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  • MDPI AG  (192)
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving the Synthesis Efficiency of Amino Acids by Analyzing the Key Sites of Intracellular Self-Assembly of Artificial Cellulosome
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Fermentation Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2024-04-25), p. 229-
    Details
    In: Fermentation, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2024-04-25), p. 229-
    Abstract: To explore the key sites affecting the intracellular assembly of key components of cellulosomes and obtain DocA mutants independent of Ca2+, Swiss-model, GROMACS, PyMOL, and other molecular dynamics simulation software were used for modeling and static and dynamic combination analysis. Site-specific mutation technology was used to mutate DocA, and Biacore was used to test the dependence of Ca2+ on the binding ability of protein DocA mutants and protein Coh, and to analyze the interaction and binding effect of mutant proteins in vitro. Forward intracellular mutant screening was performed based on semi-rational design and high throughput screening techniques. The orientation of mutations suitable for intracellular assembly was determined, and three directional mutant proteins, DocA-S1, DocA-S2, and DocA-S3, were obtained. Ca2+ independent DocA mutants were obtained gradually and their potential interaction mechanisms were analyzed. In the present study, intracellular self-assembly of key components of cellulosomes independent of Ca2+ was achieved, and DocA-S3 was applied to the assembly of key enzymes of L-lysine biosynthesis, in which DapA and DapB intracellular assembly increased L-lysine accumulation by 29.8% when compared with the control strains, providing a new strategy for improving the intracellular self-assembly of cellulosomes and amino acid fermentation efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-5637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10050229
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813985-9
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  • 12
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    Supplementation of Saponins from Leaves of Panax quinquefolius Mitigates Cisplatin-Evoked Cardiotoxicity via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress-Associated Inflammation and Apoptosis in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2019-09-01), p. 347-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2019-09-01), p. 347-
    Abstract: Background: Although kidney injury caused by cisplatin has attracted much attention, cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity is elusive. Our previous studies have confirmed that saponins (ginsenosides) from Panax quinquefolius can effectively reduce acute renal injuries. Our current study aimed to identify the potential effects of saponins from leaves of P. quinquefolius (PQS) on cisplatin-evoked cardiotoxicity. Methods: Mice were intragastrically with PQS at the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg daily for 15 days. The mice in cisplatin group and PQS + cisplatin groups received four times intraperitoneal injections of cisplatin (3 mg/kg) two days at a time from the 7th day, respectively. All mice were killed at 48 h following final cisplatin injection. Body weights, blood and organic samples were collected immediately. Results: Our results showed that cisplatin-challenged mice experienced a remarkable cardiac damage with obvious histopathological changes and elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentrations and viabilities in serum. Cisplatin also impaired antioxidative defense system in heart tissues manifested by a remarkable reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, demonstrating the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Interestingly, PQS (125 and 250 mg/kg) can attenuate cisplatin-evoked changes in the above-mentioned parameters. Additionally, PQS administration significantly alleviated the oxidation resulted from inflammatory responses and apoptosis in cardiac tissues via inhibition of overexpressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, Bax, and Bad as well as the caspase family members like caspase-3, and 8, respectively. Conclusion: Findings from our present research clearly indicated that PQS exerted significant effects on cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in part by inhibition of the NF-κB activity and regulation of PI3K/Akt/apoptosis mediated signaling pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090347
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 13
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    A Machine Learning Model to Predict Survival and Therapeutic Responses in Multiple Myeloma
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2023-04-03), p. 6683-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2023-04-03), p. 6683-
    Abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogeneous hematologic tumor. Ubiquitin proteasome pathways (UPP) play a vital role in its initiation and development. We used cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selector operation (LASSO) to select ubiquitin proteasome pathway associated genes (UPPGs) correlated with the overall survival (OS) of MM patients in a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset, and we formed this into ubiquitin proteasome pathway risk score (UPPRS). The association between clinical outcomes and responses triggered by proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and UPPRS were evaluated. MMRF CoMMpass was used for validation. We applied machine learning algorithms to MM clinical and UPPRS in the whole cohort to make a prognostic nomogram. Single-cell data and vitro experiments were performed to unravel the mechanism and functions of UPPRS. UPPRS consisting of 9 genes showed a strong ability to predict OS in MM patients. Additionally, UPPRS can be used to sort out the patients who would gain more benefits from PIs. A machine learning model incorporating UPPRS and International Staging System (ISS) improved survival prediction in both datasets compared to the revisions of ISS. At the single-cell level, high-risk UPPRS myeloma cells exhibited increased cell adhesion. Targeted UPPGs effectively inhibited myeloma cells in vitro. The UPP genes risk score is a helpful tool for risk stratification in MM patients, particularly those treated with PIs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076683
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 14
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    Experimental Investigation of Micro Cooling Units on Impingement Jet Array Flow Pressure Loss and Heat Transfer Characteristics
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Energies Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2021-08-05), p. 4757-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2021-08-05), p. 4757-
    Abstract: With the development in additive manufacturing, the use of surface treatments for gas turbine design applications has greatly expanded. An experimental investigation of the pressure loss and heat transfer characteristics within impingement jet arrays with arrays of target surface micro cooling units is presented. The discharge coefficient and Nusselt number are measured and determined for an evaluation of the pressure loss of the flow system and heat transfer level, respectively. Considered are effects of impingement jet Reynolds number ranging from 1000 to 15,000 and micro cooling units (square pin fin) height (h) with associated values of 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.2, and 0.4 D, where D is the impingement hole diameter. Presented are variations of Nusselt number, and Nusselt number ratio, discharge coefficient, discharge coefficient ratio, discharge coefficient correlation. Depending upon the micro cooling unit height, discharge coefficient ratios slightly decrease with height, and the ratio values generally remain unit value (1.0). When Rej = 1000 and 2500 for several cooling units height values, discharge coefficient ratios show the pressure loss decreases about 2–18% and 3–6%, respectively, when compared to the data of a baseline smooth target surface plate. The observed phenomenon is due to the effects of flow blockage of micro cooing units, local flow separation, and near-wall viscous sublayer reattachment. Results also show that heat transfer levels increase 20–300% for some of the tested toughened target surface plates when compared to smooth target surface plates. The heat transfer level enhancement is because of an increase in thermal transport and near-wall mixing, as well as the increased wetted area. In addition, micro cooling units elements break the viscous sublayer and cause greater turbulence intensity when compared to the smooth target surface. Overall, results demonstrate that the target surface micro cooling units do not result in a visible increment in pressure loss and reduce pressure loss of the flow system for some of the tested patterns. Moreover, results show the significant ability of micro cooling units to enhance the surface heat transfer capability of impingement cooling relative to smooth target surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en14164757
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 15
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    Simultaneous Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation and Electricity Generation in Microbial Fuel Cell: Performance and Electrochemical Characteristics
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Processes Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-11-12), p. 2379-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-11-12), p. 2379-
    Abstract: In this study, a microbial fuel cell (MFC) that can achieve simultaneous anode anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and electricity generation (anode anammox MFC) by high-effective anammox bacteria fed with purely inorganic nitrogen media was constructed. As the influent concentrations of ammonium (NH4+-N) and nitrite (NO2−-N) gradually increased from 25 to 250 mg/L and 33–330 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N, NO2−-N and TN were over 90%, 90% and 80%, respectively, and the maximum volumetric nitrogen removal rate reached 3.01 ± 0.27 kgN/(m3·d). The maximum voltage and maximum power density were 225.48 ± 10.71 mV and 1308.23 ± 40.38 mW/m3, respectively. Substrate inhibition took place at high nitrogen concentrations (NH4+-N = 300 mg/L, NO2−-N = 396 mg/L). Electricity production performance significantly depended upon the nitrogen removal rate under different nitrogen concentrations. The reported low coulombic efficiency (CE, 4.09–5.99%) may be due to severe anodic polarization. The anode charge transfer resistance accounted for about 90% of the anode resistance. The anode process was the bottleneck for energy recovery and should be further optimized in anode anammox MFCs. The high nitrogen removal efficiency with certain electricity recovery potential in the MFCs suggested that anode anammox MFCs may be used in energy sustainable nitrogen-containing wastewater treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr10112379
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 16
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    Phylogenetic and Structural Analysis of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 from 2016 to 2021 in Jilin Province, China
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-04-10), p. 983-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-04-10), p. 983-
    Abstract: Porcine circovirus disease (PCVD) caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is widely distributed in pig farms. Up until now, nine genotypes of PCV2, PCV2a to 2i, have been identified in diseased pigs worldwide. This study analyzed 302 samples collected in the Jilin Province of China from 2016 to 2021, followed by genetic analysis of the PCV2 isolates. Meanwhile, the antigen epitopes, amino acid mutations, 3D structure of the PCV2 isolates and commercially available vaccine strains were evaluated and compared. The results showed that the predominant genotypes of PCV2 were PCV2b, followed by PCV2e and PCV2d in Jilin Province during 2016–2021. Although mutations were detected in the isolates, no recombination occurred in the PCV2 isolates, indicating a stable genotype of PCV2 in Jilin Province during these years. Moreover, the B cell epitopes in the Cap and Rep proteins of eighteen PCV2 isolates and T cell epitopes in the Cap of the isolates were changed compared to three currently used vaccine strains. The mutations in the Cap and Rep proteins did not affect their spatial conformation. Therefore, bivalent or multivalent vaccines with different genotypes of PCV2 might improve the protective effect of vaccines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040983
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 17
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    Hybrid Camera Array-Based UAV Auto-Landing on Moving UGV in GPS-Denied Environment
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2018-11-19), p. 1829-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2018-11-19), p. 1829-
    Abstract: With the rapid development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems, the autonomous landing of a UAV on a moving Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) has received extensive attention as a key technology. At present, this technology is confronted with such problems as operating in GPS-denied environments, a low accuracy of target location, the poor precision of the relative motion estimation, delayed control responses, slow processing speeds, and poor stability. To address these issues, we present a hybrid camera array-based autonomous landing UAV that can land on a moving UGV in a GPS-denied environment. We first built a UAV autonomous landing system with a hybrid camera array comprising a fisheye lens camera and a stereo camera. Then, we integrated a wide Field of View (FOV) and depth imaging for locating the UGV accurately. In addition, we employed a state estimation algorithm based on motion compensation for establishing the motion state of the ground moving UGV, including its actual motion direction and speed. Thereafter, according to the characteristics of the designed system, we derived a nonlinear controller based on the UGV motion state to ensure that the UGV and UAV maintain the same motion state, which allows autonomous landing. Finally, to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, we carried out a large number of simulations in AirSim and conducted real-world experiments. Through the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the experimental results, as well as the analysis of the time performance, we verified that the autonomous landing performance of the system in the GPS-denied environment is effective and robust.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs10111829
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 18
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    Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Three Polysaccharide Fractions from Pine Cones
    MDPI AG ; 2012
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2012-11-05), p. 14262-14277
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2012-11-05), p. 14262-14277
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114262
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 19
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    Insighting Drivers of Population Exposure to Ambient Ozone (O3) Concentrations across China Using a Spatiotemporal Causal Inference Method
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2023-10-08), p. 4871-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2023-10-08), p. 4871-
    Abstract: Ground-level ozone (O3) is a well-known atmospheric pollutant aside from particulate matter. China as a global populous country is facing serious surface O3 pollution. To detect the complex spatiotemporal transformation of the population exposure to ambient O3 pollution in China from 2005 to 2019, the Bayesian multi-stage spatiotemporal evolution hierarchy model was employed. To insight the drivers of the population exposure to ambient O3 pollution in China, a Bayesian spatiotemporal LASSO regression model (BST-LASSO-RM) and a spatiotemporal propensity score matching (STPSM) were firstly applied; then, a spatiotemporal causal inference method integrating the BST-LASSO-RM and STPSM was presented. The results show that the spatial pattern of the annual population-weighted ground-level O3 (PWGLO3) concentrations, representing population exposure to ambient O3, in China has transformed since 2014. Most regions (72.2%) experienced a decreasing trend in PWGLO3 pollution in the early stage, but in the late stage, most areas (79.3%) underwent an increasing trend. Some drivers on PWGLO3 concentrations have partial spatial spillover effects. The PWGLO3 concentrations in a region can be driven by this region’s surrounding areas’ economic factors, wind speed, and PWGLO3 concentrations. The major drivers with six local factors in 2005–2014 changed to five local factors and one spatial adjacent factor in 2015–2019. The driving of the traffic and green factors have no spatial spillover effects. Three traffic factors showed a negative driving effect in the early stage, but only one, bus ridership per capita (BRPC), retains the negative driving effect in the late stage. The factor with the maximum driving contribution is BRPC in the early stage, but PM2.5 pollution in the late stage, and the corresponding driving contribution is 17.57%. Green area per capita and urban green coverage rates have positive driving effects. The driving effects of the climate factors intensified from the early to the later stage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs15194871
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 20
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    Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Seed Protein–EGCG Conjugates: Covalent Bonding and Functional Research
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Foods Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-07-13), p. 1618-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-07-13), p. 1618-
    Abstract: In order to make HPI have a wide application prospect in the food industry, we used EGCG to modify HPI. In this study, we prepared different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mM) of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) covalently linked to HPI and use methods such as particle size analysis, circular dichroism (CD), and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy to study the changes in the structure and functional properties of HPI after being covalently combined with EGCG. The particle size data indicated that the covalent HPI-EGCG complex was larger than native HPI, and the particle size was mainly distributed at about 200 μm. CD and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy analyses showed that the conformation of the protein was changed by conjugation with EGCG. The β-sheet content decreased from 82.79% to 66.67% after EGCG bound to the protein, and the hydrophobic groups inside the protein were exposed, which increased the hydrophobicity of the protein and changed its conformation. After HPI and 1 mM of EGCG were covalently bonded, the solubility and emulsifying properties of the covalent complex were improved compared with native HPI. These results indicated that HPI-EGCG conjugates can be added in some foods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods10071618
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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