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  • 11
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    Online Resource
    Boar Semen Shipping for Artificial Insemination: Current Status and Analysis of Transport Conditions with a Major Focus on Vibration Emissions
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-05-23), p. 1331-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-05-23), p. 1331-
    Abstract: In the modern pig reproduction system, artificial insemination (AI) doses are delivered from AI centers to sow farms via logistics vehicles. In this study, six breeding companies in three countries (Brazil, Germany, and the USA) were interviewed about their delivery process. It was found that there is currently no comprehensive monitoring system for the delivery of semen. The entire process “shipping of boar semen” was documented using Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). Although it is not currently known which vibrations occur at all, it is suspected that vibration emissions affect the quality of boar semen. For this reason, a prototype of a measuring system was developed to calculate a displacement index (Di), representing vibration intensities. Vibrations were analyzed in standardized road trials (n = 120) on several road types (A: smooth asphalt pavement, B: rough asphalt pavement, C: cobblestone, and D: dirt road) with different speeds (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 km/h). A two-way ANOVA showed significant differences in mean Di, depending on road surface and speed as well as an interaction of both factors (p 〈 0.001). A field study on a reference delivery from a German AI center to several sow farms indicated that 33% of the observed roads are in good quality and generate only a few vibrations (Di ≤ 1), while 40% are of a moderate quality with interrupted surfaces (Di = 1–1.5). However, 25% of the roads show markedly increased vibrations (Di ≥ 1.5), as a consequence of bad conditions on cobblestones or unpaved roads. Overall, more attention should be paid to factors affecting sperm quality during transport. In the future, an Internet of Things (IoT) based solution could enable complete monitoring of the entire transport process in real time, which could influence the courier’s driving behavior based on road conditions in order to maintain the quality of the transported AI doses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12101331
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
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  • 12
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    Impairment of Motor Function Correlates with Neurometabolite and Brain Iron Alterations in Parkinson’s Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Cells Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2019-01-29), p. 96-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2019-01-29), p. 96-
    Abstract: We took advantage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) as non-invasive methods to quantify brain iron and neurometabolites, which were analyzed along with other predictors of motor dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Tapping hits, tremor amplitude, and the scores derived from part III of the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS3 scores) were determined in 35 male PD patients and 35 controls. The iron-sensitive MRI relaxation rate R2* was measured in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-edited and short echo-time MRS was used for the quantification of neurometabolites in the striatum and thalamus. Associations of R2*, neurometabolites, and other factors with motor function were estimated with Spearman correlations and mixed regression models to account for repeated measurements (hands, hemispheres). In PD patients, R2* and striatal GABA correlated with MDS-UPDRS3 scores if not adjusted for age. Patients with akinetic-rigid PD subtype (N = 19) presented with lower creatine and striatal glutamate and glutamine (Glx) but elevated thalamic GABA compared to controls or mixed PD subtype. In PD patients, Glx correlated with an impaired dexterity when adjusted for covariates. Elevated myo-inositol was associated with more tapping hits and lower MDS-UPDRS3 scores. Our neuroimaging study provides evidence that motor dysfunction in PD correlates with alterations in brain iron and neurometabolites.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells8020096
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 13
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    Antifibrotic Effects of Amyloid-Beta and Its Loss in Cirrhotic Liver
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cells Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020-02-17), p. 452-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020-02-17), p. 452-
    Abstract: The function and regulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in healthy and diseased liver remains unexplored. Because Aβ reduces the integrity of the blood-brain barrier we have examined its potential role in regulating the sinusoidal permeability of normal and cirrhotic liver. Aβ and key proteins that generate (beta-secretase 1 and presenilin-1) and degrade it (neprilysin and myelin basic protein) were decreased in human cirrhotic liver. In culture, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) internalized Aβ more efficiently than astrocytes and HSC degraded Aβ leading to suppressed expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen 1 and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Aβ also upregulated sinusoidal permeability marker endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and decreased TGFβ in cultured human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (hLSEC). Liver Aβ levels also correlate with the expression of eNOS in transgenic Alzheimer’s disease mice and in human and rodent cirrhosis/fibrosis. These findings suggest a previously unexplored role of Aβ in the maintenance of liver sinusoidal permeability and in protection against cirrhosis/fibrosis via attenuation of HSC activation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells9020452
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 14
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    Discontinuous Powder Aerosol Deposition: An Approach to Prepare Films Using Smallest Powder Quantities
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Coatings Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-07-13), p. 844-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-07-13), p. 844-
    Abstract: This work shows that the powder aerosol deposition (PAD) method allows the formation of films in powder quantities of less than 60 mg, rather than the large amounts that are typically required for conventional powder aerosol deposition systems. This was achieved by changing the operation mode to a discontinuous one, resulting in operation times of several seconds. Semiconducting strontium titanate ferrate SrTi0.65Fe0.35O3−δ (STF35) was used as the powder to prove the equal behavior in terms of adhesion, film quality and electric conductivity compared to conventional powder-aerosol-deposited films.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings11070844
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 15
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    Tissue Adhesives in Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery—Application of Silk Fibroin-Based Biomaterials
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 14 ( 2022-07-12), p. 7687-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 14 ( 2022-07-12), p. 7687-
    Abstract: Tissue adhesives have been successfully used in various kind of surgeries such as oral and maxillofacial surgery for some time. They serve as a substitute for suturing of tissues and shorten treatment time. Besides synthetic-based adhesives, a number of biological-based formulations are finding their way into research and clinical application. In natural adhesives, proteins play a crucial role, mediating adhesion and cohesion at the same time. Silk fibroin, as a natural biomaterial, represents an interesting alternative to conventional medical adhesives. Here, the most commonly used bioadhesives as well as the potential of silk fibroin as natural adhesives will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147687
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 16
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    Cultivation of Cryopreserved Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells—A New Approach to Maintaining Dental Pulp Tissue
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 19 ( 2022-09-29), p. 11485-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 19 ( 2022-09-29), p. 11485-
    Abstract: Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are capable of self-renewal with multilineage differentiation potential. After being cryopreserved, hDPSCs were reported to maintain a high level of proliferation and multi-differentiation abilities. In order to optimize cryopreservation techniques, decrease storage requirements and lower contamination risks, the feasibility of new whole-tooth cryopreservation and its effects on hDPSCs were tested. The survival rates, morphology, proliferation rates, cell activity, surface antigens and differentiation abilities of hDPSCs isolated from fresh teeth were compared with those of one-month cryopreserved teeth in 5% and 10% DMSO. The data of the present study indicated that the new cryopreservation approach did not reduce the capabilities or stemness of hDPSCs, with the exception that it extended the first appearance time of hDPSCs in the teeth that were cryopreserved in 10% DMSO, and reduced their recovery rate. With the novel strategy of freezing, the hDPSCs still expressed the typical surface markers of MSCs and maintained excellent proliferation capacity. Three consecutive weeks of osteogenic and adipogenic induction also showed that the expression of the key genes in hDPSCs, including lipoprotein lipase (LPL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), type I collagen (COL I) and osteocalcin (OSC) was not affected, indicating that their differentiation abilities remained intact, which are crucial parameters for hDPSCs as cell-therapy candidates. These results demonstrated that the new cryopreservation method is low-cost and effective for the good preservation of hDPSCs without compromising cell performance, and can provide ideas and evidence for the future application of stem-cell therapies and the establishment of dental banks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911485
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 17
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    Toward Tailoring the Degradation Rate of Magnesium-Based Biomaterials for Various Medical Applications: Assessing Corrosion, Cytocompatibility and Immunological Effects
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2021-01-19), p. 971-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2021-01-19), p. 971-
    Abstract: Magnesium (Mg)-based biomaterials hold considerable promise for applications in regenerative medicine. However, the degradation of Mg needs to be reduced to control toxicity caused by its rapid natural corrosion. In the process of developing new Mg alloys with various surface modifications, an efficient assessment of the relevant properties is essential. In the present study, a WE43 Mg alloy with a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO)-generated surface was investigated. Surface microstructure, hydrogen gas evolution in immersion tests and cytocompatibility were assessed. In addition, a novel in vitro immunological test using primary human lymphocytes was introduced. On PEO-treated WE43, a larger number of pores and microcracks, as well as increased roughness, were observed compared to untreated WE43. Hydrogen gas evolution after two weeks was reduced by 40.7% through PEO treatment, indicating a significantly reduced corrosion rate. In contrast to untreated WE43, PEO-treated WE43 exhibited excellent cytocompatibility. After incubation for three days, untreated WE43 killed over 90% of lymphocytes while more than 80% of the cells were still vital after incubation with the PEO-treated WE43. PEO-treated WE43 slightly stimulated the activation, proliferation and toxin (perforin and granzyme B) expression of CD8+ T cells. This study demonstrates that the combined assessment of corrosion, cytocompatibility and immunological effects on primary human lymphocytes provide a comprehensive and effective procedure for characterizing Mg variants with tailorable degradation and other features. PEO-treated WE43 is a promising candidate for further development as a degradable biomaterial.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020971
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 18
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    Effects of a Novel Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment of Titanium on the Proliferation and Adhesion Behavior of Fibroblasts
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2021-12-31), p. 420-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2021-12-31), p. 420-
    Abstract: Cold plasma treatment increases the hydrophilicity of the surfaces of implants and may enhance their integration with the surrounding tissues. The implaPrep prototype device from Relyon Plasma generates cold atmospheric plasma via dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). In this study, titanium surfaces were treated with the implaPrep device for 20 s and assessed as a cell culture surface for fibroblasts. One day after seeding, significantly more cells were counted on the surfaces treated with cold plasma than on the untreated control titanium surface. Additionally, the viability assay revealed significantly higher viability on the treated surfaces. Morphological observation of the cells showed certain differences between the treated and untreated titanium surfaces. While conventional plasma devices require compressed gas, such as oxygen or argon, the implaPrep device uses atmospheric air as the gas source. It is, therefore, compact in size and simple to handle, and may provide a safe and convenient tool for treating the surfaces of dental implants, which may further improve the implantation outcome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010420
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 19
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    Analysis of Wind-Turbine Main Bearing Loads Due to Constant Yaw Misalignments over a 20 Years Timespan
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Energies Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2019-05-10), p. 1768-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2019-05-10), p. 1768-
    Abstract: The compact design of modern wind farms means that turbines are located in the wake over a certain amount of time. This leads to reduced power and increased loads on the turbine in the wake. Currently, research has been dedicated to reduce or avoid these effects. One approach is wake-steering, where a yaw misalignment is introduced in the upstream wind turbine. Due to the intentional misalignment of upstream turbines, their wake flow can be forced around the downstream turbines, thus increasing park energy output. Such a control scheme reduces the turbulence seen by the downstream turbine but introduces additional load variation to the turbine that is misaligned. Within the scope of this investigation, a generic multi body simulation model is simulated for various yaw misalignments. The time series of the calculated loads are combined with the wind speed distribution of a reference site over 20 years to investigate the effects of yaw misalignments on the turbines main bearing loads. It is shown that damage equivalent loads increase with yaw misalignment within the range considered. Especially the vertical in-plane force, bending and tilt moment acting on the main bearing are sensitive to yaw misalignments. Furthermore, it is found that the change of load due to yaw misalignments is not symmetrical. The results of this investigation are a primary step and can be further combined with distributions of yaw misalignments for a study regarding specific load distributions and load cycles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en12091768
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 20
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    IoTCrawler: Challenges and Solutions for Searching the Internet of Things
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sensors Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2021-02-24), p. 1559-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2021-02-24), p. 1559-
    Abstract: Due to the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and consequently, the availability of more and more IoT data sources, mechanisms for searching and integrating IoT data sources become essential to leverage all relevant data for improving processes and services. This paper presents the IoT search framework IoTCrawler. The IoTCrawler framework is not only another IoT framework, it is a system of systems which connects existing solutions to offer interoperability and to overcome data fragmentation. In addition to its domain-independent design, IoTCrawler features a layered approach, offering solutions for crawling, indexing and searching IoT data sources, while ensuring privacy and security, adaptivity and reliability. The concept is proven by addressing a list of requirements defined for searching the IoT and an extensive evaluation. In addition, real world use cases showcase the applicability of the framework and provide examples of how it can be instantiated for new scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s21051559
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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