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  • MDPI AG  (111)
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    5′-Nucleotidase Plays a Key Role in Uric Acid Metabolism of Bombyx mori
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cells Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2021-08-30), p. 2243-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2021-08-30), p. 2243-
    Abstract: Uric acid (UA) is the end-product in the human purine metabolism pathway. The UA that accumulates in silkworm tissues is excreted as a nitrogen waste product. Here, we first validated that Bombyx mori has a homolog of the human gene that encodes the 5′-nucleotidase (5′N) involved in purine metabolism. The B. mori gene, Bm5′N, is located upstream of other genes involved in UA metabolism in the silkworm. Disruption of Bm5′N via the CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted in decreased UA levels in the silkworm epidermis and caused a translucent skin phenotype. When Bm5′N mutant silkworms were fed with the uric acid precursor inosine, the UA levels in the epidermis increased significantly. Furthermore, the metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of Bm5′N mutants indicated that loss of the Bm5′N affected purine metabolism and the ABC transport pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that the UA pathway is conserved between the silkworm and humans and that the Bm5′N gene plays a crucial role in the uric acid metabolism of the silkworm. Thus, the silkworm may be a suitable model for the study of UA metabolism pathways relevant to human disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells10092243
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wavelength-Tunable Narrow-Linewidth Laser Diode Based on Self-Injection Locking with a High-Q Lithium Niobate Microring Resonator
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-03-06), p. 948-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-03-06), p. 948-
    Abstract: We demonstrate a narrow linewidth 980 nm laser by self-injection locking of an electrically pumped distributed-feedback (DFB) laser diode to a high quality (Q) factor ( 〉 105) lithium niobate (LN) microring resonator. The lithium niobate microring resonator is fabricated by photolithography-assisted chemo-mechanical etching (PLACE) technique, and the Q factor of lithium niobate microring is measured as high as 6.91 × 105. The linewidth of the multimode 980 nm laser diode, which is ~2 nm measured from its output end, is narrowed down to 35 pm with a single-mode characteristic after coupling with the high-Q LN microring resonator. The output power of the narrow-linewidth microlaser is about 4.27 mW, and the wavelength tuning range reaches 2.57 nm. This work explores a hybrid integrated narrow linewidth 980 nm laser that has potential applications in high-efficient pump laser, optical tweezers, quantum information, as well as chip-based precision spectroscopy and metrology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano13050948
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 13
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    Advances in Barley Breeding for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-15), p. 1682-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-15), p. 1682-
    Abstract: Crop breeding for high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) or tolerance to low nitrogen fertilization is thought to be an ideal solution to reduce the cost, carbon footprint, and other environmental problems caused by the excess use of nitrogen fertilizers. As a model plant for cereal crops, barley has many advantages, including good adaptability, a short growth period, and high natural stress resistance or tolerance. Therefore, research on improving NUE in barley is not only beneficial for nitrogen-efficient barley breeding but will also inform NUE improvement in other cereal crops. In this review, recent progress in understanding barley’s response to nitrogen nutrition, evaluation of NUE or low-nitrogen tolerance, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and gene cloning associated with improving NUE, and breeding of nitrogen-efficient barley is summarized. Furthermore, several biotechnological tools that could be used for revealing the molecular mechanisms of NUE or breeding for improving NUE in barley are introduced, including GWAS, omics, and gene editing. The latest research ideas in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of improving NUE in other crops are also discussed. Thus, this review provides a better understanding of improving the NUE of barley and some directions for future research in this area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12071682
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 14
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    Two-Scale Asymptotic Homogenization Method for Composite Kirchhoff Plates with in-Plane Periodicity
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Aerospace Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2022-11-25), p. 751-
    Details
    In: Aerospace, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2022-11-25), p. 751-
    Abstract: This paper develops a two-scale asymptotic homogenization method for periodic composite Kirchhoff plates. In this method, a three-dimensional (3D) periodic plate problem is simplified as a Kirchhoff plate problem, which is governed by a fourth-order uniformly elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) with periodically oscillating coefficients. Then, a two-scale solution in an asymptotic expansion form is presented for the PDE, and it is found that the first-order perturbed displacement in the asymptotic solution is zero. Additionally, periodic boundary and normalization constraint conditions are proposed to determine the unique solution to unit cell problems. Moreover, standard finite element formulations for calculating the perturbed displacements are derived from the principle of virtual work. Physical interpretations of the influence functions are presented by analyzing the properties of self-balanced quasi-load vectors used for solving the influence functions. Numerical comparisons show that the present method is physically acceptable and highly accurate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2226-4310
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/aerospace9120751
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2756091-0
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  • 15
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    Online Resource
    Effect of Contact Angle on Friction Properties of Superhydrophobic Nickel Surface
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Photonics Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2023-07-17), p. 829-
    Details
    In: Photonics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2023-07-17), p. 829-
    Abstract: Due to their excellent performance, superhydrophobic materials have received a lot of attention and research in friction reduction and wear resistance. However, the effect of different contact angles of superhydrophobicity on friction and wear properties has not been thoroughly studied. In this paper, a nanosecond pulsed laser was used to realize the preparation of a superhydrophobic nickel surface, which indeed reduced the coefficient of friction but also increased the wear volume when compared to the unprocessed surface. As the contact angle of the superhydrophobic nickel surface increased, the coefficient of friction gradually increased, and the wear volume decreased gradually in superhydrophobic nickel surfaces. When the laser energy density was 1 J/cm2, the contact angle was 150.3° and the minimum friction coefficient was 0.4. However, when the laser energy density was 50 J/cm2, the maximum contact angle was 156.4° and the minimum wear volume was 4.23 × 107 μm3. The friction direction also influenced the tribological properties of the superhydrophobic-textured surface. This method makes it possible to process superhydrophobic surfaces with more suitable friction and wear properties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-6732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/photonics10070829
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2770002-1
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  • 16
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    Recent Advances in the Efficient Synthesis of Useful Amines from Biomass-Based Furan Compounds and Their Derivatives over Heterogeneous Catalysts
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-05), p. 528-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-05), p. 528-
    Abstract: Bio-based furanic oxygenates represent a well-known class of lignocellulosic biomass-derived platform molecules. In the presence of H2 and different nitrogen sources, these versatile building blocks can be transformed into valuable amine compounds via reductive amination or hydrogen-borrowing amination mechanisms, yet they still face many challenges due to the co-existence of many side-reactions, such as direct hydrogenation, polymerization and cyclization. Hence, catalysts with specific structures and functions are required to achieve satisfactory yields of target amines. In recent years, heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of amines from bio-based furanic oxygenates has received extensive attention. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent significant progress in the generation of useful amines from bio-based furanic oxygenates with H2 and different nitrogen sources over heterogeneous catalysts, according to various raw materials and reaction pathways. The key factors affecting catalytic performances, such as active metals, supports, promoters, reaction solvents and conditions, as well as the possible reaction routes and catalytic reaction mechanisms are studied and discussed in depth. Special attention is paid to the structure–activity relationship, which would be helpful for the development of more efficient and stable heterogeneous catalysts. Moreover, the future research direction and development trend of the efficient synthesis for bio-based amines are prospected.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal13030528
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 17
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    LcNAC13 Physically Interacts with LcR1MYB1 to Coregulate Anthocyanin Biosynthesis-Related Genes during Litchi Fruit Ripening
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2019-04-04), p. 135-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2019-04-04), p. 135-
    Abstract: Anthocyanin accumulation is crucial for the development of quality for most fruit. The mechanism underlying the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by transcription factors in litchi fruit remains largely unknown. In this study, we isolated one NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) TF gene, LcNAC13. Expression of LcNAC13 was upregulated as ripening proceeded, followed by the accumulation of anthocyanins. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and transient expression assay showed that LcNAC13 could negatively regulate the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes, including LcCHS1/2, LcCHI, LcF3H, LcF3’H, LcDFR, and LcMYB1. Furthermore, LcR1MYB1, as one R1-MYB type MYB, was identified to physically interact with LcNAC13 and reverse the effect of LcNAC13. Taken together, these results suggested that LcNAC13 and LcR1MYB1 may act together to antagonistically regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis during litchi fruit ripening, which helps to provide new insights into the regulatory networks of anthocyanin biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom9040135
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 18
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    The Divergent Key Residues of Two Agrobacterium fabrum (tumefaciens) CheY Paralogs Play a Key Role in Distinguishing Their Functions
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2021-05-24), p. 1134-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2021-05-24), p. 1134-
    Abstract: The chemotactic response regulator CheY, when phosphorylated by the phosphoryl group from phosphorylated CheA, can bind to the motor switch complex to control the flagellar motor rotation. Agrobacterium fabrum (previous name: Agrobacterium tumefaciens), a phytopathogen, carries two paralogous cheY genes, cheY1 and cheY2. The functional difference of two paralogous CheYs remains unclear. Three cheY-deletion mutants were constructed to test the effects of two CheYs on the chemotaxis of A.fabrum. Phenotypes of three cheY-deletion mutants show that deletion of each cheY significantly affects the chemotactic response, but cheY2-deletion possesses more prominent effects on the chemotactic migration and swimming pattern of A. fabrum than does cheY1-deletion. CheA-dependent cellular localization of two CheY paralogs and in vitro pull-down of two CheY paralogs by FliM demonstrate that the distinct roles of two CheY paralogs arise mainly from the differentiation of their binding affinities for the motor switch component FliM, agreeing with the divergence of the key residues on the motor-binding surface involved in the interaction with FliM. The single respective replacements of key residues R93 and A109 on the motor-binding surface of CheY2 by alanine (A) and valine (V), the corresponding residues of CheY1, significantly enhanced the function of CheY2 in regulating the chemotactic response of A. fabrum CheY-deficient mutant Δy to nutrient substances and host attractants. These results conclude that the divergence of the key residues in the functional subdomain is the decisive factor of functional differentiation of these two CheY homologs and protein function may be improved by the substitution of the divergent key residues in the functional domain for the corresponding residues of its paralogs. This finding will help us to better understand how paralogous proteins sub-functionalize. In addition, the acquirement of two CheY2 variants, whose chemotactic response functions are significantly improved, will be very useful for us to further explore the mechanism of CheY to bind and regulate the flagellar motor and the role of chemotaxis in the pathogenicity of A. fabrum.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061134
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 19
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    Framework and Capability of Industrial IoT Infrastructure for Smart Manufacturing
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Standards Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2023-01-03), p. 1-18
    Details
    In: Standards, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2023-01-03), p. 1-18
    Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) and smart manufacturing (SM) are mutually reinforcing. The establishment of IoT-based common facilities for SM is the premise of building SM system. Industrial IoT (IIoT) infrastructure for SM refers to common facilities based on IoT that support SM in industries or sectors, and plays a dominant role and faces severe challenges in the intelligence of SM. The infrastructure is independent of the products and production process in a specific factory. This paper develops conceptual and capability frameworks of IIoT infrastructure from a unified perspective of IIoT-related SM industries. These frameworks reflect relationships between IIoT and SM with in-depth relationships among basic facilities of IIoT infrastructure and lay the foundation of SM. In this paper the common characteristics and high-level requirements with respect to the different IoT layers of IIoT infrastructure are analyzed, and the capability framework and relevant capabilities of IIoT infrastructure are summarized according to the characteristics and requirements. In order to help service providers implement their systems to meet the needs of SM, the existing and newly developed IIoT infrastructure are integrated partially or in whole according to the intelligence level, so as to provide technical guidance for stakeholders to apply emerging ICTs to SM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2305-6703
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/standards3010001
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 20
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    Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of Aquaporin Gene Family during Development and Abiotic Stress in Banana
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 2015-08-20), p. 19728-19751
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 2015-08-20), p. 19728-19751
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819728
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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