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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inhibition of α-Glucosidase, Acetylcholinesterase, and Nitric Oxide Production by Phytochemicals Isolated from Millettia speciosa—In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2022-01-30), p. 388-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2022-01-30), p. 388-
    Abstract: The phytochemical constituents from the roots of Millettia speciosa were investigated by chromatographic isolation, and their chemical structures were characterized using the MS and NMR spectroscopic methods. A total of 10 compounds, including six triterpenoids, two flavonoids, and two phenolic compounds, were identified from the roots of M. speciosa. Out of the isolated compounds, eight showed inhibitory effects on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 43.9 to 449.5 µg/mL. Ursane-type triterpenes significantly suppressed NO production compared to the remaining compounds. In addition, these compounds also exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase. Among the tested compounds, 4, 5, and 10 exhibited excellent α-glucosidase inhibition, with IC50 values ranging from 1.1 to 2.2 µg/mL. Almost all of the test compounds showed little or no acetylcholinesterase inhibition, except for 5, which showed moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro. The molecular docking study of α-glucosidase inhibition by 3–5 and 10 was conducted to observe the interactions of these molecules with the enzyme. Compounds 4, 5, and 10 exhibited a better binding affinity toward the targeted receptor and the H-bond interactions located at the entrance of the enzyme active site pocket in comparison to those of 3 and the positive control acarbose. Our findings evidence the pharmacological potential of this species and suggest that the phytochemicals derived from the roots of M. speciosa may be promising lead molecules for further studies on the development of anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetes drugs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11030388
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Prevalence and Virulence of Commensal Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates from Healthy Individuals in Southern Vietnam (2018–2020)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-12-26), p. 54-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-12-26), p. 54-
    Abstract: Understanding the colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in healthy humans is useful for future prevention and treatment of P. aeruginosa infection. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of of P. aeruginosa colonization in healthy humans. At the same time, the virulence of the isolated P. aeruginosa was also studied. In the study, 609 Vietnamese volunteers (310 females and 299 males, age range of 2 to 73 years), who had no acute infection or disease symptoms participated at the time of sample collection. Samples were taken from the throat, nostrils, and outer ears. P. aeruginosa was found in 19 participants (3.12%, 95% CI: 0.017–0.045), mainly from the throat (11/19, 57.89%). Participants with a history of sinusitis were 11.57 times more likely to be colonized with P. aeruginosa than participants without a history of sinusitis (OR: 11.57, 95% CI: 4.08–32.76, p-value 〈 0.0001, Fisher’s Exact test). Age and sex were not significantly associated with P. aeruginosa colonization. Among 16 P. aeruginosa isolates used in virulence tests, 100% (16/16) were positive for the synthesis of biofilm, pyocyanin, and siderophores; 93.75% (15/16) isolates were positive for the synthesis of gelatinase and protease; and 50% (8/16) isolates were positive for lipase. There were no differences in the pattern and range of virulence factors of P. aeruginosa isolates taken from participants with and without sinusitis history. P. aeruginosa colonized 3.12% of participants, and its presence was associated with sinusitis history.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010054
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 3
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    Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of β-Ga2O3 Nanostructures for Decomposition of Formaldehyde under Deep Ultraviolet Irradiation
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-09-24), p. 1105-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-09-24), p. 1105-
    Abstract: An attempt to degrade volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and sterilize air simultaneously is highly desirable to improve indoor air quality. With the help of deep ultraviolet (UVC) lighting, harmful bacteria that exists in the air can be destroyed. Thus, a new photocatalytic substance that can break down VOCs under UVC irradiation is required. Here, we demonstrate the photocatalytic activity of β-Ga2O3 nanostructures, synthesized via the solvothermal method for removing formaldehyde (HCHO) under deep ultraviolet irradiation. The Raman and XRD results indicated that as-synthesized nanostructures showed β-crystalline phase with a monoclinic structure. The photoluminescence spectrum exhibited a broad and strong green emission peak at 510 nm, which was likely attributed to a considerable amount of oxygen and gallium vacancies formed during the calcinating process. The photocatalytic efficiency for decomposing HCHO at room temperature under deep ultraviolet irradiation (278 nm) of the synthesized β-Ga2O3 nanoparticles is higher than that of the β-Ga2O3 nanorods. Both nanoparticles and nanorods obeyed the pseudo-first-order Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model with a degradation rate constant of 0.057 and 0.033 min−1, corresponding to the efficiency of 82% and 62% in the formaldehyde removal, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal10101105
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Knowledge and Attitude Related to Hepatitis C among Medical Students in the Oral Direct Acting Antiviral Agents Era in Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 19 ( 2022-09-28), p. 12298-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 19 ( 2022-09-28), p. 12298-
    Abstract: Background: Medical students play important frontline roles in the prevention, early detection, and treatment of hepatitis C. This study investigated knowledge and attitudes toward hepatitis C among 5th- and 6th-year medical students and possible associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2000 students from eight medical universities using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Results: The mean knowledge and attitude scores for hepatitis C were 20.1 ± 4.0 (out of 26) and 10.6 ± 2.9 (out of 20), respectively. Approximately, three-quarters (74.4%) of the participants had a good knowledge score, but only a small proportion (3.1%) obtained a good attitude score. Although the participants had fairly high knowledge about the causes, consequences, and transmission routes of hepatitis C, there were important gaps in their knowledge about hepatitis C screening and treatment. In multivariate analysis, female students, 5th-year students, and students from the central provinces had significantly higher knowledge and attitude scores. There was a low positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores. Conclusion: This study points out the need to update the medical training curriculum to improve the knowledge and attitude of students about hepatitis C infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912298
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices toward Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Students of Medicine in Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 13 ( 2021-07-02), p. 7081-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 13 ( 2021-07-02), p. 7081-
    Abstract: Background: Building capacity in hepatitis B virus prevention and management for medical students and health professionals is one of the pillars of the national viral hepatitis control strategy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at eight medical universities from the northern, central and southern regions of the country between May and November 2020 using a systematic random sampling technique. Results: Among 2000 participants, 84.2% reported they had been tested for hepatitis B and 83.9% had received the hepatitis B vaccine. The mean knowledge, attitude, practice score was 40.2 out of 54 (74.4%) with only 19.9% of the study participants obtaining a good score. In multivariate analysis, fifth year students, students from central universities, students who had tested positive for hepatitis B and students who had received hepatitis B vaccine or had encountered patients with chronic hepatitis B had significantly higher knowledge score (p 〈 0.05). The study showed lack of trust in the hepatitis B vaccine safety and lack of confidence in providing counselling, testing and management of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Conclusion: Findings from our research emphasized an immediate need to improve the medical schools’ training curriculum in Vietnam to enable students’ readiness in hepatitis B prevention and management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137081
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 6
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    Implementing CCTV-Based Attendance Taking Support System Using Deep Face Recognition: A Case Study at FPT Polytechnic College
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2020-02-21), p. 307-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2020-02-21), p. 307-
    Abstract: Face recognition (FR) has received considerable attention in the field of security, especially in the use of closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras in security monitoring. Although significant advances in the field of computer vision are made, advanced face recognition systems provide satisfactory performance only in controlled conditions. They deteriorate significantly in the face of real-world scenarios such as lighting conditions, motion blur, camera resolution, etc. This article shows how we design, implement, and conduct the empirical comparisons of machine learning open libraries in building attendance taking (AT) support systems using indoor security cameras called ATSS. Our trial system was deployed to record the appearances of 120 students in five classes who study on the third floor of FPT Polytechnic College building. Our design allows for flexible system scaling, and it is not only usable for a school but a generic attendance system with CCTV. The measurement results show that the accuracy is suitable for many different environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym12020307
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Changes in Community Composition of Tropical Evergreen Forests during Succession in Ta Dung National Park, Central Highlands of Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Forests Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2020-12-18), p. 1358-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2020-12-18), p. 1358-
    Abstract: Degradation of tropical forests is a major driver of the global extinction crisis. A key question is understanding the role of evolution history during forest succession in the context of forest restoration for maintaining ecosystem function and stability. This study was conducted in a fragmented forest landscape in the central highlands of Vietnam. We sampled living trees with diameters at breast height of ≥6.0 cm in nineteen 0.25 ha plots to evaluate forest community structure changes over two early successional stages ( 〈 10 years and 10–20 years old) after abandonment and old-growth. We used both statistically metric and nonmetric analyses to examine correlations of community composition during successional stages and along elevational gradients. We found that (i) significant differences existed in the structural compositions between early successional forests and old-growth forests, but did not exist within early successional forests; (ii) the phylogenetic structure shifted from overdispersion to clustering with increasing successional ages; and (iii) above-ground biomass (AGB), representing ecosystem functioning, significantly increased from early-to-late successional stages, but did not correlate with phylogenetic diversity or elevation. Our results revealed that the forest community structure was strongly affected by degradation, particularly AGB and phylogenetic structure. These findings have clear implications for sustaining biodiversity persistence and ecosystem functioning in human-modified landscapes in the study region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f11121358
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Low-Cost Carbon Fibre Derived from Sustainable Coal Tar Pitch and Polyacrylonitrile: Fabrication and Characterisation
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2019-04-18), p. 1281-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2019-04-18), p. 1281-
    Abstract: Preparation of high-value pitch-based carbon fibres (CFs) from mesophase pitch precursor is of great importance towards low-cost CFs. Herein, we developed a method to reduce the cost of CFs precursor through incorporating high loading of coal tar pitch (CTP) into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer solution. The CTP with a loading of 25% and 50% was blended with PAN and their spinnability was examined by electrospinning process. The effect of CTP on thermal stabilization and carbonisation of PAN fibres was investigated by thermal analyses methods. Moreover, electrospun PAN/CTP fibres were carbonised at two different temperatures i.e., 850 °C and 1200 °C and their crystallographic structures of resulting such low-cost PAN/CTP CFs were studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analyses. Compared to pure PAN CFs, the electrical resistivity of PAN/25% CTP CFs significantly decreased by 92%, reaching 1.6 kΩ/sq. The overall results showed that PAN precursor containing 25% CTP resulted in balanced properties in terms of spinnability, thermal and structural properties. It is believed that CTP has a great potential to be used as an additive for PAN precursor and will pave the way for cost-reduced and high-performance CFs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12081281
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 9
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    Forest Cover Change, Households’ Livelihoods, Trade-Offs, and Constraints Associated with Plantation Forests in Poor Upland-Rural Landscapes: Evidence from North Central Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Forests Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2020-05-13), p. 548-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2020-05-13), p. 548-
    Abstract: Vietnam’s forests have experienced a notable transformation over the past 20 years from net deforestation to reforestation and expanding forests. Continued reforestation that aims to achieve further economic and environmental benefits remains a national priority and strategy. We explore the current status of plantation forests and highlight possible means to facilitate their expansion in the uplands of Vietnam. We employ mixed method triangulation to empirically explore plantation forests and their economic role in household livelihood, to quantify trade-offs between plantation forests and shifting cultivation, and to assess the constraints on plantation forest expansion in Nghe An province, north-central Vietnam. Results show that forest in the study area expanded by 406,000 ha (71.1%) between 1990 and 2016. Plantation forests increased by nearly 500% (from 32,000 ha to 190,000 ha), while natural forests expanded by 48.1% (from 538,000 ha to 797,000 ha). Plantation forests contributed an average of 35.1 percent of total household income in wealthier households and 27.9 percent of income in poor households. Switching from shifting cultivation to plantation forests would increase total household income and average carbon stock but decrease food provision. Total Economic Value would be higher for plantation forest scenarios if increased carbon stocks in plantations can be monetized. This carbon income might drive conversion of shifting cultivation to plantation forests. Constraints on further expansion of plantation forest are low external cooperation, education, market stability, and agroforestry extension services. Our empirical results inform national plantation forest development, sustainable upland livelihood development, and climate change mitigation programs to ultimately facilitate forest transition and improve the resilience and sustainability of socio-ecological systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f11050548
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 10
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    Biochar Improved Sugarcane Growth and Physiology under Salinity Stress
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 13 ( 2023-06-29), p. 7708-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 13 ( 2023-06-29), p. 7708-
    Abstract: Biochar is suggested as a conditioner for salt-affected soils for various crops. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar on the growth and physiology of sugarcane under saline and non-saline conditions at an early growth stage. The experiment was conducted in pots in the greenhouses with three replications. Three biochar rates (0, 5, and 10 tons ha−1) were applied before transplanting sugarcane seedlings into the pots. Four weeks after transplanting, plants were irrigated with 300 mL of 100 mM NaCl every two days for 2 weeks. Salinity significantly affected the growth and physiology of sugarcanes. The application of biochar increased plant height, shoot dry weight, root volume, root dry weight, Fv/Fm, and chlorophyll content while decreasing the water saturation deficit and the relative ion leakage in the leaves under both saline and non-saline conditions. Thus, biochar application has positive effects on the growth and physiology of sugarcane at an early growth stage under both saline and non-saline conditions. However, further study is suggested to investigate the effects of biochar on sugarcane under saline stress in the field at different growth stages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app13137708
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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