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  • MDPI AG  (203)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinical Practice of Targeted Capture Sequencing to Identify Actionable Alterations in Cholangiocarcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-16), p. 5062-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-16), p. 5062-
    Abstract: The early diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remain a challenge worldwide. Genetic testing promises to solve these problems. Due to the different mutation landscapes across populations and the paucity of sequencing data of Chinese patients with CCA, the existing mutation landscape is insufficient to reflect the mutation characteristics of Chinese patients. Thus, we retrospectively analyzed 72 Chinese patients with CCA who had received genetic testing of targeted capture sequencing. A total of 2152 somatic mutations were detected in 56 (77.78%) patients, of which, the frequently mutated driver genes were TP53 (27.78%), KMT2D (23.81%), KMT2C (20.63%), BCOR (18.06%), APC (15.28%), BAP1 (13.89%), ARID1A (12.50%), NF1 (12.50%), PIK3CA (12.50%), KRAS (11.11%), and LRP1B (11.11%). Most mutations were enriched in NRF2, TP53, and TGF-Beta oncogenic signaling pathways and cadherin repeat domains which were associated with intercellular adhesion. Based on cancer-related public databases and multiple protein function prediction algorithms, we identified 118 novel pathogenic or likely pathogenic somatic mutations and 77 actionable alterations. Molecular analysis of tumors from a precision oncology perspective can provide potential targets for early diagnosis and treatment of CCA and assist physicians in clinical decision making.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205062
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study on the Mechanical Properties of Silty Clay Sediments with Nodular Hydrate Occurrence
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2022-08-01), p. 1059-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2022-08-01), p. 1059-
    Abstract: Natural gas hydrates are a strategic energy resource in China. The China Geological Survey has discovered segregated hydrate mass formations under the seepage mechanism in the South China Sea through exploration, and gas hydrates occur in nodular, massive, and vein formations in silty clay sediment. Previous work has focused on the analysis of sediment mechanical properties with respect to the uniform distribution of natural gas hydrates in pore spaces, but the mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments containing segregated hydrate masses are not well understood. Spherical hydrates are used to characterize nodular hydrates, a method is proposed for the preparation of sediment samples containing segregated hydrates masses, and a series of triaxial compression tests are carried out on the samples containing spherical hydrates with two kinds of particle sizes at a certain volume fraction. The paper presents triaxial stress–strain curves for the samples containing spherical hydrates. A model for predicting elastic modulus is established. The results present two distinct stages in the triaxial compression tests of silty clay sediments containing spherical hydrates; they also show that the elastic moduli predicted by the model are in good agreement with the experimental results when the model parameters are set at α = 0.5 and β = −0.21. These results provide fundamental mechanical parameters for the safety evaluation of strata containing segregated gas hydrates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse10081059
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing Habitat Suitability of Parasitic Plant Cistanche deserticola in Northwest China under Future Climate Scenarios
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Forests Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2019-09-19), p. 823-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2019-09-19), p. 823-
    Abstract: Cistanche deserticola Ma, a perennial parasitic herb of family Orobanchaceae, is mainly parasitic on the roots of the Haloxylon ammodendron Bunge. In view of this special parasitic relationship, we applied random forest (RF) model to forecast potential geographic distribution, and developed a comprehensive habitat suitability model by integrating bioclimatic and soil factors to assess the suitable distribution of C. deserticola and H. ammodendron across China in 2050s and 2070s under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, respectively. We modeled the core potential geographic distribution of C. deserticola by overlaying the distribution of these two species, and analyzed the spatial distribution pattern and migration trend of C. deserticola by using the standard deviational ellipse. In addition, we evaluated the accuracy of RF model through three evaluation indexes, and analyzed the dominant climate factors. The results showed that the core potential distribution areas of C. deserticola are distributed in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the junction of Shaanxi–Gansu–Ningxia provinces, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The spatial dispersion would intensify with the increasing of emission scenarios, and the geographical habitat is moving towards higher latitude. Among the three evaluation indexes, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and True Skill Statistic (TSS) have better assessment results. The main bioclimatic factors affecting the distribution are min temperature of coldest month (Bio6), annual precipitation (Bio12), precipitation of wettest month (Bio13), precipitation of wettest quarter (Bio16), and precipitation of warmest quarter (Bio18), among which the importance of precipitation factors is greater than temperature factors. More importantly, the results of this study could provide some guidance for the improvement of desert forest system, the protection of endangered species and the further improvement of the ecological environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f10090823
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-Precision Drilling by Anchor-Drilling Robot Based on Hybrid Visual Servo Control in Coal Mine
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Mathematics Vol. 12, No. 13 ( 2024-07-01), p. 2059-
    Details
    In: Mathematics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 13 ( 2024-07-01), p. 2059-
    Abstract: Rock bolting is a commonly used method for stabilizing the surrounding rock in coal-mine roadways. It involves installing rock bolts after drilling, which penetrate unstable rock layers, binding loose rocks together, enhancing the stability of the surrounding rock, and controlling its deformation. Although recent progress in drilling and anchoring equipment has significantly enhanced the efficiency of roof support in coal mines and improved safety measures, how to deal with drilling rigs’ misalignment with the through-hole center remains a big issue, which may potentially compromise the quality of drilling and consequently affect the effectiveness of bolt support or even result in failure. To address this challenge, this article presents a robotic teleoperation system alongside a hybrid visual servo control strategy. Addressing the demand for high precision and efficiency in aligning the drilling rigs with the center of the drilling hole, a hybrid control strategy is introduced combining position-based and image-based visual servo control. The former facilitates an effective approach to the target area, while the latter ensures high-precision alignment with the center of the drilling hole. The robot teleoperation system employs the binocular vision measurement system to accurately determine the position and orientation of the drilling-hole center, which serves as the designated target position for the drilling rig. Leveraging the displacement and angle sensor information installed on each joint of the manipulator, the system utilizes the kinematic model of the manipulator to compute the spatial position of the end-effector. It dynamically adjusts the spatial pose of the end-effector in real time, aligning it with the target position relative to its current location. Additionally, it utilizes monocular vision information to fine-tune the movement speed and direction of the end-effector, ensuring rapid and precise alignment with the target drilling-hole center. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can control the maximum alignment error within 7 mm, significantly enhancing the alignment accuracy compared to manual control. Compared with the manual control method, the average error of this method is reduced by 41.2%, and the average duration is reduced by 4.3 s. This study paves a new path for high-precision drilling and anchoring of tunnel roofs, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of roof support while mitigating the challenges associated with significant errors and compromised safety during manual control processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-7390
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/math12132059
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704244-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Non-Pessimistic Predictions of the Distributions and Suitability of Metasequoia glyptostroboides under Climate Change Using a Random Forest Model
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Forests Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2020-01-04), p. 62-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2020-01-04), p. 62-
    Abstract: Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W. C. Cheng, which is a remarkable rare relict plant, has gradually been reduced to its current narrow range due to climate change. Understanding the comprehensive distribution of M. glyptostroboides under climate change on a large spatio-temporal scale is of great significance for determining its forest adaptation. In this study, based on 394 occurrence data and 10 bioclimatic variables, the global potential distribution of M. glyptostroboides under eight different climate scenarios (i.e., the past three, the current one, and the next four) from the Quaternary glacial to the future was simulated by a random forest model built with the biomod2 package. The key bioclimatic variables affecting the distribution of M. glyptostroboides are BIO2 (mean diurnal range), BIO1 (annual mean temperature), BIO9 (mean temperature of driest quarter), BIO6 (min temperature of coldest month), and BIO18 (precipitation of warmest quarter). The result indicates that the temperature affects the potential distribution of M. glyptostroboides more than the precipitation. A visualization of the results revealed that the current relatively suitable habitats of M. glyptostroboides are mainly distributed in East Asia and Western Europe, with a total area of approximately 6.857 × 106 km2. With the intensification of global warming in the future, the potential distribution and the suitability of M. glyptostroboides have a relatively non-pessimistic trend. Whether under the mild (RCP4.5) and higher (RCP8.5) emission scenarios, the total area of suitable habitats will be wider than it is now by the 2070s, and the habitat suitability will increase to varying degrees within a wide spatial range. After speculating on the potential distribution of M. glyptostroboides in the past, the glacial refugia of M. glyptostroboides were inferred, and projections regarding the future conditions of these places are expected to be optimistic. In order to better protect the species, the locations of its priority protected areas and key protected areas, mainly in Western Europe and East Asia, were further identified. Our results will provide theoretical reference for the long-term management of M. glyptostroboides, and can be used as background information for the restoration of other endangered species in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f11010062
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Global Potential Distribution of Invasive Plants: Anredera cordifolia under Climate Change and Human Activity Based on Random Forest Models
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2020-02-17), p. 1491-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2020-02-17), p. 1491-
    Abstract: The potential distribution of the invasive plant Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis was predicted by Random Forest models under current and future climate-change pathways (i.e., RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 of 2050s and the 2070s). Pearson correlations were used to select variables; the prediction accuracy of the models was evaluated by using AUC, Kappa, and TSS. The results show that suitable future distribution areas are mainly in Southeast Asia, Eastern Oceania, a few parts of Eastern Africa, Southern North America, and Eastern South America. Temperature is the key climatic factor affecting the distribution of A. cordifolia. Important metrics include mean temperature of the coldest quarter (0.3 °C ≤ Bio11 ≤ 22.9 °C), max temperature of the warmest month (17.1 °C ≤ Bio5 ≤ 35.5 °C), temperature annual range (10.7 °C ≤ Bio7 ≤ 33 °C), annual mean air temperature (6.8 °C ≤ Bio1 ≤ 24.4 °C), and min temperature of coldest month (−2.8 °C ≤ Bio6 ≤ 17.2 °C). Only one precipitation index (Bio19) was important, precipitation of coldest quarter (7 mm ≤ Bio19 ≤ 631 mm). In addition, areas with strong human activities are most prone to invasion. This species is native to Brazil, but has been introduced in Asia, where it is widely planted and has escaped from cultivation. Under the future climate scenarios, suitable habitat areas of A. cordifolia will expand to higher latitudes. This study can provide a reference for the rational management and control of A. cordifolia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su12041491
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CSES-01 Electron Density Background Characterisation and Preliminary Investigation of Possible Ne Increase before Global Seismicity
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2023-10-02), p. 1527-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2023-10-02), p. 1527-
    Abstract: In this paper, we provide a characterisation of the ionosphere from April 2018 to September 2022 for 48 investigated months. We used the data of the China Seismo Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01), which is a sun-synchronous satellite with five days of revisit time and fixed local time of about 2 a.m. and 2 p.m. The unique orbit of CSES-01 permitted us to produce a monthly background of the ionosphere for night- and daytime with median values acquired during geomagnetic quiet time in equatorial and mid-latitude regions (i.e., between 50° S and 50° N of geographical latitude). We compared the obtained CSES-01 monthly median values with the solar activity in terms of sunspot numbers, and we found a high correlation of 0.89 for nighttime and 0.85 for daytime between the mean sunspot number and the maximum of the characterised CSES-01 Ne map values. In addition, we extracted all the anomalous positive increases in CSES-01 electron density and compared them with the Worldwide M5.5+ shallow earthquakes. We tested two different definitions of anomaly based on median and interquartile range or (mild) outliers. We tried two relationships between anomalies inside Dobrovolsky’s area before the earthquake and the magnitude of the same seismic events: one which considers distance in space and time and a second which only uses the anticipation time of the anomaly before the earthquake. Using both anomaly definitions, we searched the best coefficients for these two laws for mid-latitude and equational regions. We found that the best coefficients are independent of the anomaly definition, but better accuracy (greater than 80%) is obtained for the outlier definition. Finally, using receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we show that CSES-01 increases seem statistically correlated to the incoming seismic activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos14101527
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Bio-Inspired Spiking Neural Network with Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning for Gas Recognition
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2023-02-22), p. 2433-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2023-02-22), p. 2433-
    Abstract: The sensitivity and selectivity profiles of gas sensors are always changed by sensor drifting, sensor aging, and the surroundings (e.g., temperature and humidity changes), which lead to a serious decline in gas recognition accuracy or even invalidation. To address this issue, the practical solution is to retrain the network to maintain performance, leveraging its rapid, incremental online learning capacity. In this paper, we develop a bio-inspired spiking neural network (SNN) to recognize nine types of flammable and toxic gases, which supports few-shot class-incremental learning, and can be retrained quickly with a new gas at a low accuracy cost. Compared with gas recognition approaches such as support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), principal component analysis (PCA) +SVM, PCA+KNN, and artificial neural network (ANN), our network achieves the highest accuracy of 98.75% in five-fold cross-validation for identifying nine types of gases, each with five different concentrations. In particular, the proposed network has a 5.09% higher accuracy than that of other gas recognition algorithms, which validates its robustness and effectiveness for real-life fire scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23052433
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clues of Lithosphere, Atmosphere and Ionosphere Variations Possibly Related to the Preparation of La Palma 19 September 2021 Volcano Eruption
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-10-08), p. 5001-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-10-08), p. 5001-
    Abstract: On 19 September 2021, La Palma Cumbre Vieja Volcano started an eruption classified as Volcanic Explosive Index (VEI) 3. In this study, at least the six months prior to such an event have been investigated to search for possible lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere bottom-up interactions. The lithosphere has been analysed in terms of seismicity getting advantages from the high-density local seismic network. Possible atmospheric alterations related to the volcano emissions or release of gases due to the uplift of the magmatic chamber have been searched in SO2, aerosol, dimethyl sulphide, and CO. The magnetic field on Earth’s surface has been studied by ground geomagnetic observatories. The status of the ionosphere has been investigated with two satellite missions: China Seismo Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) and European Space Agency Swarm constellation, with Total Electron Content (TEC) retrieved from global maps. We identified a temporal migration of the seismicity from November 2020 at a depth of 40 km that seems associable to magma migration, firstly to a deep chamber at about 15 km depth and in the last 10 days in a shallow magma chamber at less than 5 km depth. The atmospheric composition, ground geomagnetic field, and ionosphere showed anomalies from more than three months before the eruption, suggesting a possible influence from the bottom geo-layers to the upper ones. CSES-01 detected an increase of electron density, confirmed by TEC data, and alterations of vertical magnetic field on ground Guimar observatory that are temporal compatible with some volcanic low seismic activity (very likely due to the magma uplift), suggesting an eventual electromagnetic disturbance from the lithosphere to the ionosphere. A final increase of carbon monoxide 1.5 months before the eruption with unusually high values of TEC suggests the last uplifting of the magma before the eruption, confirmed by a very high shallow seismicity that preceded the eruption by ten days. This work underlines the importance of integrating several observation platforms from ground and overall space to understand geophysics better, and, in particular, the natural hazard affecting our planet.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14195001
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Locating Anchor Drilling Holes Based on Binocular Vision in Coal Mine Roadways
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Mathematics Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2023-10-20), p. 4365-
    Details
    In: Mathematics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2023-10-20), p. 4365-
    Abstract: The implementation of roof bolt support within a coal mine roadway has the capacity to bolster the stability of the encompassing rock strata and thereby mitigate the potential for accidents. To enhance the automation of support operations, this paper introduces a binocular vision positioning method for drilling holes, which relies on the adaptive adjustment of parameters. Through the establishment of a predictive model, the correlation between the radius of the target circular hole in the image and the shooting distance is ascertained. Based on the structural model of the anchor drilling robot and the related sensing data, the shooting distance range is defined. Exploiting the geometric constraints inherent to adjacent anchor holes, the precise identification of anchor holes is detected by a Hough transformer with an adaptive parameter-adjusted method. On this basis, the matching of the anchor hole contour is realized by using linear slope and geometric constraints, and the spatial coordinates of the anchor hole center in the camera coordinate system are determined based on the binocular vision positioning principle. The outcomes of the experiments reveal that the method attains a positioning accuracy of 95.2%, with an absolute error of around 1.52 mm. When compared with manual operation, this technique distinctly enhances drilling accuracy and augments support efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-7390
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/math11204365
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704244-3
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