore genetic relationships of OPEfs isolates. Among 639 collected samples, the prevalence of OPEfs was highest in flies, 46.8% (51/109), followed by chickens 37.3% (72/193), dogs 33.3% (17/51), humans 18.7% (26/139), wastewater 16.4% (11/67) and pigs 11.3%, (14/80). The total feeding area and total livestock unit of the farm were associated with the presence of OPEfs in chickens, flies, and wastewater. Among 186 OPEfs strains, 86% were resistant to linezolid. The presence of optrA was also related to the resistant phenotype against linezolid and levofloxacin of E. faecalis isolates. Close genotypic relationships identified by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis between OPEfs isolates recovered from flies and other reservoirs including chickens, pigs, dogs, and wastewater suggested the role of flies in the transmission of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. These results provided warnings of linezolid resistance although it is not used in livestock.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060954
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
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    Usefulness of Hospital Admission Chest X-ray Score for Predicting Mortality and ICU Admission in COVID-19 Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-06-20), p. 3548-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-06-20), p. 3548-
    Abstract: We aimed to investigate the performance of a chest X-ray (CXR) scoring scale of lung injury in prediction of death and ICU admission among patients with COVID-19 during the 2021 peak pandemic in HCM City, Vietnam. CXR and clinical data were collected from Vinmec Central Park-hospitalized patients from July to September 2021. Three radiologists independently assessed the day-one CXR score consisting of both severity and extent of lung lesions (maximum score = 24). Among 219 included patients, 28 died and 34 were admitted to the ICU. There was a high consensus for CXR scoring among radiologists (κ = 0.90; CI95%: 0.89–0.92). CXR score was the strongest predictor of mortality (tdAUC 0.85 CI95% 0.69–1) within the first 3 weeks after admission. A multivariate model confirmed a significant effect of an increased CXR score on mortality risk (HR = 1.33, CI95%: 1.10 to 1.62). At a threshold of 16 points, the CXR score allowed for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission with good sensitivity (0.82 (CI95%: 0.78 to 0.87) and 0.86 (CI95%: 0.81 to 0.90)) and specificity (0.89 (CI95%: 0.88 to 0.90) and 0.87 (CI95%: 0.86 to 0.89)), respectively, and can be used to identify high-risk patients in needy countries such as Vietnam.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123548
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 10
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    Genotype and Phenotype Characterization of Rhinolophus sp. Sarbecoviruses from Vietnam: Implications for Coronavirus Emergence
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Viruses Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-09-08), p. 1897-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-09-08), p. 1897-
    Abstract: Bats are a major reservoir of zoonotic viruses, including coronaviruses. Since the emergence of SARS-CoV in 2002/2003 in Asia, important efforts have been made to describe the diversity of Coronaviridae circulating in bats worldwide, leading to the discovery of the precursors of epidemic and pandemic sarbecoviruses in horseshoe bats. We investigated the viral communities infecting horseshoe bats living in Northern Vietnam, and report here the first identification of sarbecoviruses in Rhinolophus thomasi and Rhinolophus siamensis bats. Phylogenetic characterization of seven strains of Vietnamese sarbecoviruses identified at least three clusters of viruses. Recombination and cross-species transmission between bats seemed to constitute major drivers of virus evolution. Vietnamese sarbecoviruses were mainly enteric, therefore constituting a risk of spillover for guano collectors or people visiting caves. To evaluate the zoonotic potential of these viruses, we analyzed in silico and in vitro the ability of their RBDs to bind to mammalian ACE2s and concluded that these viruses are likely restricted to their bat hosts. The workflow applied here to characterize the spillover potential of novel sarbecoviruses is of major interest for each time a new virus is discovered, in order to concentrate surveillance efforts on high-risk interfaces.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v15091897
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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