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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Response of Olive Shoots to Salinity Stress Suggests the Involvement of Sulfur Metabolism
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Plants Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-02-12), p. 350-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-02-12), p. 350-
    Abstract: Global warming has two dangerous global consequences for agriculture: drought, due to water scarcity, and salinization, due to the prolonged use of water containing high concentrations of salts. Since the global climate is projected to continue to change over this century and beyond, choosing salt-tolerant plants could represent a potential paramount last resort for exploiting the secondary saline soils. Olive is considered moderately resistant to soil salinity as compared to other fruit trees, and in the present study, we investigated the influence of NaCl solutions (ranging from 0 to 200 mM) in a salt-tolerant (cv Canino) and two of its transgenic lines (Canino AT17-1 and Canino AT17-2), overexpressing tobacco osmotin gene, and in a salt-sensitive (Sirole) olive cultivar. After four weeks, most of the shoots of both Canino and Sirole plants showed stunted growth and ultimate leaf drop by exposure to salt-enriched media, contrary to transgenic lines, that did not show injuries and exhibited a normal growth rate. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was also measured as an indicator of the lipid peroxidation level. To evaluate the role of the S assimilatory pathway in alleviating the adverse effects of salt stress, thiols levels as well as extractable activities of ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) and O-acetyl serine(thiol)lyase (OASTL), the first and the last enzyme of the S assimilation pathway, respectively, have been estimated. The results have clearly depicted that both transgenic lines overexpressing osmotin gene coped with increasing levels of NaCl by the induction of S metabolism, and particularly increase in OASTL activity closely paralleled changes of NaCl concentration. Linear correlation between salt stress and OASTL activity provides evidence that the S assimilation pathway plays a key role in adaptive response of olive plants under salt stress conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants10020350
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in Reproductive Biology
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Current Issues in Molecular Biology
    Details
    In: Current Issues in Molecular Biology, MDPI AG
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1467-3037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21775/cimb.026.093
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2090836-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Autonomous Vision-Based Primary Distribution Systems Porcelain Insulators Inspection Using UAVs
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sensors Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2021-02-02), p. 974-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2021-02-02), p. 974-
    Abstract: The early detection of damaged (partially broken) outdoor insulators in primary distribution systems is of paramount importance for continuous electricity supply and public safety. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) present a safer, autonomous, and efficient way to examine the power system components without closing the power distribution system. In this work, a novel dataset is designed by capturing real images using UAVs and manually generated images collected to overcome the data insufficiency problem. A deep Laplacian pyramid-based super-resolution network is implemented to reconstruct high-resolution training images. To improve the visibility of low-light images, a low-light image enhancement technique is used for the robust exposure correction of the training images. A different fine-tuning strategy is implemented for fine-tuning the object detection model to increase detection accuracy for the specific faulty insulators. Several flight path strategies are proposed to overcome the shuttering effect of insulators, along with providing a less complex and time- and energy-efficient approach for capturing a video stream of the power system components. The performance of different object detection models is presented for selecting the most suitable one for fine-tuning on the specific faulty insulator dataset. For the detection of damaged insulators, our proposed method achieved an F1-score of 0.81 and 0.77 on two different datasets and presents a simple and more efficient flight strategy. Our approach is based on real aerial inspection of in-service porcelain insulators by extensive evaluation of several video sequences showing robust fault recognition and diagnostic capabilities. Our approach is demonstrated on data acquired by a drone in Swat, Pakistan.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s21030974
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Osmotin: A Cationic Protein Leads to Improve Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Plants Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2020-08-04), p. 992-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2020-08-04), p. 992-
    Abstract: Research on biologically active compounds has been increased in order to improve plant protection against various environmental stresses. Among natural sources, plants are the fundamental material for studying these bioactive compounds as their immune system consists of many peptides, proteins, and hormones. Osmotin is a multifunctional stress-responsive protein belonging to pathogenesis-related 5 (PR-5) defense-related protein family, which is involved in inducing osmo-tolerance in plants. In this scenario, the accumulation of osmotin initiates abiotic and biotic signal transductions. These proteins work as antifungal agents against a broad range of fungal species by increasing plasma membrane permeability and dissipating the membrane potential of infecting fungi. Therefore, overexpression of tobacco osmotin protein in transgenic plants protects them from different stresses by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, limiting lipid peroxidation, initiating programmed cell death (PCD), and increasing proline content and scavenging enzyme activity. Other than osmotin, its homologous proteins, osmotin-like proteins (OLPs), also have dual function in plant defense against osmotic stress and have strong antifungal activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants9080992
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 5
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    A Review of CRISPR-Based Genome Editing: Survival, Evolution and Challenges
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Current Issues in Molecular Biology
    Details
    In: Current Issues in Molecular Biology, MDPI AG
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1467-3037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21775/cimb.028.047
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2090836-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Evaluation of Dried Citrus Pulp Addition to Total Mixed Ration in Replacement to Corn on Mutton Goat Performance and Health Indices
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2023-04-13), p. 6584-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2023-04-13), p. 6584-
    Abstract: Due to the human population explosion, demand for food, especially meat, has also increased. Increasing mutton production, in this scenario, is one way to mitigate this emerging issue as it nourishes a large human population. However, its production is challenging due to high feeding costs. This study was executed to develop cost-effective feed for mutton goat production by adding dried citrus pulp to the total mixed ration. Citrus pulp was used as an energy source instead of corn grain. A total of 12 bucks were divided into 4 groups, each having 3 animals. After 21 days of adaptation, bucks were assigned to experimental groups. The experimental groups were designated as A, B, C and D. They were fed TMR with 0, 10, 15 and 20% dried citrus pulp, respectively, as a replacement for corn grain for 90 days. The effect of the dried citrus pulp inclusion on the bucks’ growth performance such as feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio was evaluated on weekly basis. Hematological and biochemical parameters including total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, complete blood count and serum antioxidant (catalase) activity were also determined. Results indicated that all hematological and biochemical parameters showed non-significant differences among the control and treatment groups. Weekly weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were equal in corn based as well as in dried citrus pulp-based diet with a lower feeding cost for the latter. It is concluded that the use of dried citrus pulp up to 20% as a replacement of corn in ration of fattening bucks is economical to use without any adverse effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15086584
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
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    ISSR-Based Genetic Diversity Assessment of Genus Jasminum L. (Oleaceae) from Pakistan
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Plants Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-06-22), p. 1270-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-06-22), p. 1270-
    Abstract: The genus Jasminum L., of the family Oleaceae, includes many species occurring in the wild, or cultivated worldwide. A preliminary investigation based on inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) was performed to assess the genetic diversity among 28 accessions, representing nine species of Jasminum from various regions, representing a range of altitudes in Pakistan. A total of 21 ISSR primers were used, which produced 570 amplified bands of different sizes, with a mean polymorphic band percentage of 98.26%. The maximum resolving power, polymorphism information content, and index values of the ISSR markers recorded for primers 6, 16, and 19 were 0.40, 12.32, and 24.21, respectively. Based on the data of the ISSR markers, the resulting UPGMA dendrogram with the Jaccard coefficient divided the 28 accessions into two main clades. At the species level, the highest values for Shannon’s information index, polymorphism percentage, effective allele number, Nei’s genetic variations, and genetic unbiased diversity were found in Jasminum sambac L. and J. humile L., while the lowest were observed in J. mesnyi Hance and J. nitidum Skan. Based on Nei’s unbiased genetic identity pairwise population matrix, the maximum identity (0.804) was observed between J. elongatum Willd and J. multiflorum (Burm. f.) Andrews, and the lowest (0.566) between J. nitidum Skan. and J. azoricum L. Molecular variance analysis displayed a genetic variation of 79% among the nine populations. The study was aimed to established genetic diversity in Jasminum species using ISSR markers. With the help of this technique, we were able to establish immense intra- and interspecific diversity across the Jasminum species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants10071270
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Molecular Evolution of the Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein (BPIFA1) Regulating the Innate Immune Responses in Mammals
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Genes Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 15-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 15-
    Abstract: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, a primary factor of the innate immune system of mammals, participates in natural immune protection against invading bacteria. BPIFA1 actively contributes to host defense via multiple mechanisms, such as antibacterial, surfactant, airway surface liquid control, and immunomodulatory activities. However, the evolutionary history and selection forces on the BPIFA1 gene in mammals during adaptive evolution are poorly understood. This study examined the BPIFA1 gene of humans compared with that of other mammalian species to estimate the selective pressure derived by adaptive evolution. To assess whether or not positive selection occurred, we employed several different possibility tests (M1 vs. M2 and M7 vs. M8). The proportions of positively selected sites were significant, with a likelihood log value of 93.63 for the BPIFA1 protein. The Selecton server was used on the same dataset to reconfirm positive selection for specific sites by employing the Mechanistic-Empirical Combination model, thus providing additional evidence supporting the findings of positive selection. There was convincing evidence for positive selection signals in the BPIFA1 genes of mammalian species, which was more significant for selection signs and creating signals. We performed probability tests comparing various models based on dN/dS ratios to recognize specific codons under positive selection pressure. We identified positively selected sites in the LBP-BPI domain of BPIFA1 proteins in the mammalian genome, including a lipid-binding domain with a very high degree of selectivity for DPPC. BPIFA1 activates the upper airway’s innate immune system in response to numerous genetic signals in the mammalian genome. These findings highlight evolutionary advancements in immunoregulatory effects that play a significant role in the antibacterial and antiviral defenses of mammalian species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes14010015
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis of CXCR4 Protein Reveals New Insights into Its Role in Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases in Mammals
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-03-16), p. 671-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-03-16), p. 671-
    Abstract: Chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in immune system function and disease processes. Our study aims to conduct a comparative structural and phylogenetic analysis of the CXCR4 protein to gain insights into its role in emerging and re-emerging diseases that impact the health of mammals. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of CXCR4 genes across a wide range of mammalian species. The phylogenetic study showed species-specific evolutionary patterns. Our analysis revealed novel insights into the evolutionary history of CXCR4, including genetic changes that may have led to functional differences in the protein. This study revealed that the structural homologous human proteins and mammalian CXCR4 shared many characteristics. We also examined the three-dimensional structure of CXCR4 and its interactions with other molecules in the cell. Our findings provide new insights into the genomic landscape of CXCR4 in the context of emerging and re-emerging diseases, which could inform the development of more effective treatments or prevention strategies. Overall, our study sheds light on the vital role of CXCR4 in mammalian health and disease, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for various diseases impacting human and animal health. These findings provided insight into the study of human immunological disorders by indicating that Chemokines may have activities identical to or similar to those in humans and several mammalian species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030671
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Studies on Colchicine Induced Chromosome Doubling for Enhancement of Quality Traits in Ornamental Plants
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Plants Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2019-06-28), p. 194-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2019-06-28), p. 194-
    Abstract: Polyploidy has the utmost importance in horticulture for the development of new ornamental varieties with desirable morphological traits referring to plant size and vigor, leaf thickness, larger flowers with thicker petals, intense color of leaves and flowers, long lasting flowers, compactness, dwarfness and restored fertility. Polyploidy may occur naturally due to the formation of unreduced gametes or can be artificially induced by doubling the number of chromosomes in somatic cells. Usually, natural polyploid plants are unavailable, so polyploidy is induced synthetically with the help of mitotic inhibitors. Colchicine is a widely used mitotic inhibitor for the induction of polyploidy in plants during their cell division by inhibiting the chromosome segregation. Different plant organs like seeds, apical meristems, flower buds, and roots can be used to induce polyploidy through many application methods such as dipping/soaking, dropping or cotton wool. Flow cytometry and chromosome counting, with an observation of morphological and physiological traits are routine procedures for the determination of ploidy level in plants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants8070194
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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