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  • 11
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    Online Resource
    The Protective Effect of Zebularine, an Inhibitor of DNA Methyltransferase, on Renal Tubulointerstitial Inflammation and Fibrosis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 22 ( 2022-11-14), p. 14045-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 22 ( 2022-11-14), p. 14045-
    Abstract: Renal fibrosis, the final pathway of chronic kidney disease, is caused by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Although DNA methylation has drawn attention as a developing mechanism of renal fibrosis, its contribution to renal fibrosis has not been clarified. To address this issue, the effect of zebularine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, on renal inflammation and fibrosis in the murine unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model was analyzed. Zebularine significantly attenuated renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and inflammation. Zebularine decreased trichrome, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen IV, and transforming growth factor-β1 staining by 56.2%. 21.3%, 30.3%, and 29.9%, respectively, at 3 days, and by 54.6%, 41.9%, 45.9%, and 61.7%, respectively, at 7 days after UUO. Zebularine downregulated mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, fibronectin, and Snail1 by 48.6%. 71.4%, 31.8%, and 42.4%, respectively, at 7 days after UUO. Zebularine also suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, by 69.8%, 74.9%, and 69.6%, respectively, in obstructed kidneys. Furthermore, inhibiting DNA methyltransferase buttressed the nuclear expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like factor 2, which upregulated downstream effectors such as catalase (1.838-fold increase at 7 days, p 〈 0.01), superoxide dismutase 1 (1.494-fold increase at 7 days, p 〈 0.05), and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreduate-1 (1.376-fold increase at 7 days, p 〈 0.05) in obstructed kidneys. Collectively, these findings suggest that inhibiting DNA methylation restores the disrupted balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways to alleviate renal inflammation and fibrosis. Therefore, these results highlight the possibility of DNA methyltransferases as therapeutic targets for treating renal inflammation and fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214045
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 12
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    Inhibition of p300/CBP-Associated Factor Attenuates Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis through Modulation of NF-kB and Nrf2
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 7 ( 2019-03-28), p. 1554-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 7 ( 2019-03-28), p. 1554-
    Abstract: p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase, is involved in many cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and reaction to cell damage by modulating the activities of several genes and proteins through the acetylation of either the histones or transcription factors. Here, we examined a pathogenic role of PCAF and its potential as a novel therapeutic target in the progression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by non-diabetic unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in male C57BL/6 mice. Administration of garcinol, a PCAF inhibitor, reversed a UUO-induced increase in the renal expression of total PCAF and histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation and reduced positive areas of trichrome and α-smooth muscle actin and collagen content. Treatment with garcinol also decreased mRNA levels of transforming growth factor-β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and fibronectin. Furthermore, garcinol suppressed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6, whereas it preserved the nuclear expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like factor 2 (Nrf2) and levels of Nrf2-dependent antioxidants including heme oxygense-1, catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1. These results suggest that the inhibition of inordinately enhanced PCAF could mitigate renal fibrosis by redressing aberrant balance between inflammatory signaling and antioxidant response through the modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071554
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 13
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    Curcumin Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2019-11-08), p. 2702-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2019-11-08), p. 2702-
    Abstract: The cause of progression to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate how curcumin, a natural phytopolyphenol pigment, ameliorates NAFLD. Initially, we demonstrated that curcumin dramatically suppresses fat accumulation and hepatic injury induced in methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet mice. The severity of hepatic inflammation was alleviated by curcumin treatment. To identify the proteins involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, we also characterized the hepatic proteome in MCD diet mice. As a result of two-dimensional proteomic analysis, it was confirmed that thirteen proteins including antioxidant protein were differentially expressed in hepatic steatosis. However, the difference in expression was markedly improved by curcumin treatment. Interestingly, eight of the identified proteins are known to undergo O-GlcNAcylation modification. Thus, we further focused on elucidating how the regulation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is associated with the progression of hepatic steatosis leading to hepatitis in MCD diet mice. In parallel with lipid accumulation and inflammation, the MCD diet significantly up-regulated hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) via ER stress. Curcumin treatment alleviates the severity of hepatic steatosis by relieving the dependence of O-GlcNAcylation on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in inflammation signaling. Conversely, the expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and SIRT1 were significantly upregulated by curcumin treatment. In conclusion, curcumin inhibits O-GlcNAcylation pathway, leading to antioxidant responses in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice. Therefore, curcumin will be a promising therapeutic agent for diseases involving hyper-O-GlcNAcylation, including cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu11112702
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 14
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    Deep Electrochemical Etching of Stainless Steel Using a Deposited Copper Layer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 23 ( 2022-12-06), p. 12473-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 23 ( 2022-12-06), p. 12473-
    Abstract: Deep electrochemical etching (DEE) is proposed in this paper. DEE is a process that repeats steps consisting of electrodeposition, laser patterning, and electrochemical etching. In the electrodeposition step, a deposited layer is formed on the surface of the workpiece. This deposited layer serves as a protective layer to protect the surface of the workpiece until it is completely dissolved in the electrochemical etching step. Laser patterning is the step of patterning a deposited layer by irradiating a laser beam while minimizing surface damage to the workpiece. The etching of the workpiece proceeds through the electrochemical etching step. If these three steps are performed sequentially, one cycle of the DEE process is completed. By repeating this cycle, an improved etch factor can be obtained in the DEE process. The processing characteristics according to DEE process conditions were analyzed through an SEM and 3D surface profiler. Through the DEE process, a microstructure with a deep etching depth was fabricated, and the micropatterns successfully penetrated a one-hundred-um-thick stainless steel specimen. Through the DEE process, it was confirmed that it is possible to fabricate a micro with a high aspect ratio structure pattern by improving the etch factor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app122312473
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 15
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    Electrochemical Detection of Chloride Ions by Copper (II) Complex with Mixed Ligand of Oxindole Derivative and Dithiocarbamates Moiety
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2019-03-31), p. 1358-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2019-03-31), p. 1358-
    Abstract: The present work describes the synthesis of a new copper (II) complex with bidentate ligands based on oxindole (indolin-2-one) derivatives, namely: 1H,1′H,1″H-[2,3′:2′,3″-terbenzo[b]pyrrol] -2″(3″H)-one (L1) and [sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC)] (L2) as a second bidentate ligand. The ligand L1 was prepared by the cyclization reaction of oxindole (2-indolone) with phosphorus oxychloride. A mixed-ligand was synthesized using L1 and L2 ligands with copper (Cu (II)) via a simple reflux process. The synthesized mixed Cu (II) complex [C53H44CuN7O4S2 and [Cu(L1)2(L2)] 2H2O] exhibited superior solubility in organic solvents like dichloromethane, chloroform, ethanol, methanol, DMF and DMSO. The optical characterizations revealed that the synthesized Cu (II) com plex displayed a broad band (2Eg→2T2g) with the absorption at ~420 nm, suggesting a distorted octahedral geometry due to the strong Jahn-Teller distortion of the Cu2+ ion. The elemental analysis confirmed the existence of Cu, C, S, N, and other elements in the synthesized mixed Cu (II) complex. The physicochemical studies of the organic ligand and Cu(II) complex were investigated by TG analysis, NMR, FTIR, SEM, EDX, electronic spectra and cyclic voltammetry measurements. The detection of chloride ions with the prepared mixed Cu(II) complex was studied by cyclic voltammetry measurements at different scan rates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app9071358
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 16
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    Planar D-π-A Configured Dimethoxy Vinylbenzene Based Small Organic Molecule for Solution-Processed Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 17 ( 2020-08-19), p. 5743-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 17 ( 2020-08-19), p. 5743-
    Abstract: A new and effective planar D-π-A configured small organic molecule (SOM) of 2-5-(3,5-dimethoxystyryl)thiophen-2-yl)methylene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione, abbreviated as DVB-T-ID, was synthesized using 1,3-indanedione acceptor and dimethoxy vinylbenzene donor units, connected through a thiophene π-spacer. The presence of a dimethoxy vinylbenzene unit and π-spacer in DVB-T-ID significantly improved the absorption behavior by displaying maximum absorbance at ~515 nm, and the reasonable band gap was estimated as ~2.06 eV. The electronic properties revealed that DVB-T-ID SOMs exhibited promising HOMO (−5.32 eV) and LUMO (−3.26 eV). The synthesized DVB-T-ID SOM was utilized as donor material for fabricating solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ-OSCs) and showed a reasonable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ~3.1% with DVB-T-ID:PC61BM (1:2, w/w) active layer. The outcome of this work clearly reflects that synthesized DVB-T-ID based on 1,3-indanedione units is a promising absorber (donor) material for BHJ-OSCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10175743
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 17
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    Single-Incision versus Multiport Robotic Myomectomy: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis of Surgical Outcomes and Surgical Tips
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 17 ( 2021-08-31), p. 3957-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 17 ( 2021-08-31), p. 3957-
    Abstract: We aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes of single-incision robotic myomectomy (SIRM) and multiport robotic myomectomy (MPRM) and provide surgical tips. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 462 patients with symptomatic leiomyoma who underwent MPRM or SIRM between March 2019 and April 2021. Demographic characteristics and surgical outcomes, including the total operative time (OT), estimated blood loss (EBL), and surgical complication rate, were compared between the two groups. Patients in the SIRM group had lower a body mass index and rate of previous pelvic surgery and were younger than those in the MPRM group. The myoma type was not different between groups; however, the MPRM group had larger, and more myomas than the SIRM group. After propensity score matching, these variables were not significantly different between the groups. The total OT, EBL, difference in hemoglobin levels, transfusion rate, and postoperative fever were not different between the groups. No postoperative complications occurred in the SIRM group. In the MPRM group, one patient needed conversion to laparotomy, and two patients had postoperative complications (umbilical incisional hernia and acute kidney injury). In conclusion, both MPRM and SIRM are feasible and effective surgical options for symptomatic myomas with cosmetic benefits and minimal risk of laparotomy conversion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173957
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 18
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    Early Postoperative Low Expression of RAD50 in Rectal Cancer Patients Associates with Disease-Free Survival
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Cancers Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2017-11-30), p. 163-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2017-11-30), p. 163-
    Abstract: Background: Molecular biomarkers have the potential to predict response to the treatment of rectal cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological implication of RAD50 (DNA repair protein RAD50 homolog) expression in rectal cancer. Methods: A total of 266 rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery and received chemo- and radiotherapy between 2000 and 2011 were involved in the study. Postoperative RAD50 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in surgical samples (n = 266). Results: Using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, we found that low RAD50 expression in postoperative samples was associated with worse disease free survival (p = 0.001) and overall survival (p 〈 0.001) in early stage/low-grade tumors. In a comparison of patients with low vs. high RAD50 expression, we found that low levels of postoperative RAD50 expression in rectal cancer tissues were significantly associated with perineural invasion (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Expression of RAD50 in rectal cancer may serve as a prognostic biomarker for long-term survival of patients with perineural invasion-positive tumors and for potential use in early stage and low-grade rectal cancer assessment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120163
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 19
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    Using UAV Multispectral Images for Classification of Forest Burn Severity—A Case Study of the 2019 Gangneung Forest Fire
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Forests Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2019-11-14), p. 1025-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2019-11-14), p. 1025-
    Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing has limitations in acquiring images before a forest fire, although burn severity can be analyzed by comparing images before and after a fire. Determining the burned surface area is a challenging class in the analysis of burn area severity because it looks unburned in images from aircraft or satellites. This study analyzes the availability of multispectral UAV images that can be used to classify burn severity, including the burned surface class. RedEdge multispectral UAV image was acquired after a forest fire, which was then processed into a mosaic reflectance image. Hundreds of samples were collected for each burn severity class, and they were used as training and validation samples for classification. Maximum likelihood (MLH), spectral angle mapper (SAM), and thresholding of a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were used as classifiers. In the results, all classifiers showed high overall accuracy. The classifiers also showed high accuracy for classification of the burned surface, even though there was some confusion among spectrally similar classes, unburned pine, and unburned deciduous. Therefore, multispectral UAV images can be used to analyze burn severity after a forest fire. Additionally, NDVI thresholding can also be an easy and accurate method, although thresholds should be generalized in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f10111025
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 20
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    Involvement of Kynurenine Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 20 ( 2021-10-15), p. 5180-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 20 ( 2021-10-15), p. 5180-
    Abstract: As the second and third leading cancer-related death in men and the world, respectively, primary liver cancer remains a major concern to human health. Despite advances in diagnostic technology, patients with primary liver cancer are often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Treatment options for patients with advanced hepatocarcinoma (HCC) are limited to systemic treatment with multikinase inhibitors and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the 5-year survival rate for these late-stage HCC patients is approximately 12% worldwide. There is an unmet need to identify novel treatment options and/or sensitive blood-based biomarker(s) to detect this cancer at an early stage. Given that the liver harbours the largest proportion of immune cells in the human body, understanding the tumour–immune microenvironment has gained increasing attention as a potential target to treat cancer. The kynurenine pathway (KP) has been proposed to be one of the key mechanisms used by the tumour cells to escape immune surveillance for proliferation and metastasis. In an inflammatory environment such as cancer, the KP is elevated, suppressing local immune cell populations and enhancing tumour growth. In this review, we collectively describe the roles of the KP in cancer and provide information on the latest research into the KP in primary liver cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205180
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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