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  • MDPI AG  (43)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Photodiode Read-Out System for the Calorimeter of the Herd Experiment
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Instruments Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2022-09-02), p. 33-
    Details
    In: Instruments, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2022-09-02), p. 33-
    Abstract: HERD is a future experiment for the direct detection of high energy cosmic rays. The instrument is based on a calorimeter optimized not only for a good energy resolution but also for a large acceptance. Each crystal composing the calorimeter is equipped with two read-out systems: one based on wavelength-shifting fibers and the other based on two photodiodes with different active areas assembled in a monolithic package. In this paper, we describe the photodiode read-out system, focusing on experimental requirements, design and estimated performances. Finally, we show how these features lead to the flight model project of the photodiode read-out system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2410-390X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/instruments6030033
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2911707-0
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  • 2
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    The Elongation Factor GmEF4 Is Involved in the Response to Drought and Salt Tolerance in Soybean
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 12 ( 2019-06-19), p. 3001-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 12 ( 2019-06-19), p. 3001-
    Abstract: Growing evidence indicates that elongation factor 1α (EF1α) is involved in responses to various abiotic stresses in several plant species. Soybean EF1α proteins include three structural domains: one GTP-binding domain and two oligonucleotide binding domains that are also called as domain 2 and domain 3. In this study, 10 EF1α genes were identified in the soybean genome. We predicted structures of different domains and analyzed gene locations, gene structures, phylogenetic relationships, various cis-elements, and conserved domains of soybean EF1αs. The expression patterns of 10 EF1α genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Under drought stress, soybean EF1α genes were upregulated in varying degrees. In particular, GmEF4 was upregulated under drought and salt treatments. Compared to the drought- and salt-treated empty vector (EV)-control plants, drought- and salt-treated GmEF4-overexpressing (OE) plants had significantly delayed leaf wilting, longer root, higher biomass, higher proline (Pro) content, and lower H2O2, O2−, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Thus, this study provides a foundation for further functional genomics research about this important family under abiotic stress.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123001
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Dual and Multi-Emission Hybrid Micelles Realized through Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2020-01-16), p. 440-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2020-01-16), p. 440-
    Abstract: Building novel functional nanomaterials with a polymer is one of the most dynamic research fields at present. Here, three amphiphilic block copolymers of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative motifs (MQ) with excellent coordination function were synthesized by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT) polymerization. The coordination micelles were prepared through the self-assembly process, which the MQ motifs were dispersed in the hydrophobic polystyrene (PSt) blocks and hydrophilic Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM)) blocks, respectively. The dual-emission micelles including the intrinsic red light emission of quantum dots (QDs) and the coordination green light emission of Zn2+-MQ complexes were built by introducing the CdSe/ZnS and CdTe/ZnS QDs in the core and shell precisely in the coordination micelles through the coordination-driven self-assembly process. Furthermore, based on the principle of three primary colors that produce white light emission, vinyl carbazole units (Polyvinyl Carbazole, PVK) with blue light emission were introduced into the hydrophilic PNIPAM blocks to construct the white light micelles that possess special multi-emission properties in which the intrinsic red light emission of QDs, the coordination green light of Zn2+-MQ complexes, and the blue light emission of PVK were synergized. The dual and multi-emission hybrid micelles have great application prospects in ratiometric fluorescent probes and biomarkers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13020440
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 4
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    Preparation, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Ta-Coated 3Y-TZP Ceramic Deposited by a Plasma Surface Alloying Technique
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2020-03-11), p. 1265-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2020-03-11), p. 1265-
    Abstract: A Ta coating has been successfully fabricated on the surface of zirconia polycrystals ceramic (3 mol% yttria, 3Y-TZP) by a plasma surface alloying technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that a α-Ta coating with a continuous and compact surface morphology which consisted of a deposited layer with a thickness of 390 nm and a diffusion layer with a thickness of 200 nm covered the 3Y-TZP. Due to the effect of inhabitation the t→m transformation by the deposited Ta coating, the biaxial flexural strength caused by the phase transformation during hydrothermal aging is reduced e.g., p 〈 0.05 after 20 h and/or 100 h. In addition, the Ta coating shows non-cytotoxicity and improved proliferation ability of osteoblasts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13061265
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 5
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    Combined lncRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles Identified the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA Modules Regulating the Cold Stress Response in Ammopiptanthus nanus
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2023-03-30), p. 6502-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2023-03-30), p. 6502-
    Abstract: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play critical regulatory roles in plants. Ammopiptanthus nanus can survive under severe low-temperature stress, and lncRNAs may play crucial roles in the gene regulation network underlying the cold stress response in A. nanus. To investigate the roles of lncRNAs in the cold stress response of A. nanus, a combined lncRNA and mRNA expression profiling under cold stress was conducted. Up to 4890 novel lncRNAs were identified in A. nanus and 1322 of them were differentially expressed under cold stress, including 543 up-regulated and 779 down-regulated lncRNAs. A total of 421 lncRNAs were found to participate in the cold stress response by forming lncRNA–mRNA modules and regulating the genes encoding the stress-related transcription factors and enzymes in a cis-acting manner. We found that 31 lncRNAs acting as miRNA precursors and 8 lncRNAs acting as endogenous competitive targets of miRNAs participated in the cold stress response by forming lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory modules. In particular, a cold stress-responsive lncRNA, TCONS00065739, which was experimentally proven to be an endogenous competitive target of miR530, contributed to the cold stress adaptation by regulating TZP in A. nanus. These results provide new data for understanding the biological roles of lncRNAs in response to cold stress in plants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076502
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Contact Time of Double-Droplet Impacting Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Different Macrotextures
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Processes Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2020-07-26), p. 896-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2020-07-26), p. 896-
    Abstract: The contact time of droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces is an especially important parameter in many applications, such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, and spray cooling. In this study, we investigate the contact time of two identical droplets simultaneously impacting superhydrophobic surfaces decorated with three different macrotextures, i.e., bathtub-like groove (S1), vertical wall (S2), and rectangular ridge (S3), via lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) simulations. We explore influences of the geometrical parameters of the macrotextures, as well as the center-to-center distance of the two droplets, on the contact time. We found a new rebounding regime with significantly reduced contact times. We demonstrate that, as compared with impacting a smooth superhydrophobic surface, the contact time can be decreased by 41% for macrotexture S1 because of the asymmetric spreading and retraction of droplets motivated by the macrotexture. We also demonstrate that the new regime depends on the center-to-center distance and geometrical parameters of the macrotextures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr8080896
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 7
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    Effect of Combined Infrared and Hot Air Drying Strategies on the Quality of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) Cakes: Drying Behavior, Aroma Profiles and Phenolic Compounds
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 15 ( 2022-07-27), p. 2240-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 15 ( 2022-07-27), p. 2240-
    Abstract: Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is a seasonal plant with high medicinal and aesthetic value, and drying is an effective practice to enhance its storability after harvesting. The effects of hot air drying (HAD), combined infrared and hot air drying (IR-HAD), and sequential IR-HAD and HAD (IR-HAD + HAD) on the drying behavior, color, shrinkage, aroma profiles, phenolic compounds, and microstructure of chrysanthemum cakes were studied. Results showed that the increasing temperature resulted in a decrease in drying time and an increase in drying rate and moisture diffusivity. The Logarithmic and Page models exhibited superior fit in describing the dehydration process. Among the three drying strategies, IR-HAD was more effective in reducing energy consumption, improving shrinkage, water holding capacity, water binding capacity and cellular microstructure, while IR-HAD + HAD showed better inhibitory effect on color deterioration. Furthermore, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that different drying strategies dramatically influenced the aroma profiles in samples, and IR-HAD obtained the highest concentration of volatiles. The results of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) indicated that the introduction of infrared radiation contributed to increasing the contents of chlorogenic acid, luteolin, total phenolic and flavonoid. These suggested that IR-HAD was a promising technique for drying medicinal chrysanthemum.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11152240
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 8
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    Fabrication and Application of Photocatalytic Composites and Water Treatment Facility Based on 3D Printing Technology
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Polymers Vol. 13, No. 13 ( 2021-07-01), p. 2196-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 13 ( 2021-07-01), p. 2196-
    Abstract: Currently, the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater by photocatalytic technology has attracted great attention. In this study, a new type of 3D printing material with photocatalytic activity was first prepared to print a water treatment equipment, and then a layer of silver-loaded TiO2 was coated on the equipment to further improve the catalytic degradation performance. The composite filaments with a diameter of 1.75 ± 0.05 mm were prepared by a melt blending method, which contained 10 wt% of modified TiO2 and 90 wt% of PLA. The silver-loaded TiO2 was uniformly coated on the equipment through a UV-curing method. The final results showed that those modified particles were uniformly dispersed in the PLA matrix. The stable printing composite filaments could be produced when 10 wt% TiO2 was added to the PLA matrix. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation performance could be effectively improved after 5 wt% of silver loading was added. This novel facility showed good degradability of organic compounds in wastewater and bactericidal effect, which had potential applications for the drinking water treatment in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym13132196
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 9
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    An Efficient Framework with Node Filtering and Load Expansion for Machine-Learning-Based Hardware Trojan Detection
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Electronics Vol. 11, No. 13 ( 2022-06-30), p. 2054-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 13 ( 2022-06-30), p. 2054-
    Abstract: The globalization of the integrated circuit (IC) industry has raised concerns about hardware Trojans (HT), and there is an urgent need for efficient HT-detection methods of gate-level netlists. Machine learning (ML) is a powerful tool for this purpose. A Trojan-detection framework is proposed in this paper to solve the data imbalance and low accuracy problems of existing ML-based HT-detection algorithms. To solve the problem of data imbalance, we propose the node-filtering algorithm, which extracts structure templates from HT circuits and removes most normal nodes based on them. To enhance the identification of unknown HT payload, we propose the load-expansion algorithm, which expands the identified HT nodes based on their fanout features. We evaluate the framework using different ML algorithms. The results show that the framework significantly improves the Trojan-detection rate of the original algorithms, and achieves a 10% improvement in true positive rate compared to the original algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics11132054
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 10
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    Repositioning Azelnidipine as a Dual Inhibitor Targeting CD47/SIRPα and TIGIT/PVR Pathways for Cancer Immuno-Therapy
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-05-10), p. 706-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-05-10), p. 706-
    Abstract: Strategies boosting both innate and adaptive immunity have great application prospects in cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies dual blocking the innate checkpoint CD47 and adaptive checkpoint PD-L1 or TIGIT could achieve durable anti-tumor effects. However, a small molecule dual blockade of CD47/SIRPα and TIGIT/PVR pathways has not been investigated. Here, an elevated expression of CD47 and PVR was observed in tumor tissues and cell lines analyzed with the GEO datasets and by flow cytometry, respectively. Compounds approved by the FDA were screened with the software MOE by docking to the potential binding pockets of SIRPα and PVR identified with the corresponding structural analysis. The candidate compounds were screened by blocking and MST binding assays. Azelnidipine was found to dual block CD47/SIRPα and TIGIT/PVR pathways by co-targeting SIRPα and PVR. In vitro, azelnidipine could enhance the macrophage phagocytosis when co-cultured with tumor cells. In vivo, azelnidipine alone or combined with irradiation could significantly inhibit the growth of MC38 tumors. Azelnidipine also significantly inhibits the growth of CT26 tumors, by enhancing the infiltration and function of CD8+ T cell in tumor and systematic immune response in the tumor-draining lymph node and spleen in a CD8+ T cell dependent manner. Our research suggests that the anti-hypertensive drug azelnidipine could be repositioned for cancer immunotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom11050706
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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