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  • MDPI AG  (218)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Transplantation and Microhabitat on Rhizosphere Microbial Communities during the Growth of American Ginseng
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-16), p. 1876-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-16), p. 1876-
    Abstract: Transplanting has been widely used in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) cultivation in Northwest China to mitigate the negative effects of continuous cropping obstacles. Because of the accumulation of pathogenic microorganisms and the change in soil properties, transplanting American ginseng to newly cultivated fields after two years of growth has become a major planting pattern. Despite transplanting improving the quality of American ginseng, the effects of soil properties and microbiota on growth during the transplanting process are poorly understood. In the present study, microbial communities, soil physico-chemical properties and morpho-physiological parameters were analyzed to investigate the effects of microbiota and soil characteristics on American ginseng growth in both soil and ginseng root microhabitats. Results indicated that the structure and species of bacterial and fungal communities changed significantly in different microhabitats before and after transplantation. Moreover, the assemblage process of the bacterial community was dominated by deterministic processes. The stochastic process ratio increased and niche breadth decreased significantly after transplanting. While the assembly of the fungal community was dominated by stochastic process, and there was no significant difference in NST, βNTI or niche breadth before and after transplanting. Bacterial co-occurrence networks demonstrated a higher connectivity but a lower aggregation in soil microhabitat, while the fungal community networks remained stable before and after transplantation. Gammaproteobacteria was the biomarker in the soil microhabitat, while Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were biomarkers in the ginseng root microhabitat. Sordariomycetes was a biomarker with high relative abundance in the fungal community before and after transplanting. The bacterial functional and important ASVs were significantly correlated with pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total potassium root fresh weight, taproot diameter and stem height of American ginseng. Partial least squares path modeling showed that soil properties significantly affected the formation of different microbial specific ASVs. The important functional ASVs in ginseng root microhabitat had a positive effect on American ginseng growth, while the rare taxa had a negative effect. Our results provide a good starting point for future studies of microbial community succession in different microhabitats influenced by the transplantation pattern of American ginseng.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13071876
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
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    Changing Abundance and Distribution of the Wintering Swan Goose Anser cygnoides in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Floodplain: An Investigation Combining a Field Survey with Satellite Telemetry
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2019-03-06), p. 1398-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2019-03-06), p. 1398-
    Abstract: Migratory waterbird communities are quick to respond to ecosystem degradation, and they are widely considered to be important bioindicators of complex environmental changes. The swan goose (Anser cygnoides) has been listed as a globally vulnerable species in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. This species currently winters almost exclusively in China and is mostly concentrated on lakes in the middle and lower catchment of the Yangtze River floodplain, especially in Poyang Lake, Jiangxi province and some sites in Anhui province. In the past few years, the population of A. cygnoides has fluctuated. To protect this fragile Anatidae species, long-term and accurate population estimation is both necessary and urgent. In this study, we evaluated the change in numbers and distribution of A. cygnoides by comparing surveys conducted in 2004 and 2005 with more recent ones conducted in 2015 and 2016. A reduction in the count number of this species occurred in the survey sites. After a statistical Mann-Whitney U test, the count numbers of A. cygnoides decreased significantly at the survey sites in Anhui province and the abundance decrease at the survey sites in Poyang Lake was only marginally significant. The inaccessibility of the new sites revealed by satellite tracking impeded a more prudent and comprehensive estimate of the population change. Satellite tracking technology may be a tool to consider for increasing the efficiency of data acquisition. Information transmitted from satellite tracking devices can help us to better understand the species’ behavior and wintering habitat. This technology has the potential to substitute costly and time-consuming field surveys. Conservation designs and management plans must be created for specific national nature reserves and key wintering sites. A more efficient long-term species monitoring system with improved spatial coverage should be conducted to safeguard wintering A. cygnoides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su11051398
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
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    Effects of Dietary Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Extract on Growth, Muscle Composition, Hepatopancreas Histology, Immune Responses and Microcystin-LR Resistance of Juvenile Red Claw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Fishes Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-12-28), p. 20-
    Details
    In: Fishes, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-12-28), p. 20-
    Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different doses of dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on juvenile red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). A total number of 720 red claw crayfish (initial body weight of 0.24 ± 0.01 g) were randomly assigned to six groups and fed diets containing 0 (Diet 1), 0.5 (Diet 2), 1 (Diet 3), 2 (Diet 4), 4 (Diet 5) and 10 (Diet 6) g dry weight (dw) ELE kg (dw)−1 diets for eight weeks and challenged with microcystin-LR stress. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with 1–2 g dw ELE kg (dw)−1 diet could significantly improve the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of crayfish. Muscle crude protein contents of crayfish fed Diet 2, Diet 3, and Diet 4 were significantly higher than those of the control group. Compared with the control group, dietary ELE could increase total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and phenoloxidase (PO) activities and decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) level of crayfish. Dietary ELE significantly increased the relative expression levels of SOD, thioredoxin 1 (TRX1), GPx, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) and C-type lysozyme (C-LZM) mRNA of crayfish compared with the control group during the feeding experiment. When subjected to MC-LR stress for 48 h, the mRNA expression levels of SOD, GPx, Se-GPx, glutathione-s-transferase 1 (GST1), ALF, hemocyanin (HEM), and C-LZM in the hepatopancreas could be improved to varying degrees compared with the Diet 1. Supplementation of 1–2 g dw ELE kg (dw)−1 diet could improve the survival rate (SR) of crayfish under MC-LR stress. These results indicated that dietary ELE (1–2 g dw ELE kg (dw)−1 diet) could improve the growth performance, muscle protein, and non-specific immune response and increase the SR of crayfish under MC-LR stress by regulating the mRNA expression levels of the immune- and antioxidant-related genes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2410-3888
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fishes8010020
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2932929-2
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  • 4
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    NF-YB-Mediated Active Responses of Plant Growth under Salt and Temperature Stress in Eucalyptus grandis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Plants Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2021-05-31), p. 1107-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2021-05-31), p. 1107-
    Abstract: The transcription factor NF-YB (nuclear factor-YB) family is a subfamily of the nuclear factor Y (NF-Y), which plays an important role in regulating plant growth, development and participates in various stress responses. Although the NF-Y family has been studied in many species, it is still obscure in Eucalyptus grandis. In this study, 23 EgNF-YB genes in eucalyptus were identified and unevenly distributed on 11 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed the EgNF-YB genes were divided into two clades, LEC-1 type and non-LEC1 type. The evolution of distinct clades was relatively conservative, the gene structures were analogous, and the differences of genetic structures among clades were small. The expression profiles showed that the distinct EgNF-YB genes were highly expressed in diverse tissues, and EgNF-YB4/6/13/19/23 functioned in response to salinity, heat and cold stresses. Our study characterized the phylogenetic relationship, gene structures and expression patterns of EgNF-YB gene family and investigated their potential roles in abiotic stress responses, which provides solid foundations for further functional analysis of NF-YB genes in eucalyptus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants10061107
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 5
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    The Prognosis-Predictive and Immunoregulatory Role of SUMOylation Related Genes: Potential Novel Targets in Prostate Cancer Treatment
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 17 ( 2023-09-02), p. 13603-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 17 ( 2023-09-02), p. 13603-
    Abstract: SUMOylation is an important part of post-translational protein modifications and regulates thousands of proteins in a dynamic manner. The dysregulation of SUMOylation is detected in many cancers. However, the comprehensive role of SUMOylation in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Using 174 SUMOylation-related genes (SRGs) from the MigDSB database and the transcript data of PCa from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we constructed a SUMOylation-related risk score and correlated it with prognosis, tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor microenvironment (TME) infiltration, and response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Moreover, we validated two vital SRGs by RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Two vital SRGs (DNMT3B and NUP210) were finally selected. The risk score based on these genes exhibited excellent predictive efficacy in predicting the biochemical recurrence (BCR) of PCa. A nomogram involving the risk score and T stage was established to further explore the clinical value of the risk score. We found the high-score group was correlated with worse prognosis, higher TMB, a more suppressive immune microenvironment, and a better response to Docetaxel but worse to PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade. Meanwhile, we validated the significantly higher expression level of NUP210 in PCa at mRNA and protein levels. This study elucidated the comprehensive role of SUMOylation-related genes in PCa. Importantly, we highlighted the role of an important SRG, NUP210, in PCa, which might be a promising target in PCa treatment. A better understanding of SUMOylation and utilizing the SUMOylation risk score could aid in precision medicine and improve the prognosis of PCa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713603
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Sorafenib-Loaded Cu2−xSe Nanoparticles Boost Photothermal–Synergistic Targeted Therapy against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2022-09-14), p. 3191-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2022-09-14), p. 3191-
    Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the predominant form of liver malignancy and presents a leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Sorafenib (SOR), a first-line targeted drug for advanced HCC treatment, has a battery of untoward side effects. Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been utilized as an effective adjuvant in synergy with other approaches. However, little is known about the tumoricidal efficacy of combining SOR with PTT for HCC. Herein, a novel versatile nanoparticle, Cu2−xSe@SOR@PEG (CSP), that is based on a photothermal Cu2−xSe core and SOR for simultaneously reinforcing PTT and reducing the adverse effects of SOR was constructed. The synthesized CSP exhibited a remarkably enhanced therapeutic effect upon 808 nm laser irradiation via dampening HCC cell propagation and metastasis and propelling cell apoptosis. The intravenous administration of CSP substantially suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft tumor mouse model. It was noted that the CSP manifested low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility. Together, this work indicates a promising and versatile tool that is based on synergistic PTT and molecular-targeted therapy for HCC management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12183191
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 7
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    Researches on the Macro- and Micro-Structures and Properties of the Vertical Bending Continuous Casted AA6063 Thin Slabs and Their As-Rolled Sheets
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Metals Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-12), p. 1937-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-12), p. 1937-
    Abstract: A 6063 aluminum alloy thin slab with a cross-section of 260 × 40 mm2 was prepared by a vertical bending continuous casting (VC) process. The effects of homogenization, hot rolling and subsequent heat treatments on the microstructure and properties of the as-cast slabs and as-rolled sheets were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), field emission electron probe (EPMA), macro- and micro-structure observation and tensile tests. The results show that the as-cast structure of AA 6063 was dominated by fine and uniform equiaxed grains. After homogenization, all Mg2Si phases dissolved back, and the Fe-containing intermetallic phases changed from acicular β-Al5FeSi phase to spherical α-Al8Fe2Si phase. Homogenizing heat treatment before hot rolling can improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. However, in the case of direct rolling without homogenization, the alloy still has good mechanical properties; the strength and plasticity are comparable to that obtained through traditional direct chill (DC) casting, homogenizing and extruding processes, indicating that the VC process has the potential to realize continuous casting and rolling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met12111937
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 8
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    MEMS-Based Reflective Intensity-Modulated Fiber-Optic Sensor for Pressure Measurements
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 8 ( 2020-04-15), p. 2233-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 8 ( 2020-04-15), p. 2233-
    Abstract: A reflective intensity-modulated fiber-optic sensor based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for pressure measurements is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor consists of two multimode optical fibers with a spherical end, a quartz tube with dual holes, a silicon sensitive diaphragm, and a high borosilicate glass substrate (HBGS). The integrated sensor has a high sensitivity due to the MEMS technique and the spherical end of the fiber. The results show that the sensor achieves a pressure sensitivity of approximately 0.139 mV/kPa. The temperature coefficient of the proposed sensor is about 0.87 mV/°C over the range of 20 °C to 150 °C. Furthermore, due to the intensity mechanism, the sensor has a relatively simple demodulation system and can respond to high-frequency pressure in real time. The dynamic response of the sensor was verified in a 1 kHz sinusoidal pressure environment at room temperature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20082233
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
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    An LC Wireless Passive Pressure Sensor Based on Single-Crystal MgO MEMS Processing Technique for High Temperature Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sensors Vol. 21, No. 19 ( 2021-10-03), p. 6602-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 19 ( 2021-10-03), p. 6602-
    Abstract: An LC wireless passive pressure sensor based on a single-crystalline magnesium oxide (MgO) MEMS processing technique is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for applications in environmental conditions of 900 °C. Compared to other high-temperature resistant materials, MgO was selected as the sensor substrate material for the first time in the field of wireless passive sensing because of its ultra-high melting point (2800 °C) and excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. The sensor mainly consists of inductance coils and an embedded sealed cavity. The cavity length decreases with the applied pressure, leading to a monotonic variation in the resonant frequency of the sensor, which can be retrieved wirelessly via a readout antenna. The capacitor cavity was fabricated using a MgO MEMS technique. This MEMS processing technique, including the wet chemical etching and direct bonding process, can improve the operating temperature of the sensor. The experimental results indicate that the proposed sensor can stably operate at an ambient environment of 22–900 °C and 0–700 kPa, and the pressure sensitivity of this sensor at room temperature is 14.52 kHz/kPa. In addition, the sensor with a simple fabrication process shows high potential for practical engineering applications in harsh environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s21196602
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 10
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    Resveratrol in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates Hypertension by Regulation of ROS and Neurotransmitters
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-10-07), p. 4177-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-10-07), p. 4177-
    Abstract: Background: The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an important nucleus in the brain that plays a key role in regulating sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure. Silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (sirtuin1, SIRT1) not only protects cardiovascular function but also reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in the periphery. However, its role in the central regulation of hypertension remains unknown. It is hypothesized that SIRT1 activation by resveratrol may reduce SNA and lower blood pressure through the regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neurotransmitters in the PVN. Methods: The two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) method was used to induce renovascular hypertension in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Then, bilaterally injections of vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, aCSF, 0.4 μL) or resveratrol (a SIRT1 agonist, 160 μmol/L, 0.4 μL) into rat PVN were performed for four weeks. Results: PVN SIRT1 expression was lower in the hypertension group than the sham surgery (SHAM) group. Activated SIRT1 within the PVN lowered systolic blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels. It was found that PVN of 2K1C animals injected with resveratrol exhibited increased expression of SIRT1, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), as well as decreased activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX), particularly NOX4. Treatment with resveratrol also decreased expression of ROS and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Conclusion: Resveratrol within the PVN attenuates hypertension via the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway to decrease ROS and restore the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14194177
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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