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  • 11
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    Online Resource
    Genome-Wide Analysis of the NF-YB Gene Family in Gossypium hirsutum L. and Characterization of the Role of GhDNF-YB22 in Embryogenesis
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 2 ( 2018-02-06), p. 483-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 2 ( 2018-02-06), p. 483-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020483
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 12
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    Scaling Up Sap Flow Measurements from the Stem Scale to the Individual Scale for Multibranched Caragana Korshinskii on the Chinese Loess Plateau
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Forests Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2019-09-09), p. 785-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2019-09-09), p. 785-
    Abstract: The traditional heat balance method for measuring plant sap flow (SF) becomes troublesome and uneconomic for multibranched shrub species if all their stems are used for the measurement. The objectives of this study were to explore specific relationships between stem-scale SF and plant morphological traits and then to scale up SF measurements from the stem scale to the individual scale for Caragana korshinskii Kom., a dominant shrub species on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Sap flow was measured for twenty-one stems from three representative individuals from July to September 2018 during the rainy season. The results indicated that the stem-scale SF in C. korshinskii presented a positive linear correlation with the stem base diameter (SBD), stem length (SL), primary branch numbers in the stem (PBN), and estimated stem biomass (W). The SBD-based statistical models performed well in estimating the stem-scale SF, with an R2 value of 0.9726 and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.5389 g h−1. Over the canopy projection area, the individual-scale transpiration flows for the three selected C. korshinskii were 1.91, 1.10, and 1.59 mm·d−1. In addition, stem-scale SF was positively and linearly correlated with air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, vapor pressure deficit, reference crop evapotranspiration, and variable transpiration. This study sheds light on morphological and meteorological influences on stem-scale SF and has made contributes to the accurate and rapid estimation of the plant sap flow from easily available morphological traits for multibranched shrub species in semiarid regions. Limitations, however, may exist for the established model when it is used to estimate SF of C. korshinskii during the water-limited dry season. Our study deserves further exploration of a more general model to have a better estimation of SF for C. korshinskii in both dry and rainy seasons.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f10090785
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 13
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    Negative Effect Prediction and Refueling Traffic Flow Equilibrium of Urban Energy Supply Network during Weekends and Holidays
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-02-15), p. 2498-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-02-15), p. 2498-
    Abstract: With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the travel demand for vehicles increases rapidly during weekends and holidays. This situation leads to a number of negative impacts on the transport network, such as traffic congestion, carbon emissions, and long queues at refueling stations. The impact of vehicles requiring energy replenishment on the negative effect is nonlinear. Therefore, the negative effect data of working days cannot be directly used to evaluate the cost, and the traffic equilibrium allocation problem also needs to be solved. An equilibrium allocation model of hybrid vehicles considering the energy replenishment demand in holidays is established, aiming at minimizing the total time cost and energy consumption cost. The Frank–Wolfe algorithm is used to solve the traffic allocation problem in advance, and the negative effect of the urban energy network during holidays is predicted by the Genetic Algorithm—Back Propagation (GA-BP) algorithm. Then, the energy-replenishing vehicles in the traffic network are induced to reduce the total cost. Finally, taking the actual road network in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing City, southwest of China, as an example, the negative effects of multiple stations are predicted. The results show that the prediction method proposed in this paper is effective during holiday periods. In addition, as the market share of electric vehicles increases, the negative cost can decrease gradually. The predicted results can provide a reference for traffic managers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app13042498
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 14
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    Construction of a Collagen-like Protein Based on Elastin-like Polypeptide Fusion and Evaluation of Its Performance in Promoting Wound Healing
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 19 ( 2023-09-23), p. 6773-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 19 ( 2023-09-23), p. 6773-
    Abstract: In the healing of wounds, human-like collagen (hCol) is essential. However, collagen-based composite dressings have poor stability in vivo, which severely limits their current therapeutic potential. Based on the above, we have developed a recombinant fusion protein named hCol-ELP, which consists of hCol and an elastin-like peptide (ELP). Then, we examined the physicochemical and biological properties of hCol-ELP. The results indicated that the stability of the hCol-ELP fusion protein exhibited a more compact and homogeneous lamellar microstructure along with collagen properties, it was found to be significantly superior to the stability of free hCol. The compound hCol-ELP demonstrated a remarkable capacity to induce the proliferation and migration of mouse embryo fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3), as well as enhance collagen synthesis in human skin fibroblasts (HSF) when tested in vitro. In vivo, hCol-ELP demonstrated significant enhancements in healing rate and a reduction in the time required for scab removal, thereby exhibiting a scar-free healing effect. The findings provide a crucial theoretical foundation for the implementation of an hCol-ELP protein dressing in fields associated with the healing of traumatic injuries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196773
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 15
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    Rapid Identification of Pollen- and Anther-Specific Genes in Response to High-Temperature Stress Based on Transcriptome Profiling Analysis in Cotton
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2022-03-21), p. 3378-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2022-03-21), p. 3378-
    Abstract: Anther indehiscence and pollen sterility caused by high temperature (HT) stress have become a major problem that decreases the yield of cotton. Pollen- and anther-specific genes play a critical role in the process of male reproduction and the response to HT stress. In order to identify pollen-specific genes that respond to HT stress, a comparative transcriptome profiling analysis was performed in the pollen and anthers of Gossypium hirsutum HT-sensitive Line H05 against other tissue types under normal temperature (NT) conditions, and the analysis of a differentially expressed gene was conducted in the pollen of H05 under NT and HT conditions. In total, we identified 1111 pollen-specific genes (PSGs), 1066 anther-specific genes (ASGs), and 833 pollen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Moreover, we found that the late stage of anther included more anther- and pollen-specific genes (APSGs). Stress-related cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and hormone-responsive CREs are enriched in the promoters of APSGs, suggesting that APSGs may respond to HT stress. However, 833 pollen DEGs had only 10 common genes with 1111 PSGs, indicating that PSGs are mainly involved in the processes of pollen development and do not respond to HT stress. Promoters of these 10 common genes are enriched for stress-related CREs and MeJA-responsive CREs, suggesting that these 10 common genes are involved in the process of pollen development while responding to HT stress. This study provides a pathway for rapidly identifying cotton pollen-specific genes that respond to HT stress.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063378
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 16
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    Synthesis of Manganese Mononitride with Tetragonal Structure under Pressure
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Crystals Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2019-09-30), p. 511-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2019-09-30), p. 511-
    Abstract: The exploration of the vast phase space of transition metal nitrides is critical for discovering novel materials and potential technological applications. Manganese mononitride with a tetragonal structure (space group I4/mmm) was synthesized in a laser-heating diamond anvil cell, which could be quenched to ambient pressure. The bulk modulus of 173 GPa was measured using in situ high-pressure diffraction, and the axial compressibility shows that, under pressure, the a direction is much more compressible than the c direction in tetragonal MnN. DFT results with correction of the on-site repulsion (GGA + U) confirm that tetragonal MnN is energetically stable and antiferromagnetic. This study highlights the need to include on-site repulsion to understand 3d metal nitrides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst9100511
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 17
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    Modification of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 Catalyst by Loading of MnOx for Enhanced Low-Temperature NH3-SCR Performance
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-09-23), p. 1900-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-09-23), p. 1900-
    Abstract: V2O5-WO3/TiO2 as a commercial selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst usually used at middle-high temperatures was modified by loading of MnOx for the purpose of enhancing its performance at lower temperatures. Manganese oxides were loaded onto V-W/Ti monolith by the methods of impregnation (I), precipitation (P), and in-situ growth (S), respectively. SCR activity of each modified catalyst was investigated at temperatures in the range of 100–340 °C. Catalysts were characterized by specific surface area and pore size determination (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), etc. Results show that the loading of MnOx remarkably enhanced the SCR activity at a temperature lower than 280 °C. The catalyst prepared by the in-situ growth method was found to be most active for SCR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano10101900
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 18
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    Study on Shear Mechanism of Bolted Jointed Rocks: Experiments and CZM-Based FEM Simulations
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20), p. 62-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20), p. 62-
    Abstract: Based on the underground jointed rock of the Huangdao water sealed oil depot in China, the shear failure mechanism of bolted jointed rock is studied through laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. Laboratory experiments are performed to explore the shear behavior of bolted jointed rock with different joint roughness. Our results show that using high strength bolts is beneficial to improving the shear strength of the jointed rock, but the high strength of bolts can also lead to the rock fracture, which should be avoided. For this particular project site, experimental results indicate that 15% elongation is the best. In addition, a new numerical simulation method with CZM (cohesive zone model) used for modeling the shearing process of bolted jointed rock is proposed. It can reasonably describe the characteristics of jointed rock as a discontinuous medium, and bolt as a continuous medium, that replicate well the shearing process. The numerical model is then verified by comparing the experiment results, and it can be effectively be applied to the simulation of joint shearing process. Finally, we use this simulation method to explore the shear failure mechanism of bolted joints, and find that the root cause of rock failure is the deformation mismatch between the bolt and the surrounding rock. The tensile stress between them eventually causes the rock to fracture near the bolt hole.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10010062
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 19
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    Statistical Characteristics of a Twisted Anisotropic Gaussian Schell-Model Beam in Turbulent Ocean
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Photonics Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2020-05-29), p. 37-
    Details
    In: Photonics, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2020-05-29), p. 37-
    Abstract: The analytical expression of the cross-spectral density function of a twisted anisotropic Gaussian Schell-model (TAGSM) beam transmitting in turbulent ocean is derived by applying a tensor method. The statistical properties, including spectral density, the strength of twist and beam width of the propagating beam are studied carefully through numerical examples. It is demonstrated that the turbulence of ocean has no effect on the rotation direction of the beam spot during propagation. However, the beam shape will degrade into a Gaussian profile under the action of oceanic turbulence with sufficiently long propagation distance, and a beam with a larger initial twist factor is more resistant to turbulence-induced degeneration. As oceanic turbulence becomes stronger, the beam spot spreads more quickly while the twist factor drops more rapidly upon propagation. The physical mechanisms of these phenomena are addressed in detail. The obtained results will be helpful in optical communication systems underwater.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-6732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/photonics7020037
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2770002-1
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  • 20
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    Propagation of Optical Coherence Vortex Lattices in Turbulent Atmosphere
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2018-12-03), p. 2476-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2018-12-03), p. 2476-
    Abstract: Propagation properties in the turbulence atmosphere of the optical coherence vortex lattices (OCVLs) are explored by the recently developed convolution approach. The evolution of spectral density distribution, the normalized M 2 -factor, and the beam wander of the OCVLs propagating through the atmospheric turbulence with Tatarskii spectrum are illustrated numerically. Our results show that the OCVLs display interesting propagation properties, e.g., the initial Gaussian beam distribution will evolve into hollow array distribution on propagation and finally becomes a Gaussian beam spot again in the far field in turbulent atmosphere. Furthermore, the OCVLs with large topological charge, large beam array order, large relative distance, and small coherence length are less affected by the negative effects of turbulence. Our results are expected to be used in the complex system optical communications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app8122476
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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