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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Applications of Fruit Polyphenols and Their Functionalized Nanoparticles Against Foodborne Bacteria: A Mini Review
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 11 ( 2021-06-06), p. 3447-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 11 ( 2021-06-06), p. 3447-
    Abstract: The ingestion of contaminated water and food is known to cause food illness. Moreover, on assessing the patients suffering from foodborne disease has revealed the role of microbes in such diseases. Concerning which different methods have been developed for protecting food from microbes, the treatment of food with chemicals has been reported to exhibit an unwanted organoleptic effect while also affecting the nutritional value of food. Owing to these challenges, the demand for natural food preservatives has substantially increased. Therefore, the interest of researchers and food industries has shifted towards fruit polyphenols as potent inhibitors of foodborne bacteria. Recently, numerous fruit polyphenols have been acclaimed for their ability to avert toxin production and biofilm formation. Furthermore, various studies have recommended using fruit polyphenols solely or in combination with chemical disinfectants and food preservatives. Currently, different nanoparticles have been synthesized using fruit polyphenols to curb the growth of pathogenic microbes. Hence, this review intends to summarize the current knowledge about fruit polyphenols as antibacterial agents against foodborne pathogens. Additionally, the application of different fruit extracts in synthesizing functionalized nanoparticles has also been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113447
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    BX795-Organic Acid Coevaporates: Evaluation of Solid-State Characteristics, In Vitro Cytocompatibility and In Vitro Activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2021-11-12), p. 1920-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2021-11-12), p. 1920-
    Abstract: BX795 is a TANK binding kinase-1 inhibitor that has shown excellent therapeutic activity in murine models of genital and ocular herpes infections on topical delivery. Currently, only the BX795 free base and its hydrochloride salt are available commercially. Here, we evaluate the ability of various organic acids suitable for vaginal and/or ocular delivery to form BX795 salts/cocrystals/co-amorphous systems with the aim of facilitating pharmaceutical development of BX795. We characterized BX795-organic acid coevaporates using powder X-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to elucidate the interaction between BX795 and various organic acids such as taurine, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid. Furthermore, using human corneal epithelial cells and HeLa cells, we evaluated BX795-organic acid coevaporates for in vitro cytocompatibility and in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1) and type-2 (HSV-2). Our studies indicate that BX795 forms co-amorphous systems with tartaric acid and citric acid. Interestingly, the association of organic acids with BX795 improved its thermal stability. Our in vitro cytocompatibility and in vitro antiviral studies to screen suitable BX795-organic acid coevaporates for further development show that all BX795-organic acid systems, at a concentration equivalent to 10 µM BX795, retained antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 but showed differential cytocompatibility. Further, dose-dependent in vitro cytocompatibility and antiviral activity studies on the BX795-fumaric acid system, BX795-tartaric acid co-amorphous system, and BX795-citric acid co-amorphous system show similar antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 compared to BX795, whereas only the BX795-citric acid co-amorphous system showed higher in vitro cytocompatibility compared to BX795.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111920
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fractional Flow Reserve Cardio-Oncology Effects on Inpatient Mortality, Length of Stay, and Cost Based on Malignancy Type: Machine Learning Supported Nationally Representative Case-Control Study of 30 Million Hospitalizations
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Medicina Vol. 58, No. 7 ( 2022-06-28), p. 859-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 58, No. 7 ( 2022-06-28), p. 859-
    Abstract: Background and Objectives: There are no nationally representative studies of mortality and cost effectiveness for fractional flow reserve (FFR) guided percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with cancer. Our study aims to show how this patient population may benefit from FFR-guided PCI. Materials and Methods: Propensity score matched analysis and backward propagation neural network machine learning supported multivariable regression was performed for inpatient mortality in this case-control study of the 2016 National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Regression results were adjusted for age, race, income, geographic region, metastases, mortality risk, and the likelihood of undergoing FFR versus non-FFR PCI. All analyses were adjusted for the complex survey design to produce nationally representative estimates. Results: Of the 30,195,722 hospitalized patients meeting criteria, 3.37% of the PCIs performed included FFR. In propensity score adjusted multivariable regression, FFR versus non-FFR PCI significantly reduced inpatient mortality (OR 0.47, 95%CI 0.35–0.63; p 〈 0.001) and length of stay (LOS) (in days; beta −0.23, 95%CI −0.37–−0.09; p = 0.001) while increasing cost (in USD; beta $5708.63, 95%CI, 3042.70–8374.57; p 〈 0.001), without significantly increasing complications overall. FFR versus non-FFR PCI did not specifically change cancer patients’ inpatient mortality, LOS, or cost. However, FFR versus non-FFR PCI significantly increased inpatient mortality for Hodgkin’s lymphoma (OR 52.48, 95%CI 7.16–384.53; p 〈 0.001) and rectal cancer (OR 24.38, 95%CI 2.24–265.73; p = 0.009). Conclusions: FFR-guided PCI may be safely utilized in patients with cancer as it does not significantly increase inpatient mortality, complications, and LOS. These findings support the need for an increased utilization of FFR-guided PCI and further studies to evaluate its long-term impact.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070859
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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