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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spermiogenesis, Stages of Seminiferous Epithelium and Variations in Seminiferous Tubules during Active States of Spermatogenesis in Yangzhou Goose Ganders
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Animals Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-03-28), p. 570-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-03-28), p. 570-
    Abstract: The past three decades revolutionized the goose industry in the world. China holds the world’s largest goose breeds stock by 95% of the global total. To optimize the goose industry and cope with ever increasing poultry meat and egg demands, there is a dire need to focus on reproduction, as most geese breeds exhibit poor reproductive performance. The present study was conducted with the aim to add a contribution in the goose industry and research by the histological visualizing step wise development of germ cells during spermatogenesis by microscopy and a histological technique. Yangzhou goose is a synthetic breed developed by using local goose germplasm resources of China. It is popular in the Chinese goose industry due to high productivity and adaptability. This research evaluated the steps of spermiogenesis and stages along with morphological changes in the seminiferous epithelium in Yangzhou goose ganders. For the assessment of various stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, testis sections were embedded in molten paraffin wax. The initial steps of spermiogenesis were depicted by changes in acrosomic granules, whereas further stages were identified by nuclear morphological changes. Ten steps of spermiogenesis and nine stages of seminiferous epithelium were identified. Four types of spermatogonia Ad, Ap1, Ap2 and B were recognized. The results depicted a clear variation in the diameter of seminiferous tubules (ST), epithelium height (EH), luminal tubular diameter (LD), number of seminiferous tubules per field and the Johnsen score. Microscopy indicated that the stages of seminiferous epithelium were similar to other birds and mammals and the ST diameter, EH, LD and Johnsen score are positively correlated while the number of seminiferous tubules per field is negatively correlated with the ST diameter, EH, LD and Johnsen score. Fertility in Yangzhou ganders can further be improved by visualizing the histological development of germs cells in testis tissues during spermatogenesis after onset of breeding season and maturity. Our results suggest that Yangzhou ganders reach complete sexual maturity at 227 days of age.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani10040570
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oral Exposure to Genistein during Conception and Lactation Period Affects the Testicular Development of Male Offspring Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Animals Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-02-26), p. 377-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-02-26), p. 377-
    Abstract: Sexual hormones are essential for the process of spermatogenesis in the testis. However, the effect of maternal genistein (GEN) on the pups’ testicular development remain-unclear. Our present study evaluated the effects of supplementing GEN for parental and offspring mice on the reproductive function and growth performance of the male pups. Mothers during gestation and lactation period were assigned to a control diet (CON group), low dose GEN (LGE group) diet (control diet +40 mg/kg GEN), and high dose of GEN (HGE group) diet (control diet +800 mg/kg GEN). Their male offspring underwent the same treatment of GEN after weaning. LGE treatment (40 mg/kg GEN) significantly increased body weights (p 〈 0.001), testes weights (p 〈 0.05), diameters of seminiferous tubule (p 〈 0.001) and heights of seminiferous epithelium (p 〈 0.05) of offspring mice. LGE treatment also increased serum testosterone (T) levels and spermatogenesis scoring (p 〈 0.05). However, HGE treatment (800mg/kg GEN) significantly decreased body weights (p 〈 0.001), testes weights (p 〈 0.05) and testis sizes (p 〈 0.001). Furthermore, mRNA expressions of ESR2 (p 〈 0.05), CYP19A1 (p 〈 0.001), SOX9 (p 〈 0.001) and BRD7 (p 〈 0.001) in testis of mice were increased in the LGE group. Similarly, HGE treatment increased mRNA expressions of ESR2 (p 〈 0.05) and CYP19A1 (p 〈 0.001). However, mRNA expressions of SOX9 and BRD7 were decreased significantly in the HGE group (p 〈 0.001). Meanwhile, higher ratio apoptotic germ cells and abnormal sperms were detected in the HGE group (p 〈 0.001). In conclusion, exposure to a low dose of GEN during fetal and neonatal life could improve testicular development of offspring mice, whereas, unfavorable adverse effects were induced by a high dose of GEN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani10030377
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Multifaceted Role of Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy: Leveraging Autophagy with a Double-Edged Sword
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-07-19), p. 1138-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-07-19), p. 1138-
    Abstract: Flavonoids are considered as pleiotropic, safe, and readily obtainable molecules. A large number of recent studies have proposed that flavonoids have potential in the treatment of tumors by the modulation of autophagy. In many cases, flavonoids suppress cancer by stimulating excessive autophagy or impairing autophagy flux especially in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. However, the anti-cancer activity of flavonoids may be attenuated due to the simultaneous induction of protective autophagy. Notably, flavonoids-triggered protective autophagy is becoming a trend for preventing cancer in the clinical setting or for protecting patients from conventional therapeutic side effects in normal tissues. In this review, focusing on the underlying autophagic mechanisms of flavonoids, we hope to provide a new perspective for clinical application of flavonoids in cancer therapy. In addition, we highlight new research ideas for the development of new dosage forms of flavonoids to improve their various pharmacological effects, establishing flavonoids as ideal candidates for cancer prevention and therapy in the clinic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071138
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Accumulation of Vanadium by Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Supported by Activated Carbon under Simulation Water Conditions: A Batch Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Water Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2022-09-14), p. 2867-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2022-09-14), p. 2867-
    Abstract: Vanadium (V(V)) removal from simulation water (SW) was successfully accomplished using nanoscale zero-valent iron that was immobilized by activated carbon (NZVI/AC) which was used as an adsorbent. We investigated the effects of different parameters on V(V) removal, such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), common ions and adsorption kinetics for SW. The intraparticle diffusion model fits this study well (R2 〉 0.9) according to the results of the kinetics investigation which showed that the adsorption of vanadium by NZVI/AC was rapid in the first 12 h and that equilibrium was reached in about 72 h. The amount of V(V) that was removed from the solution increased when it was subjected to pH 2 to pH 8, and this decreased after pH 8. While the effects of other anions and humic acid were negligible, the elimination of V(V) was significantly reduced by using phosphate and silicate. Fe2+ and Al3+, two common metal cations, improved the V(V) adsorption. High oxygen levels impeded the vanadium elimination, while anoxic conditions encouraged it. Elution with 0.1 M NaOH can be used to renew NZVI/AC in an efficient manner.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w14182867
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Predicting the Potential Distribution of Perennial Plant Coptis chinensis Franch. in China under Multiple Climate Change Scenarios
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Forests Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2021-10-27), p. 1464-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2021-10-27), p. 1464-
    Abstract: Coptis chinensis Franch. (Ranales: Ranunculaceae) is a perennial species with high medicinal value. Predicting the potentially geographical distribution patterns of C. chinensis against the background of climate change can facilitate its protection and sustainable utilization. This study employed the optimized maximum entropy model to predict the distribution patterns and changes in potentially suitable C. chinensis’ regions in China under multiple climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5) across different time periods (1970–2000, 2050s, 2070s, and 2090s). The results revealed that the currently potentially suitable regions of C. chinensis span an area of 120.47 × 104 km2, which accounts for 12.54% of China’s territory. Among these areas, the low, moderate, and highly suitable regions are 80.10 × 104 km2, 37.16 × 104 km2, and 3.21 × 104 km2, respectively. The highly suitable regions are primarily distributed in Chongqing, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Hubei, and Hunan Provinces. Over time, the potentially suitable regions of C. chinensis are predicted to shrink. Furthermore, our study revealed that the relatively low impact areas of C. chinensis were mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Chongqing, and other Provinces. Centroid transfer analysis indicated that except for SSP1-2.6, the center of the potentially suitable region of C. chinensis showed a trend of gradual transfer to the northwest and high-altitude areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f12111464
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preparation and Application of Fluorine-Free Finishing Agent with Excellent Water Repellency for Cotton Fabric
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Polymers Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2021-09-02), p. 2980-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2021-09-02), p. 2980-
    Abstract: Water repellent is an important functional finish for cotton fabric. However, cotton fabrics often have poor washing resistance and other performances after actual finishing. In this study, based on the structural characteristics of cotton fiber and durability of water repellent, a cross-linked amino long-chain alkyl polysiloxane (CAHPS) was first prepared, and then reacted with modified silica. Finally, a chemically bonded organic–inorganic nanohybrid cross-linked polysiloxane (rSiO2–CAHPS) was fabricated. Furthermore, the rSiO2–CAHPS was emulsified to obtain a durable fluorine-free water repellent. The water repellent finishing for cotton fabric was carried out by the pad–dry–cure process. After finishing, the cotton fabric had good resistance to conventional liquids and excellent washing resistance, and still maintained good water repellency after 30 rounds of soaping. Moreover, properties including air permeability, mechanical property and whiteness are hardly affected after finishing. SEM and XPS characterization show that a layer of dense silicon film is formed on the surface of cotton fabric by rSiO2–CAHPS water repellent. The existence of nanosilica can improve the surface roughness of cotton fibers. The synergistic effect of fiber matrix, nanoparticles and CAHPS endows the fabric with a micro/nano-multi-scale micro-rough structure, which improves the water repellency of cotton fabric after water repellent finishing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym13172980
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Figuring Method of High Convergence Ratio for Pulsed Ion Beams Based on Frequency-Domain Parameter Control
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2022-07-22), p. 1159-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2022-07-22), p. 1159-
    Abstract: The continuous phase plate (CPP) provides excellent beam smoothing and shaping impacts in the inertial confinement fusion application. However, due to the features of its dispersion, its surface gradient is frequently too large ( 〉 2 μm/cm) to process. When machining a large gradient surface with continuous ion beam figuring (IBF), the acceleration of the machine motion axis cannot fulfill the appropriate requirements, and the machining efficiency is further influenced by the unavoidable extra removal layer. The pulsed ion beam (PIB) discretizes the ion beam by incorporating frequency-domain parameters, resulting in a pulsed beam with a controlled pulse width and frequency and avoiding the extra removal layer. This research evaluates the processing convergence ability of IBF and PIB for the large gradient surface using simulation and experiment. The findings reveal that PIB offers obvious advantages under the same beam diameter. Compared with the convergence ratio (γ = 2.02) and residuals (RMS = 184.36 nm) of IBF, the residuals (RMS = 27.48 nm) of PIB are smaller, and the convergence ratio (γ = 8.47) is higher. This work demonstrates that PIB has better residual convergence in large gradient surface processing. It is expected to realize ion beam machining with a higher convergence ratio.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi13081159
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of a Novel Inhibitor against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Viruses Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2017-09-14), p. 255-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2017-09-14), p. 255-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v9090255
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Review of Theory and Application Development of Intelligent Operation Methods for Large Public Buildings
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-16), p. 9680-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-16), p. 9680-
    Abstract: This article aims to systematically summarize the methods for intelligent operation of large public buildings, the integration and application of related technologies, as well as their development trends and challenges. (1) Background: In response to the rapid development and future needs of intelligent operation and maintenance, this study summarizes the development process of intelligent operation and maintenance in building operations, as well as relevant technical achievements and challenges; (2) Method: Quantitative and qualitative bibliometric statistical methods were used for overall analysis; (3) Result: Based on system theory, a B-IRO model was developed, and the current status of intelligent operation- and maintenance-related technologies and applications was sorted out. A framework for the entire industry was established, and future development trends were proposed as further research directions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15129680
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identifying the Determinants of Distribution of Oncomelania hupensis Based on Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression Model along the Yangtze River in China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-08-25), p. 970-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-08-25), p. 970-
    Abstract: Background: As the unique intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, the geographical distribution of Oncomelania hupensis (O. hupensis) is an important index in the schistosomiasis surveillance system. This study comprehensively analyzed the pattern of snail distribution along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province and identified the dynamic determinants of the distribution of O. hupensis. Methods: Snail data from 2017 to 2021 in three cities (Nanjing, Zhenjiang, and Yangzhou) along the Yangtze River were obtained from the annual cross-sectional survey produced by the Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases. Spatial autocorrelation and hot-spot analysis were implemented to detect the spatio–temporal dynamics of O. hupensis distribution. Furthermore, 12 factors were used as independent variables to construct an ordinary least squares (OLS) model, a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, and a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model to identify the determinants of the distribution of O. hupensis. The adjusted coefficients of determination (adjusted R2, AICc, RSS) were used to evaluate the performance of the models. Results: In general, the distribution of O. hupensis had significant spatial aggregation in the past five years, and the density of O. hupensis increased eastwards in the Jiangsu section of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Relatively speaking, the distribution of O. hupensis wase spatially clustered from 2017 to 2021, that is, it was found that the border between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang was the high density agglomeration area of O. hupensis snails. According to the GTWR model, the density of O. hupensis was related to the normalized difference vegetation index, wetness, dryness, land surface temperature, elevation, slope, and distance to nearest river, which had a good explanatory power for the snail data in Yangzhou City (adjusted R2 = 0.7039, AICc = 29.10, RSS = 6.81). Conclusions: The distribution of O. hupensis and the environmental factors in the Jiangsu section of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River had significant spatial aggregation. In different areas, the determinants affecting the distribution of O. hupensis were different, which could provide a scientific basis for precise prevention and control of O. hupensis. A GTWR model was prepared and used to identify the dynamic determinants for the distribution of O. hupensis and contribute to the national programs of control of schistosomiasis and other snail-borne diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090970
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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